First, how to write an argumentative essay focuses on convincing people with reasoning. "Reasoning" is the key to argumentative writing. We must stick to our own views on the issues discussed. Argument is the soul of argumentative writing, and it must be correct and distinct. Factual arguments require truthfulness and credibility, while rational arguments require persuasiveness. Argumentative writing is by no means a simple argument plus argument. Writing an argumentative essay emphasizes the process and method of proving an argument with arguments, which is an argumentative essay. Facts speak plainer than words. If you quote hard and typical facts, your point of view will be strongly proved. Therefore, examples are the most commonly used. According to the correct and credible scientific principles and celebrity speeches, it is a rational argument, which often makes the discussion authoritative and thus more convincing. Everyone must learn these two basic methods of argument. In addition, comparative argument is to compare positive and negative arguments or arguments and prove arguments in comparison; Metaphorical argument is to use familiar things as metaphors to prove arguments and so on. As long as we have more contact with nature, know more about society, feel more about life, appreciate life, practice writing more and persevere, we will certainly be able to write good articles. 1. Argumentative essay is an article that expresses the author's views and opinions through argumentation. 2. The three elements of argumentative writing include argument, argument and argumentation. 3. Write a simple argumentative essay and try to be reasonable and well-founded. Exam notes: Political papers, editorials, short comments, small comments, miscellaneous feelings, prefaces and postscripts, declarations, statements, opening speeches, written speeches and reports that we often see in newspapers and books are argumentative. Argumentative writing plays a great role in "the construction of two civilizations" and daily life. We must study hard and master this style of writing. 1, three elements of an argumentative essay Every argumentative essay is inseparable from arguments, arguments and arguments. Therefore, clear arguments, conclusive arguments and rigorous argumentation are the three basic elements of argumentative writing. (1) Argumentative essay is the author's opinion or proposition on the issues to be discussed, and it is the soul of argumentative essay writing, which plays a leading role in the whole text and connects the preceding with the following. Establishing arguments is the premise of writing argumentative essays. The argument of argumentative paper has the following five requirements: ① Correct. The purpose of writing argumentative essays is to preach the truth, distinguish right from wrong, distinguish right from wrong, beauty and ugliness. Therefore, the correctness of ideological views is the first. 2 very different. In the article, the author must clearly express his views and express them unequivocally, so that readers can see at a glance and understand them clearly. 3 tight. The expression of arguments must be cautious, rigorous and impeccable, and people who disagree should not be given any chance. 4 concentration. An argumentative essay can only put forward a central argument, and the whole article always focuses on one argument, expounding the truth in depth and solving problems. The requirement of centralization is to avoid the shift of arguments, and the arguments in the latter part are different from those in the former part, or the concepts are confused. ⑤ profound. The arguments put forward in this paper should be the author's fresh and original views on things, which can profoundly reveal the essence of things, rather than general platitudes, so as to convince readers more effectively and give people profound enlightenment. When writing an argumentative essay, we should pay attention to explaining the central argument and sub-arguments clearly. The central argument is the basic point of argumentative writing, the theme and core of the whole paper, and plays a leading role in the article. Subordinate argument is an argument that clarifies and serves the central argument. There are various forms to put forward arguments, generally the following four: First, put forward arguments at the beginning. The second is to put forward an argument at the end. The third is the argument put forward by the article. Fourth, the argument runs through the whole paper. The usual writing methods are ① and ②, and the essay should also be based on these two methods, and then learn the latter two writing methods. (2) Arguments Arguments are used to prove the facts and authenticity of arguments. So arguments include factual materials and truth, that is, theoretical materials. Fact materials include both positive and negative facts, and data materials are one of them. What principles should be followed in selecting factual and theoretical materials?

For positive factual materials, the first is the principle of authenticity. If the argument is true, the argument is credible; If the argument is not valid, the argument is suspicious. The second is the typical principle. It is required to use materials that can profoundly reveal the essence of things, that is, materials with broad representation as arguments. An argument often has many arguments to prove from different aspects and angles. But among many arguments that can prove it, there are always some most appropriate and convincing arguments, which are typical arguments. In addition, we must follow the principle of novelty. When reading articles, people are easily attracted by novel materials, and they are also easily disgusted with old materials. Therefore, the choice of factual arguments must also follow the principle of seeking novelty, belittle the old, seek near and far, and work hard on the word "new". The principle of negative facts should be adopted. In order to explain the truth thoroughly, argumentative papers need to analyze and demonstrate arguments from multiple angles, which requires us to choose arguments from different angles, not only to choose positive materials, but also to explain things from the front; We should also choose negative materials, analyze things from a negative perspective, compare positive and negative, compare positive and negative, and highlight the central argument. Negative materials complement incomprehensible results. Data materials should follow scientific principles. On the surface, the data is just a few simple numbers, but in fact, it has rich connotations, often the crystallization of a lot of labor, the performance of brilliant achievements and the reflection of unremitting efforts. Introducing scientific data into argumentative writing can enhance the effect of argumentation and has irrefutable persuasion.

Second, the argumentative essay structure has some basic structural forms, such as total score, parallel, progressive, positive and negative, comparative and inductive.

Take the topic of "thinking" as an example to explain: 1. First put forward your own point of view, that is, argument, then analyze and demonstrate, and finally draw a conclusion. This structure is discussed in the order of asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems.

Say "thinking": 1. Learning to use your head is a very important question (asking questions). 2. Doing well in study, work and scientific research requires more thinking (analyzing problems). 3. Cultivate the habit of using more brains (solving problems).

Second, put forward the general argument in parallel, and then discuss the general argument in parallel from several aspects, that is, the discussion part consists of several parallel sub-arguments. Several parallel arguments are often placed at the beginning of each paragraph to show the hierarchy. The key to using this structure is to understand a general argument from different aspects and to arrange several sub-arguments that can explain the general argument side by side. Say "thinking": 1, cultivate the habit of thinking more (general argument) 2, think more about learning knowledge (parallel argument 1) 3, think more about invention and creation (parallel argument 2) 4, think more and use your brain (parallel argument 3)

Third, according to the internal relations of objective things, demonstrate the argument step by step from the outside to the inside, layer by layer. There are many ways to "go deep": from phenomenon to essence; It can be said that from possible to inevitable; We can talk about problems from experience and then talk about solutions to problems; We can talk about "why" from "what" and then "how" ... This structure can make the analysis of the problem step by step like peeling bamboo shoots. Say "thinking": 1, "thinking" means promoting thinking (what is it) 2. The importance of "diligent thinking" (why) 3. "Good thinking" (how about it)

Fourth, after the positive and negative arguments are put forward, they are demonstrated from both positive and negative aspects. Any argument can be discussed from both sides; Combining two aspects, the explanation is more thorough. Some arguments can be based on positive discussion and combined with negative discussion; Some arguments can focus on negative arguments and combine them with positive arguments.

Say "thinking": 1, advocate thinking more (put forward arguments) 2, the importance of thinking more (positive discussion) 3, the harm of not thinking (negative discussion)

Fifth, the comparative argument is demonstrated by comparison. There are positive and negative contrasts, there are contrasts between the present and the past, there is a contrast between one thing and another, there is a contrast between the same thing at different stages of development, and so on. Contrast can make the point more distinct. Say "thinking": 1. There are two kinds of people in life: people who are diligent in thinking; A person who is lazy in thinking. (Attitude contrast) 2. Different results of different attitudes (result comparison) 3. Different ideological roots of different attitudes (comparison of ideological roots) 4. You should learn the first attitude and be a diligent thinker.

Sixth, inductive type first puts out a series of facts that can explain the general argument, and then draws conclusions about the general argument. Inductive expression is often used to demonstrate a certain point in a paragraph, but it is rarely used as a full-text structural form and is generally used in combination with other forms. Say "thinking": 1, Newton from observing the apple falling to discovering the law of gravitation (example 1) 2, Watt from observing boiling water to inventing the steam engine (example 2) 3, Marx from observing commodity exchange to publishing the surplus value theory (example 3) 4, we should use our brains (induction) in everything.

Third, how to decompose the argument

When the central argument of an argumentative paper is clear, how to accurately decompose it into several sub-arguments is an important link in writing an argumentative paper. The sub-argument is relative to the central argument, but it belongs to the central argument and is used to demonstrate the central argument. If an article has no sub-argument, or the sub-argument is not well established, then the central argument cannot be proved or the argument is weak. So, how to set up a sub-argument? Here are some common decomposition methods.

1, concept analysis. The concept here refers to the key words in the central argument of the article. Analyzing these words and making clear their connotation and extension will help us to decompose the central argument. For example, "say? Face? " The center of an article is "safeguarding the dignity of the people of the country? Face? Don't throw it away, too personal? Face? Thought cannot leave. " The discussion of this center must be divided into two levels: one is to emphasize the need to safeguard the dignity of the country and the people; The second is to emphasize not to care too much about personal vanity. These are two sub-arguments decomposed from the central argument.

2. Causal analysis. The "cause" here refers to the partial argument, and the "effect" refers to the central argument. After establishing the central argument (fruit), analyze the reasons for this result. To prove that "youth is the golden age", you can ask questions first. Why is youth the golden age? The following points can be cited: ① Youth is an era of physical strength and energy; Youth is an era of accumulating knowledge and increasing talents; (3) Youth is an era of making contributions. These three sub-arguments prove the central argument from three different angles.

3. Dialectical analysis. It includes two aspects: ① the positive and negative comparative analysis of the central argument, and ② the analysis of the split of the central argument. ① Contrastive analysis, if we want to prove that "practice makes true knowledge", we can demonstrate it from two aspects: a. Only through practice can we understand things and grasp the development law of things; B, don't participate in practice, don't proceed from reality, behind closed doors, you can't find the key to solve the problem. This can further clarify the view that "practice makes true knowledge".