Usually in front of the directory, just turn a few pages! First of all, correctly and comprehensively grasp the scope of the topic, carefully analyze the topic, and find out the specific object, specific methods, specific results and innovative conclusions drawn from the analysis results from the four elements of the abstract. Based on the above four elements, find out the topic concept words with high specificity in each part, and then organize these topic concept words which reflect the theme content correctly, and use logical related words to form a complete abstract. Then, with the theme of expressing the theme of the paper as the theme, with the key words as the tool, through patient scrutiny and simplification, we strive to make the abstract concise, logical and complete.

General Chinese abstract writing should meet the following requirements:

① The abstract is based on the principle of not omitting the theme concept, with 200~300 words in Chinese and 100 ~ 150 words in English;

(2) The first sentence of the abstract should not be repeated with the title of the paper, and each abstract is arranged side by side with the title, which is the first sentence of the abstract;

③ Starting with important facts, highlight the new information of the paper, namely, new topics, new methods, innovative conclusions and achievements.

The narrative should be complete, clear, concise, logical and complete in structure. The background and past research information should be deleted, not including the author's future plans, to prevent literary decoration and useless narration;

⑤ If other people's work or research results are involved in the abstract, try to list their names;

⑥ Statements such as "number ××××", "equation ×××××" and "reference ×××××" cannot appear in the abstract, and special characters and mathematical expressions composed of special characters are not used, and words can be used for expression and narration when necessary;

The spelling of words can be spelled in English and American, but it must be consistent in every article;

⑧ Write in the third person, continuously, without dividing paragraphs;

Don't start with a number, Chinese and English must correspond.

Keywords include all the theme concepts of the paper, represent the main contents discussed in the literature, and are concise in purpose, method, result and conclusion. Keywords can be freely given according to the content of the paper, but they must be simple, common, clear in concept and highly specific (concrete), and try to avoid using uncommon and complicated words. Qualified abstracts are not only comprehensive in content, complete in elements, concise and to the point, but also try to incorporate simple, commonly used, clear in concept and highly specific keywords. Keywords should be able to reveal the central theme of the paper. Content summaries and keywords are divided into pages.