The selection of World Heritage is decided by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, which was established in 1976. The purpose of choosing world heritage is to appeal to human beings to cherish, protect, save and attach importance to these unique scenic spots on the earth.
World heritage is not only an honor, but also a golden signboard for tourism and a solemn commitment to heritage protection. When a world heritage is affected by natural disasters or man-made disasters, it can get the help of all mankind to rescue the disaster and preserve the original traces.
By the end of 2004, six conditions should be met for being selected as a world cultural heritage and four conditions should be met for being selected as a world natural heritage. In 2005, these conditions were adjusted into one group. The nominated heritage must have "outstanding and universal value" and meet one of the following ten conditions before it can be accepted.
Cultural standards:
First, it represents the masterpiece of human creative spirit;
Second, through architecture or technology, commemorative works of art, urban planning or landscape design, it shows the exchange of important humanistic values in a period or a cultural region;
3. Unique or at least very special, representing a cultural tradition or an existing or extinct civilization;
4. Representing a certain kind of architecture or technology, representing a certain period or several very important periods in human history;
5. It prominently represents the traditional way of life of human beings in one or several cultures, the way of using land or sea, or the interactive relationship between human beings and the environment, especially when this relationship is very fragile under irreversible changes;
Six, directly or explicitly with some events, realistic traditions, ideas, beliefs, cultural works or literary works with outstanding and universal value (the Committee believes that this standard needs to be well combined with other standards to distinguish it);
Natural standard:
Extreme natural phenomena or regions with special natural beauty or aesthetic importance;
Eight, highlight the main stages in the history of the earth, including biological records, ongoing geological processes leading to topographic changes or important geological or topographic features;
9. It is an important and continuous ecological and biological process in the evolution and development of terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems and flora and fauna communities;
Ten, including in situ conservation of the most important natural habitats of biodiversity, including those threatened species with universal value from the perspective of science or protection.
Useful links:
China World Heritage Network
wh.org/main.asp
UNESCO World Heritage Center (official website)
http://whc.unesco.org/
UNESCO World Heritage List (official website)
http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm? cid = 3 1
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World Heritage in Asia and Oceania
There are 2 16 world heritages in 38 countries in Asia, Oceania and Jerusalem (including transnational heritages 1), including cultural heritages 160, natural heritages/45 and dual cultural and natural heritages1.
In this list, C stands for cultural heritage, N stands for natural heritage and nc stands for dual heritage.
China (33 items)
There are 24 cultural heritages, 5 natural heritages and 4 double heritages.
Mount Tai (North Carolina, 1987)
The Great Wall (C, 1987)
Imperial Palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties (C, 1987, 2004): Beijing Imperial Palace (1987)- Shenyang Imperial Palace (2004).
Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes (C, 1987)
Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and Terracotta Warriors (C, 1987)
Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site (C, 1987)
Huangshan Mountain (north latitude 1990)
Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area (n, 1992)
Huanglong Scenic Area (North 1992)
Wulingyuan Scenic Area (n, 1992)
Chengde mountain resort and Waiba Temple (C, 1994)
Confucius Temple, Confucius Forest and Confucius House in Qufu (C, 1994)
Wudang Mountain Ancient Architecture Complex (C, 1994)
Historic buildings of Potala Palace in Lhasa (c, 1994, 2000, 200 1): Potala Palace (1994)- Jokhang Temple (2000)- Norbulingka (200 1).
Lushan National Park (C, 1996)
Giant Buddha in Emei Mountain and Leshan Mountain (nc, 1996)
Old Town of Lijiang (C, 1997)
Pingyao Ancient City (C, 1997)
Suzhou Classical Gardens (C, 1997,2000): Master of Nets Garden, Huanxiu Mountain Villa, Lingering Garden, Humble Administrator's Garden (1997)- Canglang Pavilion, Lion Forest, Art Garden, Lover's Garden and Retreat Garden (2000).
Summer Palace (C, 1998)
Temple of Heaven (C, 1998)
Wuyishan Scenic Area (nc, 1999)
Dazu Stone Carvings (C, 1999)
Qingchengshan and Dujiangyan (C, 2000)
Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui: Xidi and Hongcun (Middle, 2000)
Longmen Grottoes (2000)
Imperial tombs of the ming and qing dynasties (c, 2000, 2003, 2004): Ming Tombs, Qing Dongling, Qing Xiling (2000)- Ming Tombs, Ming Tombs (2003)- Shengjing Sanling (2004).
Yungang Grottoes (C, 200 1)
Yunnan Three Parallel Rivers Reserve (N, 2003)
Koguryo Imperial City, Mausoleum and Noble Tombs (C, 2004)
Macao Historic District (C, 2005)
Sichuan Giant Panda Habitat (N, 2006)
Yin Ruins in Anyang (C, 2006)
Afghanistan (2 projects)
Two cultural heritages.
Minarets and archaeological sites in Jam (C, 2002)
Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Sites in Bamiyan Valley (C, 2003)
Armenia (3 projects)
Three major cultural heritages.
Hagupat Monastery and Sanashin Monastery
Church of Echemi A Jin and archaeological site of ZWalteno (circa 2000).
Gegard Monastery and Upper Azat Valley (circa 2000)
Australia (Project 16)
1 cultural heritage, 1 1 natural heritage, 4 double heritage.
Kakadu national park (nc, 198 1 year, 1987, 1992).
Great Barrier Reef (n, 198 1 year)
Wailandra Lake (North Carolina, 198 1 year)
Tasmanian wilderness (North Carolina, 1982, 1989)
Lord Howe Islands (North 1982)
Eastern Australia Rainforest Reserve (N 1986, W 1994)
Lu Lu-Catachuta National Park (North Carolina, 1987, 1994)
Rainforest in Queensland (N 1988)
Shark Bay in Western Australia (n, 199 1 year)
Finser Island (N 1992)
Australian Mammal Fossil Site (n, 1994)
Hede Island and McDonnell Islands (n, 1997)
Macquarie island (N 1997)
Da lanshan district (North, 2000)
Bonu Lu Lu badminton National Park (North, 2003)
Royal Exhibition Hall and Carlton Garden (C, 2004)
Azerbaijan (project 1)
1 cultural heritage.
The ancient city of Baku and the Silfan Palace and Maiden Tower in the city (circa 2000)
Bahrain (project 1)
1 cultural heritage.
Archaeological Site of Bahrain Trade Port (C, 2005)
Bangladesh (3 projects)
2 cultural heritages and 1 natural heritages.
Ancient Mosque City in Hade, Bachel (about 1985)
Buddhist Temple Site in Bahapal (C, 1985)
Sundarbans (n, 1997)
Cambodia (1 item)
1 cultural heritage.
Angkor monuments (c, 1992)
Cypress (3 pieces)
Three major cultural heritages.
Paphos (C, 1980)
Painted Church in Trodos (C,1985,2001)
Joey Luktia (C, 1998)
North Korea (project 1)
1 cultural heritage.
Koguryo Tombs (C, 2004)
Georgia (3 projects)
Three major cultural heritages.
The Ancient City of Mxieta (A.D. 1994)
Bagration Cathedral and Monastery (C, 1994)
Upper Svaneti (C, 1996)
India (26 items)
2 1 cultural heritage, 5 natural heritage.
Ajantao Grottoes (C, 1983)
Iirola Grottoes (C, 1983)
Agra Castle (C, 1983)
Taj Mahal (BC 1983)
Korneck Sun Temple (C, 1984)
Habberley blom Monument Group (C, 1984)
Gazilan Canada National Park (N, 1985)
Manas wildlife reserve (n, 1985)
Keoladeo National Park (n, 1985)
Churches and monasteries in Goa (C, 1986)
Kejulaho Monument Group (C, 1986)
Hemby Monument Group (C, 1986)
Fatah Bur Sigri (C, 1986)
Patadaka Monument Group (C, 1987)
Erfenda Grottoes (C, 1987)
Existing temples in the Ten-Luo Dynasty (about 1987, 2004): Brahaddiswara Temple in Tanjawur (1987)- Swaram Temple in Kangda Qiuli, Kang Kai, and Elawad Svahla Temple in Dala Sullam (2004).
Sunderbans National Park (n, 1987)
South Dawei Mountain National Park and Ancient Painting National Park (n, 1988, 2005): South Dawei Mountain National Park (1988)- Ancient Painting National Park (2005)
Buddhist Monuments in Shan Zhi (C, 1989)
Humayong Mausoleum in Delhi (C, 1993)
Gupta and its surrounding buildings in Delhi
Mountain Railways in India (C, 1999, 2005): Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (1999)- Nigiri Mountain Railway (2005).
Maha Bordet Ji of Bodhgaya (C, 2002)
Bimo Bekaert Cave (C, 2003)
Chambon-Bawagard Archaeological Park (C, 2004)
Jatrapati? Shivaji Wharf (C, 2004)
Indonesia (7 items)
3 cultural heritages and 4 natural heritages.
Borobudur Temple Group (C, 199 1 year)
Wuqiongkulong National Park (n, 199 1 year)
Komodo National Park (n, 199 1 year)
Temple Group in Banan, Balan (c, 199 1 year)
Sangjilan Early Human Site (C, 1996)
Lorenz national park (n, 1999)
Sumatra Rainforest (N, 2004)
Iran (8 items)
Eight cultural heritages.
Jiao Gaza's bill (C, 1979)
Persepolis (c, 1979)
Imam Square in Isfahan (C, 1979)
Tackett Suleiman (C, 2003)
Pasalgard (C, 2004)
Bam Ancient City and Cultural Landscape (C, 2004)
Soltanieh (c, 2005)
Bethesden (C, 2006)
Iraq (2 projects)
Two cultural heritages.
Hatra (C, 1985)
The Ancient City of Assyria (2003 BC)
Israel (5 projects)
Five cultural heritages.
Masaad (c, 200 1)
Also known as the ancient city (c, 200 1)
Tel Aviv Baicheng (C, 2003)
Biblical Monuments in Megiddo, Hazor and Beersheba (2005)
Spice Road City in Negev Desert (C, 2005)
Japan (Project 13)
10 cultural heritage and 3 natural heritages.
Buddhist Architecture in Horyuji (C, 1993)
Himeji City (C, 1993)
Yakushima (zip code: 1993)
Baishen Mountain (North 1993)
Historical sites of ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu) (C, 1994)
A village composed of Shirakawa Township and Wuzuo Mountain (C, 1995)
Hiroshima Peace Monument (Atomic Dome) (C, 1996)
Yandao Shrine (C, 1996)
Historic Site of Gonnala (C, 1998)
Temples and temples in the sun (C, 1999)
Ruins of Imperial City in Ryukyu Kingdom and Related Relics (AD 2000)
Holy Places and Places of Worship in Jiyi Mountain (C, 2004)
Zhichuang Peninsula (N, 2005)
Jerusalem (project 1)
1 cultural heritage.
The Ancient City of Jerusalem and Its Walls (BC 198 1 year)
Note: Announced by Jordan.
Jordan (3 projects)
Three major cultural heritages.
Petra (C, 1985)
Kulzer Amra (C, 1985)
Umm Reisas (c, 2004)
Kazakhstan (2 projects)
Two cultural heritages.
Hoja？ Ahmed. Yasavi Mausoleum (C, 2003)
Lithography of Archaeological Landscape in Tangri (C, 2004)
Laos (2 items)
Two cultural heritages.
The ancient city of Luang Prabang (A.D. 1995)
Zhancheng Cultural Landscape Area (C, 200 1)
Lebanon (5 projects)
Five cultural heritages.
Angel (C, 1984)
Baalbek (c, 1984)
Than Broussy (c, 1984)
Tell (c, 1984)
Sacred valley and sacred mountain forest (C, 1998)
Malaysia (2 items)
Two natural heritages.
Kinabalu Park (Northern Ireland, 2000)
Muru National Park (N, 2000)
Mongolia (2 projects)
1 cultural heritage and 1 natural heritage. (where 1 is related to Russia * * *).
Ubusu Basin (N, 2003) (with Russia * * *)
Cultural Landscape of Erhun Gorge (C, 2004)
Nepal (4 projects)
2 cultural heritages and 2 natural heritages.
Mata National Park in sagar (N, 1979)
Kathmandu Valley (C, 1979)
Royal Chitwan National Park (zip code: 1984)
Lumbini Garden, the birthplace of Buddha (about 1997)
New Zealand (3 items)
2 natural heritages and 1 double heritages.
East Galilo National Park (North Carolina, 1990, 1993)
Tiwahipnamu in southwest New Zealand (north latitude 1990).
New Zealand's Sub-Antarctic Islands (N 1998)
Oman (5 items)
4 cultural heritages and 1 natural heritages.
Fort White Crane (C, 1987)
Archaeological sites in Bat, Hutum and Al Ain (about 1988)
Arabian antelope reserve (zip code: 1994)
The Road of Frankincense (C, 2000)
Avraja Irrigation System (C, 2006)
Pakistan (6 items)
Six cultural heritages.
Archaeological site of Mohenjodaro (BC 1980)
Tachila (C, 1980)
Buddhist relics in Tate Bashi, and nearby ruins of Luogu Town in Sarback (about 1980).
Historical Relics of Tianjin Development Zone (C, 198 1 year)
The Old Castle and Xialimar Garden in Lahore (C, 198 1)
Rochdas Castle (C, 1997)
Philippines (5 projects)
3 cultural heritages and 2 natural heritages.
Tubataha Coral Reef Marine Park (North 1993)
Baroque churches in the Philippines
Rice terraces in Cordillera Mountains, Philippines
Ancient city of Wigan (C, 1999)
Puerto Princesa Underground River National Park (zip code: 1999)
Korea (7 projects)
Seven cultural heritages.
Stone Temple and Buddhist Temple (C, 1995)
Haiyin Temple 80,000 Tripitaka Collection (C, 1995)
Ancestral Temple (C, 1995)
Changde Palace Complex (C, 1997)
Shui Yuan Flower City (C, 1997)
Gyeongju Historic Area (2000)
Ancient Tomb Sites in Gaochang, Heshun and Jianghua (2000)
Solomon Islands (project 1)
1 natural heritage.
Nell Island, East London (North 1998)
Sri Lanka (7 projects)
6 cultural heritages and 1 natural heritages.
The Holy City of Anura Depreux (A.D. 1982)
Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Naruwo Ancient City (C, 1982)
The ancient city of Sigiria (C, 1982)
Singharaj Jijia Forest Reserve (North 1988)
Holy City of Kandy (C, 1988)
Galle Ancient City and its Castle (C, 1988)
Danbulijin Temple (C, 199 1 year)
Syria (5 projects)
Five cultural heritages.
The Ancient City of Damascus (A.D. 1979)
The Ancient City of Busla (C, 1980)
Baal Milla Site (C, 1980)
The Ancient City of Aleppo (BC 1986)
Crusader Fortress and Kalat Salahuddin Castle
Thailand (5 items)
3 cultural heritages and 2 natural heritages.
Suketai Ancient Town and Its Adjacent Ancient Towns (C, 199 1 year)
Dacheng Ancient Town and Its Surrounding Ancient Towns (C, 199 1 year)
Ai Tong-Huica Ken Wildlife Sanctuary (n, 199 1 year)
Banjiang Archaeological Site (C, 1992)
Dongba Yeyanshan-Kauai Mountain Forest Reserve (N, 2005)
Turkey (9 projects)
7 cultural heritages and 2 dual heritages.
Istanbul Historic District (C, 1985)
Goremei National Park and Capadocia Grottoes (nc, 1985)
Grand Mosque and Hospital in Diffriyi (C, 1985)
Hatushash (C, 1986)
Nemrudag (C, 1987)
Sansos-Leiden (C, 1988)
Repolis-Calais, Pamuk (North Carolina, 1988)
Saffronbolu City (C, 1994)
Archaeological site of troy (BC 1998)
Turkmenistan (2 projects)
Two cultural heritages.
Melf National Historical and Cultural Park (C, 1999)
Cunha-urgench (C, 2005)
Uzbekistan (4 projects)
Four major cultural heritages.
Icahn Kara (C, 1990)
Bukhara Historical Center (C, 1993)
Shahristabuz Historical Center (C, 2000)
Samarkand-a place where cultures meet.
Vietnam (5 items)
3 cultural heritages and 2 natural heritages.
Hue Historic Building (C, 1993)
Halong Bay (North1994,2000)
Hui 'an Ancient Town (C, 1999)
Meishan Holy Land (C, 1999)
Feng Ya-Gebang National Park (N, 2003)
Yemen (3 projects)
Three major cultural heritages.
Shiba Ancient City (C, 1982)
The Ancient City of Sana 'a (C, 1986)
Ancient city of Zabid (C, 1993)