Scientific papers are referred to as scientific papers. Generally, it includes: scientific papers, academic papers, graduation papers and degree papers (also divided into bachelor's, master's and doctoral papers). On the basis of scientific research and experiments, scientific papers are written to study, analyze and expound some phenomena or problems in natural science and professional technology, and to reveal the essence and regularity of these phenomena and problems. In other words, all articles that use logical thinking means such as concepts, judgments, reasoning, argumentation and refutation to analyze and clarify the principles, laws and various problems of natural science belong to the category of scientific and technological papers.

Scientific papers are mainly used to describe scientific and technological research and its achievements, which are the embodiment of research achievements. Use them to popularize achievements, exchange information and promote the development of science and technology. Their publication marks the level of research work, is recognized by the society, is loaded into the treasure house of human knowledge, and becomes spiritual wealth enjoyed by people. Scientific papers are also an important criterion for evaluating the performance of scientific and technological personnel.

Second, the characteristics of scientific papers

1, academic

Academics are also called theories. Scientific papers are purely academic articles. It requires scientific analysis, rigorous demonstration and abstract generalization of new problems in the field of natural science by using scientific principles and methods. Although it is based on a research project, an experiment, the development of a new product, etc. It is by no means a description of the appearance and process of objective things, nor is it a factual narrative. But through refining, processing and theoretical explanation. It can be seen that academic nature is the most basic feature of scientific papers.

2. Creativity

The fundamental criterion to measure the value of scientific papers lies in their creativity. If there are no new creations, new insights, new discoveries and new inventions, there is no need to write a paper. Because the purpose of scientific research is to create. As a scientific research achievement, the task of a paper is to carry out academic exchanges and realize its scientific value. It can be seen that if the vast number of scientific and technological personnel can only inherit but not create, human civilization and history will not develop.

Third, the topic selection of scientific papers

The topic selection of scientific and technological papers is to determine the direction of specialization and clearly solve the main problems. The selection of topics should not be based on personal interests or temporary enthusiasm, but should be based on the reality of the "four modernizations" construction, and select those valuable topics that can promote the development of science and technology, or that need to be solved urgently in production, construction and people's lives. How to choose?

1, choose the subject that needs to be solved urgently in this discipline.

All kinds of natural disciplines have some problems that need to be solved urgently. Some are important issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood, some are key issues in the development of this discipline, and some are problems that need to be solved urgently at present. Therefore, we must adhere to the direction of serving socialist modernization and choose these urgent problems.

2. Choose the frontier discipline of this discipline.

All scientific discoveries, inventions and creations are of great scientific value and will certainly promote the development of science and technology. Therefore, we should be innovative in selecting topics and choose those topics that are at the forefront and have great scientific value for the development of this discipline. After painstaking research, it has achieved original results and made new contributions to the development of human science and technology.

3. Choose a topic that is expected to achieve the desired effect.

We must avoid the blindness of topic selection. Choose those topics that can give full play to my professional expertise and are conducive to development. Or choose a topic that you are familiar with or interested in. This way, you can give full play to your personal advantages. If the topic size is moderate and the breakthrough is chosen correctly, the ideal effect can be achieved.

4. Pay attention to the feasibility of choosing a topic.

Subjective and objective conditions should be considered when choosing a topic, and these conditions can only be achieved through hard work. Specific performance in the following three aspects:

(1) is feasible in scientific principles, and it must not violate the laws of nature and scientific principles.

(2) Considering the knowledge level and scientific research ability of researchers, we should not be greedy or even exceed the actual ability of individuals.

(3) Consider the feasibility of research funds, experimental sites (places), instruments and equipment, testing methods and other conditions. You can't blindly get on the horse regardless of conditions. Beginners should not choose too large a topic or too wide a range, otherwise it will be very difficult and difficult to complete, and it will be easy to write if the topic is small. As long as the writing method is correct, the thinking is correct and the topic is small, you can write the topic thoroughly. Such a paper still has high value.

Fourthly, the basic structure of scientific papers.

With the rapid development of science and technology, a large number of scientific papers are published, which increasingly requires the authors to express their research process and achievements with a standardized and standardized fixed structure model (that is, a general format). This general structural form is the expression and law of paper writing summarized by people through long-term practice. This structural form is the clearest and easiest way to express scientific research results. Its general basic format consists of the following items:

1, title

When selecting and determining the titles of scientific papers, we should not only follow the above methods, but also use as few subtitles as possible. At the same time, this title can't be used in literary language after artistic processing, let alone in slogan titles. Its basic requirement is to be eye-catching and clearly summarize the central theme of the article in order to attract readers' attention. The titles of scientific papers should avoid using symbols and special terms, and should use commonly used popular words, so that experts or peers in this discipline can see at a glance, and people in other disciplines and people with a certain level of education can understand them, which is conducive to communication and dissemination.

2, the author and his work unit

This project mainly embodies the author's literary spirit and records the author's hard work and dedication to the cause of human science and technology. Therefore, if you publish a paper, you must sign the author. When signing, you can use the collective name or the individual name. Personal signature only uses real name, pen name and pseudonym are not allowed. And indicate the work unit and address. For contact.

As the research work of modern science and technology tends to be comprehensive and socialized, more people need to participate in the research. When signing, signatures can be sorted by contribution. Those who only participate in a certain part or experiment and give support to the research work are no longer signed, and can be stated in the thank you.