1, R&D, including software R&D and hardware R&D, just like most of our friends in this forum are in the same company.

To complete project development or customize products, generally speaking, software research and development is basically the designer and manufacturer of products.

Hardware research and development can only be regarded as a designer. Because there are still production links behind.

Usually R&D positions, including R&D, QA, configuration administrator, architect, team leader, project manager, R&D.

Assistant and so on. , is all the positions in the research section. Generally speaking, I am not a department manager, and I feel that the department manager is in charge of people.

It should be a management position. But some small companies, department managers and project managers, even architects, do not distinguish, so it is necessary.

Need to analyze the specific situation.

Among them, RD is the most talked about designer. The students in this base camp will probably be in the majority in the future.

From here, there are of course many QA tests.

The woRD rd is particular, that is, design and implementation, which has two meanings. Design is to decide how to do one thing.

Stone is here to make trouble. At the beginning, it may be done first, and then slowly design, module design and system design.

Wait a minute, if you do well, you will gradually become a professional architect in the future.

Software personnel generally don't understand RD, and designers are generally implementers, because basically after the program is knocked out, the product will come out.

Yes Hardware personnel are different, usually designers, and QA for the first round of white-box testing, self-testing and product testing.

As far as possible stable stereotypes, and then can be handed over to the pilot department for product testing, and finally on-line patch production.

QA is generally divided into software testing and product pilot testing. Large and medium-sized enterprises like Huawei and Maipu all produce hard products.

Product companies have their own pilot departments. In short, the pilot department is specialized in testing hardware, such as various

Electrostatic test, temperature test, drop test, vibration test, etc. To prepare for the final product release. I think most students can.

Familiar with software testing, may not be familiar with product pilots, but that's about it.

Software development usually has a very important role, that is, configuration administrator. Generally, small companies do not have this effect, which is negative.

The responsibility tester is also a part-time, and large companies will set up this role specially, which also has the function of keeping trade secrets.

Products developed by our software personnel are usually called beta versions on our own machines and are only submitted to CVS or SVN.

A version management system is a product, and the testing department does not take the software from us to test it, but the configuration administrator is in it.

On the core server, the software products are compiled from the source code into executable files, and the installation package is generated, and then sent to the testing department.

After the test, the test department returns the test report, and after the company leaders sign it, the delivery of software products in the future is configuration management.

The clerk is responsible for the delivery.

You see, very strict. In big companies, once the software is put into testing, if RD finds a small bug,

Small companies may change without saying hello, which is not obvious in the process of project control, but in large companies, it is necessary to issue a document to explain.

One version is invalid, then the test application is re-released, the code is re-submitted and recorded in the course of the project, and the invalid version is once.

It will be used as the basis for deducting wages in the future. Therefore, programmers in big companies are generally very rigorous, and they are cautious in releasing tests, just afraid.

The disadvantage of this bug is that it is not sensitive to the market. Maybe the customer submitted a bug and RD was changed, as long as.

A few minutes, but this process takes a day or two, but the advantage is that the product quality is guaranteed, and everyone's work results are recorded in

Keith. Easy to manage. And the program is almost impossible to leak.

I used to have an article saying that many foreign programmers may have worked in a company all their lives and never met themselves.

This is the case with computers that provide services. RD works in the terminal, performs self-test locally, and then submits it to the central server.

The configuration administrator is responsible for the final compilation and submission.

2, the market, this is the most talked about, in the low-distribution, computer city, it is the market, in the high-distribution, Huawei,

The regional president of Cisco is actually a market role. According to personal experience, the market is divided into sales and marketing.

The buyer is a simple customer transaction service provider, that is, the customer prepares to buy, completes the transaction procedures, and assists in delivery. , Dell this way.

The telemarketing girl is this role. Because Dell is customized, they still need to place an order. The latter is

Belonging to a higher level of sales staff, they can guide the market, guide customers and facilitate transactions.

Generally speaking, marketing is actually a technical activity, and few friends are geniuses who can do marketing as soon as they start.

We all start with sales and practice slowly. This process may be more difficult than programmers going to architects. Many salespeople

You can't be a marketer all your life. If you don't believe me, go to the mall and see the salespeople and ticket sellers.

Sales.

Let's talk about advertising here. In my understanding, advertising is a branch of marketing, attracting attention, attracting customers and promoting.

Deal.

We often say that every industry has heroes. In fact, in the market, marketing is a hero. Generally speaking, it is intended to

In this step, you can stand at the peak of this industry, go out to give lectures, get the highest commission and enjoy the pleasure of headhunting.

Wait a minute. However, it is difficult. Please pay attention to one sentence, "In this world, 99% of salespeople don't know themselves.

What are you doing? This is the problem. Then 1% is marketing.

Usually, developers look down on marketers and always think that the other party is bluffing, but so are marketers.

I also look down on developers, and I always feel that these nerds don't create value. Hehe, don't be angry, most companies put it.

As the largest cost unit, R&D units only spend money without creating value. Although we design products, the company

Financially speaking, this part is worthless, and the value of the product is not reflected until it is sold. Therefore, financially,

Listen, the R&D department is always in deficit.

In fact, we R&D personnel should respect truly powerful marketers. You know, an R&D person should

Getting famous and getting married is actually very easy. Anything, overcome a difficulty, produce a few papers, produce a product, this

R&D personnel can get up in the company, and at least 20%~30% of a research institute are such awesome people. But,

If the market can be marketed, as I said before, 1% may not be enough. Do you think these people are elites?

3. Technology, and finally, technology, which is the strangest occupation. It didn't exist, it just appeared.

A career. In fact, foreign technology should be called service, which means technical support.

Technology, to put it mildly, is also a technician who works in a computer city. Usually, this is a part-time job for singles.

College students often work part-time and part-time, hehe, and practice together. Go up, deliver the goods to the customer, open the package, technology,

Networking, technology, debugging network, technology, no matter how big the problem is, I hope you don't take it amiss, network administrator,

In fact, it is also technology.

There was a time when MCSE was very popular, and I also took the exam. However, it was later discovered that the R&D unit was recruiting personnel.

Don't look at this at all, because this research is how to operate the machine, and research and development is to design the machine and operation mode so that others can do it.

Operation. CCIE, too. At that time, so many statements were actually a bit misleading, saying that you could not go to college after learning these certificates.

There is also a doll in Chengdu, who was admitted to MCSE after graduating from senior three and stopped going to college. Now I won't talk about it.

Because after all, going to college is king. This certificate alone can't last a lifetime.

In Huawei and Maipu, technology is a specialized profession, responsible for delivering goods to customers, because they export routers and install equipment.

There are many things, and the telecommunications bureau is Daniel. People will not care about this matter, and the manufacturer will solve it. By the way,

The telecommunications bureau guards the computer room, which is also technology.

Originally, I didn't have this job, so I had to have a part-time R&D staff, because it was a technical job after all, but after a long time, there was no R&D staff.

After doing it, I will travel every day. What other research and development will I do? The boss also resigned because the salary of R&D staff was high. In everyone's opinion, it is repeated.

Ok, configure several IP addresses, which is not complicated. If it is done by R&D personnel, the cost is too high.

Well, this defines a unique occupation and technology in IT enterprises, and this part mainly looks for some lower-level ones.

There are two or three talents, and they are self-taught. In a word, I see many young friends want to enter the IT industry, but they don't.

Capital will not be the boss, nor can it enter the door of some big companies. The general choice is to start a business technology in the computer city.

At present, many system integration companies have different definitions of project managers from R&D units. In fact,

It is also technology. These companies are generally dealers, not manufacturers. They don't have their own products, and they resell them by acting as agents for other people's products.

Generally speaking, the word channel refers to this kind of company. The technical staff of these companies mainly work.

Just to see which products I represent and which products have high profits. How can we report the scheme to customers and design high-profit products?

Go inside. Wait a minute.

In fact, there is also design work, but obviously, this part of the design work is different from the previous R&D architect's design.

Meter, it's two levels.

Of course, there are two special cases. One is that many small and medium-sized architects who do network applications have this.

In the design part, these enterprises are generally project-oriented, without their own products, and each order has to be customized and developed, which is similar to before.

System integration design is similar, because many projects include equipment procurement and so on.

Another special case is system integration design, which is usually the work of marketing, because since IBM put forward selling services,

After the concept, turnkey engineering became the mainstream, and everyone said that they were solution providers. Therefore, marketing

Usually, we collect requirements, use our company's or agents' products to form solutions and provide them to customers in an integrated way.

Therefore, from the perspective of career development, technology can also be used for marketing. Usually there are two kinds of products in marketing.

Production channels, service technologies or sales.

Of course, we can also see the shortcomings of technical majors here, because marketing is mainly sales after all, so sales can be.

Power is dominant, and technicians have been dealing with machines for a long time. I am afraid that most of them are machines and their sales ability is poor.

Therefore, less technology can be transformed into marketing.

Of course, there are also technicians who go back to do research and development, but very few, at least I have never seen successful cases.

4, management, here is a brief talk, generally speaking, management itself is abstract, not the management of the IT industry, it must only be

For example, Guo Shina, the president of IBM, is not a hero who was born and managed in the IT industry.

There are too many children. They have a unified name, professional managers.

Generally speaking, these people mentioned above can eventually grow into managers, but management is also the most difficult, because people are

The most complicated thing is that it is not as easy to deal with as a machine. Secondly, management depends on luck. Simply speaking, poor level will make the boss value it.

Just do it, don't you think

Therefore, if R&D, sales and technology want to become management, the success rate will generally not be higher than 1%.

Count the ratio of managers to ordinary employees in your company, or the ratio of teachers and students in your school, although this is not allowed.

But it can basically explain one problem.

Since our base camp is not a management forum, there is not much to say about management.

5, production, this position is actually available in all companies, but most bosses do not admit it, and employees do not want to admit it, hehe.

Big companies, such as Huawei, Maipu, Intel, etc. , mainly produces hardware products, and basically has a production department, remember.

Ah, this production department is very important. Production, warehousing and logistics are basically in this area.

Don't underestimate the output. Now the workers on the production line basically need college education because they want to open a mounter or something.

I don't want to make clear suggestions for those who need training, but some students who are particularly difficult to find jobs at present may wish to consider this.

Production jobs in large enterprises.

In large manufacturing industries, such as Midea and Haier, many of their management comes from the production line, not all of them are on the production line.

It is a worker's post, and many production technologists and tooling designers need to design this job. If a person with a higher education,

Tall people who enter this department can actually get ahead easily if they are willing to work hard. After all, the competitors around us are too low.

Hehe, it's much easier than the institute.

6, others, this is too much, the boss is someone else's, hehe, entrepreneurship is also someone else's, because this part is not taken.

Universality, not much to say. Financial, secretarial and other administrative personnel at all levels are other.