First, change the surname to win (Li → Li, surname)
Li's ancestor was Emperor Zhuan Xu, who won the surname. Zhuan Xu clan was originally a Dongyi clan, which moved to Diqiu (now southwest of Xiyang, Henan Province) in the early days. By the time of Tang Yao, Zhuan Xu tribes were divided into eight clans, one of which was Tingjian clan, and its leader was Dali official (judicial officer) Hao Tao. His son Boyi is in charge of managing kindling and taming birds and animals. Because of his meritorious service in helping Dayu control water, he was given the surname of Won.
Since then, his heirs and grandchildren have inherited the Dali position of his ancestor Hao Tao. The Xia Dynasty took the official position as the surname and changed the surname won to Li. At the end of Shang Dynasty, Minister Li Zheng was killed for his integrity and daring to openly oppose Zhou Wang. His son Loretta Lee lives in seclusion near Yishui, Song County, western Henan Province. When he is hungry, he lives by eating plums from trees. So he changed his surname to Li and became the ancestor of Li.
Li Zhen also married the daughter of the Qihe family, gave birth to her eldest ancestor, Dr. Chen, who lived in Guxian (now Henan). Therefore, Lao Tzu's hometown is also Li's birthplace. According to Yuan He's surname compilation, Loretta Lee's 1 1 grandson is Li Er. "Historical Records Biography of Laozi" contains: "Laozi is from Qurenli, Lai Township, Chuguoku County." Li Er is the ancestor of Li's descendants and the earliest recorded person named Li in the existing history books.
Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Li,. Made of wood. Zisheng. Nice stop. One. It's homophonic with Li. Therefore, luggage is different from luggage, and Dali is difficult to distinguish. " It can also be seen that the ancient "ceremony" and "ceremony" are universal.
"Lu Chunqiu Qiu Meng" has a high note: "Therefore, the prison officer also." "Guanzi Big Mine" Note: "Li, the prison officer also. Li and Li Tong. " Historical Records Tianguanshu Index: "Li is right, so is the judge." In addition, Li Jue of Jin State, Li Kui of Wei State and Li Si of Qin State were engaged in judicial work in the pre-Qin period. The achievements of these Li people may be related to the judicial work of their ancestors.
Second, Ji changed her surname (descendants of the eight-character country)
During the Shang Dynasty, Ba, a descendant of Zhou, settled in Zhong (now northwest of Changyang County, Hubei Province). After the destruction of commerce, the Ba people were sealed in Ba (now Banan District of Chongqing), so there was the Ba Zi State. In 3 16 BC, the Qin Dynasty destroyed the Bazi State, and some Ba people stayed in Chongqing and became Rong people, while those who moved south to Xiangxi became Wu Lingren, and those who moved east to Hubei were called Jiangxia people and Wushui people. The Ba people take tigers as their totems. They pronounced tiger lǐ and changed her surname to Li according to her pronunciation. In 303 AD, the Ba people named Li established a big country in Sichuan, which was the first dynasty established by Li in China, and later died in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It has a history of more than 2800 years.
Third, the emperor gave his surname, and a few changed it.
There are many Li surnames among the ethnic minorities in southwest China. Among them is the post-Shang Dynasty, which was given by the emperor. More importantly, with the development of history, some ethnic minorities advocate the Han surname and change their surnames automatically. For example, Xu Postscript, a famous Tang Dynasty soldier, was named Li by Emperor Taizong for his outstanding exploits. Since the "Yongjia Rebellion" in the 3rd century, social unrest, group fights and ethnic minorities have taken advantage of the gap to enter the Central Plains. Since then, the residents of the Central Plains have begun to integrate with a large number of ethnic minorities in the northwest and north. Li's surname is like this, and so are other surnames. Li's surname is mainly integrated with the genes of gangnv and Xianbei people. For example, the peoples such as Shatuo, Yue Hui, Qidan, Gaoche and Xu Tu in the Tang Dynasty, as well as foreigners such as Jews, Persians, rest people and Koreans. In the subsequent history, this integration never stopped. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were Tangut and Nuzhen in Xixia, Mongolia and Manchu in the Ming Dynasty, Tusi in the northwest and aborigines in the southwest, all of whom changed their surnames to Li. This is an important reason why Li's surname developed rapidly and became the largest surname in contemporary times.
China surname dictionary, 20 12, China international literature and art publishing house.
Li longhai The origin of Li surname and its spread in Fujian and Taiwan [J]. Journal of Shangqiu Teachers College, 2009,25 (11): 69-73.
[conference paper]? Zhang Jingzhi -2005 International Symposium on Promoting Laozi Culture?
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