The first part of teachers' personal academic papers
Teacher's role expectation
Teachers' role expectations and norms have gradually evolved with the development of society and the deepening of people's understanding of education. Different subjects and perspectives have different expectations for the role of teachers. In a certain social and historical background, there is also a * * * understanding of teachers' role expectations.
Keywords: teachers; Role; Role expectation
Role refers to a set of expectations and norms for people who assume specific positions in the social structure, expecting the possible performance of a role and how it should be performed. As a professional profession, teachers' role identity has gradually developed with the development of society, the progress of civilization and the deepening of people's understanding of education, and people's expectation of teachers' role has also undergone profound changes with the development of society.
First, the deepening of the role of teachers
? Teachers are the most glorious profession under the sun? He embodies the function of practitioner education and cultivates socialized individuals who actively participate in social life, adapt to and promote social development. With the development of social productive forces and the deepening of education, teachers' role consciousness has gradually evolved and emerged.
In the early days of human society, due to the low level of productivity development, education was far from life, and there was no independent education and specialized teachers. With the development of social production, differentiated and independent specialized teachers have appeared in education. But in a stable agricultural society, education cares about the infiltration of job-hunting skills, traditions and values. This kind of education is inseparable from social, political and religious issues, which has caused its original special problems. Like being alone? Human dependence? Like social form, education is still an accessory. The role of teachers has not been widely recognized.
When social productive forces develop to a certain level, especially the emergence of industrial revolution and factory system, it is natural to require education to transmit increasingly rich knowledge and skills to more and more people, because the production process of machine industry needs more updated skilled workers. ? The nature of the machine industry? The objective requirements for workers' knowledge and skills are inevitably reflected in teachers' requirements for students' knowledge and skills. At the same time, in order to maintain the stability and authority of the ruling class, teachers must convey the values and spiritual traditions that safeguard the interests of the ruling class. Although people have begun to realize the role of teachers in the development of social production and the cultivation of children, the transmission of knowledge, skills, traditions and values has produced strict, authoritative and academic disciplines, which has also established an authoritative teacher-student relationship. Is it still popular in most schools in the world? [1] This typical authoritative relationship between teachers and students makes teachers and students become the relationship between ruling and being ruled, thus solidifying and simplifying the role of teachers. With the further development of large-scale industry, scientific knowledge and technology are growing rapidly in geometric series. It is impossible and unnecessary to teach all the experience, knowledge, skills and traditions accumulated by human beings to students. ? Everyone agrees that education should devote less attention to transmitting and storing knowledge (although we should be careful not to exaggerate this point) and should work harder to find ways to acquire knowledge (learn how to learn)? [2] The role of teachers has gradually changed from simple knowledge imparting to knowledge transmitting and ability training.
Entering the modern society, with the rapid development of science and technology, the interdependence of the world in economy, science, culture and politics is deepening, and the world is becoming more and more? Global village? . This interdependent development also exposes the tension caused by various unbalanced phenomena (such as between the rich and the poor, between tradition and modernity, between the global and local, between the universal and the individual), and people are increasingly aware that education plays an increasingly important role in the political, economic, cultural and life fields of modern society. Besides, in the face of the wave of new technological revolution, right? Teacher role? Our understanding can't just stop at teachers' reappearance of existing social relations in the existing society, and simply impart the confirmed knowledge, skills and values. Prepare a rigid function, a fixed situation, a temporary existence, a special industry or a specific post, and instill traditional knowledge that belongs to the old category? On the contrary, it should be deepened and expanded. Students should not only study the past, but also face the future. Learn to live and learn to learn, so as to absorb new knowledge for life; Learn to think freely and critically; Learn to love the world and make it more human; Learn to promote development through creative work in the process of creation? . [3] Is that Jacques? The four pillars of education pointed out in the Delauer Report are: learning to recognize, learning to do things, learning to live together and learning to survive. Therefore, teachers must adapt to the new relationship between teachers and students, and their roles should be changed from? Solo？ Evolved into? Accompanier? Shift the focus from spreading knowledge and cultivating ability to helping students seek, organize and apply knowledge, guide students instead of casting them, and strengthen the basic values that guide them for life, so that students can benefit for life. The role of teachers deepens with the progress of productive forces and the development of science, and adapts to the changes of society and education.
Second, the role of modern teachers and expectations
Teachers' role expectations include teachers themselves, education administrators, parents and students; Social, historical, modern and future people have different expectations because of different levels of social development, different social class interests, different values, different spiritual traditions and lifestyles.
In modern society, due to the rapid development of science and technology, people's understanding of the world seems clearer and more vague, and they are at a crossroads of civilization that is more severe than ever before. People are increasingly aware of the importance of education in the sustainable development of people and society. ? Although education is not a panacea for all social ills, it is often an effective way for us to overcome challenges and achieve equal development? ,[4]? Is the main means to promote the more harmonious and reliable development of mankind, and to reduce poverty, exclusion, incomprehension, oppression, war and other phenomena? . [5] Teachers train students to become future social people, in order to enable students to adapt to the ever-changing society and promote the development of human society and the progress of civilization. Therefore, the expectation of the role of modern teachers has reached a certain level.
1. Teachers should become teaching artists and know what to teach, so teach and how to teach. Teaching is a special cognitive and developmental activity. In this unique transformation activity, teachers must: ① purposefully intervene in other people's lives; ② The freedom of teaching activities is small; (3) Making decisions under unpredictable circumstances; (4) All participants are beneficially affected; (5) bear the moral responsibility of spreading values. In the practice of intersubjectivity between teachers and students, teachers must consider students' physical and mental development level, choose appropriate teaching conditions and technical means according to classroom content, implement teaching and infiltrate value. In fact, it is an artistic process of constantly processing teaching materials and artistically handling teaching situations. To complete this artistic process, teachers must have knowledge and skills in at least eight fields: ① the characteristics and development cycle of children and adolescents; ② People's learning styles and methods; ③ Conceptual structure, methods of generalization and exploration, examples of comprehensive knowledge and professional knowledge of various disciplines; ④ Teaching methods; ⑤ Learning objectives of cognition, emotion and psychological movement; ⑥ Values and attitudes conducive to learning and improving interpersonal relationships; ⑦ Ability to talk, solve and reduce contradictions, handle interpersonal relationships and make decisions; 8 Skills Combine the above seven categories with each other. [6] Therefore, teachers must be teaching artists and have the ability of artists in language and action. 2. Teachers should be the guides of students' future life. The information society makes the range of human activities internationalized, and the trend of global interdependence is becoming more and more obvious. However, the imbalance of development has made the world a world with increasing tensions and crises. How to adapt to the unity and cooperation of the global village and promote the progress of social civilization has demanded that education should not only be satisfied with letting people accept the traditional values formed in the past, so as to integrate them. How should he deal with it? What are we living together for? What to do to answer this question. When teachers impart new knowledge and choose information, they should put them under certain conditions and in the future life scene, so that students can establish contact between knowledge and broader background and problems, so that students can learn to correctly observe and analyze various things on the basis of understanding the changing culture as much as possible, treat a large amount of circulating information with a critical spirit, go beyond the simplified or distorted views sometimes provided by the media, and truly understand what has happened. This more clearly shows the irreplaceable role of teachers in cultivating judgment than ever before, thus helping students understand this turbulent world very beneficially. Knowing yourself, others and the world can lead people to seek what is announced in the constitution of UNESCO? The unity of human reason and morality? * * * with value; Guide students to adapt to the changing life of our future society.
3. Teachers should cultivate students' scientific spirit and humanistic quality. In modern society, science and technology have become the primary productive force, and social production and social life are increasingly dependent on production technology. The rapid development of science and technology has brought people great material wealth and living space. The development of science and technology and the emphasis on scientific spirit in teaching have received universal attention from all countries. At the same time, the greedy and predatory use of science and technology has also caused a series of well-known disastrous consequences, such as war massacre, terrorist activities, exclusion, deprivation, poverty, ecological destruction and so on. These also make people begin to notice that one-sided scientism is not desirable and education is still desirable. From the world of things to the world of personality? Move towards scientific humanism, eliminate the opposition between scientism and humanism, and emphasize the combination of science and humanism. In modern society, teachers should pay special attention to the cultivation of students' scientific spirit and humanistic quality.
4. Teachers are the promoters of students' all-round development. ? The purpose of human development is to improve people; Make his personality rich and colorful, and his expression complex and diverse; Let him bear different responsibilities as a person, as a member of family and society, as a citizen and producer, as an inventor of technology and as a creative idealist? . [7] This objective requirement of all-round development is only possible under the conditions that modern society provides a broad material foundation, people-to-people and people-to-society exchanges and exchanges continue to expand and deepen, social life is rich and colorful, and education experiences are constantly accumulated. Fantasy science practice? The historical background has already illustrated this point. People who have developed into modern society have reached a new height in their understanding and transformation of the objective world, their understanding of themselves and their grasp of active development. They are not only restricted by modern production and social relations, but also give full play to their ability to create, sublate and transcend existing conditions, and then show their strength and value at a higher level, representing? Free personality? . Modern education should cultivate students? It seems more important than ever to ensure that everyone enjoys the freedom of thought, judgment, emotion and imagination needed to give full play to their talents, and take control of their own destiny as firmly as possible? . [8] In educational activities, teachers must reflect the objective requirements of modern society and people themselves for the all-round development of people, cultivate students' independent and critical ideology and judgment ability, and develop their own personality, so that their growing autonomy, judgment and personal responsibility come from what I should do.
5. Teachers should be participants and promoters of educational reform. In order to improve the quality of education and reflect the objective requirements of modern society, the wave of global education reform has been considerable, but no matter what kind of education reform is inseparable from the participation of teachers. The reform of educational objectives, educational structure, educational contents and methods reflecting social development needs teachers to carry out, operate and implement. Moreover, the problems of change and stability, inheritance and development in the process of educational reform, especially the traditional spirit and modern values, need teachers to deepen rationally in educational practice to ensure the rational consciousness and smooth implementation of educational reform. Educational reform against teachers' wishes or without teachers' participation has never been successful? . [9] Education reform should not and cannot ignore the existence of teachers.
6. Teachers should become the main body of self-professional growth. Modern education is not only available to everyone, but also a part of everyone's life. For people, it has become a complete and lifelong experience, not just a certain period of time, but a lifetime. The view that one-time training can benefit endlessly is no longer appropriate, and teachers themselves have a process of lifelong learning and continuous improvement of their professional growth. Modern society has higher and higher expectations for teachers. Teachers are expected to give full play to their roles and benefit from students' thoughts for life. Teachers are also required to adapt to the ever-changing society, constantly improve their self-cultivation and develop into expert teachers in order to cultivate students' corresponding qualities.
People have a lot of expectations for teachers, and the requirements that should be met seem limitless. In real life, the problems of teachers are very prominent (such as the imbalance of teachers' structure, working conditions and social and economic status, as well as teachers' outdated knowledge and backward concepts, which urgently need training and further improvement, etc.). ), which is not conducive to the full play of teachers' roles and functions. This requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society to improve teachers' qualifications, status, training and working conditions. ? Only when teachers have the required knowledge and skills, personal qualities, career prospects and working ability can they meet their expectations? . [ 10]
[References]
Editor of UNESCO.
[2] Edited by UNESCO.
[3][ America] Fan Scold, Kraft, Haas. Prospect of American Institute of Basic Education [M]. Beijing: Education Science Press, 1984.327-328.
The second part of teachers' personal academic papers
Teacher culture construction
Abstract: The construction of teacher culture is of great significance to teaching and educating people. Because teachers play an important and subtle influence and demonstration role on students. At present, the educational reform of various schools has made gratifying progress in teaching materials, teaching equipment and teaching management system, but many schools have more or less various problems in cultural soft environment, which are reflected in students' knowledge structure and personality quality. Teachers have the responsibility to create a soft cultural environment. Therefore, the construction of teacher culture is very important.
Keywords: teacher culture construction, cultural soft environment
Everything is long, the people are the biggest, and education comes first. Teachers are the soul of the teaching world. The teaching profession is leading. Teachers' knowledge, personality, knowledge structure, behavior habits and personality charm all directly affect the formation of students' comprehensive cultural quality. Therefore, teachers' cultural literacy is directly related to the quality of their products-students. Strengthening the construction of teacher culture is the primary task of teaching and educating people. The construction of teacher culture is not simply to improve teachers' professional knowledge level, but also includes teachers' appearance, language, wisdom, rigorous scholarship and broad mind.
I. Instruments
Teachers' appearance is the professional image of educators in teaching, which expresses the professional aesthetic feeling and aesthetic requirements for the whole teaching process. This not only refers to the dress, but also includes its voice, appearance, gestures and so on. It is a symbol of teachers' moral cultivation and knowledge and ability. It is a silent horn, arousing students' attention to knowledge and listening to teaching. As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students began to evaluate the teacher's appearance. If teachers are sloppy, careless, listless, dull, dull in expression and dull in language and knowledge, this will not only not arouse students' enthusiasm for learning, but will affect or interfere with students' learning mood, making them bored, and some may fall asleep or go their own way. Similarly, gorgeous clothes, topless breasts and heavy makeup can not only arouse students' interest in learning, but also distract them, let alone win their admiration. Then, if teachers are cheerful, full of emotion, energetic, smiling, dignified in dress, elegant in temperament and superb in teaching art, they will attract messy eyes like magnets, thus guiding students to swim in the ocean of learning and complete teaching tasks in a harmonious atmosphere.
Zheng Banqiao in Qing Dynasty wrote a poem about bamboo:? A branch and a leaf are always related to love? Move it to the teacher's instrument, can't you say it? A suit and a decoration are always concerned? 、? Everything is for love? Really? Therefore, we can't treat it as fur, details and sections. We should pay attention to gfd, pay attention to small things, be strict with ourselves everywhere, stand and sit, form good habits, and give people a beautiful rendering.
Second, language.
Teacher's evaluation is an irreplaceable tool, which affects students' minds. The so-called: the heart depends on words, and words are the heart.
Language is the source of thinking, the coat of elegance, the messenger of the soul and the medium of communication.
In the process of imparting scientific knowledge, teachers should use accurate, concise, incisive and clear language, not vague, slow and ambiguous. If teachers impart knowledge inaccurately, the key points and difficulties are not clear and prominent, or they procrastinate, they will not achieve the purpose of preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts, and will not be welcomed by students.
Teachers should be sincere, kind and subtle when pointing out the maze and guiding students. For example, a class teacher found that a student in the class loved playing games instead of studying, and failed three courses in the final exam. Later, the class teacher talked to the students, but the students thought they would suffer? A hail of bullets? I didn't expect the teacher to talk to him about his daily life. Finally, I spoke to him earnestly, which made him cry and said excitedly. Teacher, I get it. Be sure to change it in the future! Thank you! ? After that, I bowed deeply to the teacher. From then on, he bid farewell to the game, concentrated on his studies, and his grades continued to improve, and he achieved excellent results in every course.
The teacher's sincere words are like bells, which can make the lost students turn back and repent.
Third, the wisdom of extensive knowledge.
Every class of a teacher is not only a display of his wisdom, but also a test of his wisdom, knowledge level and teaching art, and students are the judges of this process. An excellent teacher should have profound knowledge and skilled application ability. In order to make every class wonderful, teachers need to read a lot of materials, study teaching methods and try to figure out students after class, so as to attract students to follow them in the ocean of knowledge.
Fourth, rigorous scholarship and tireless teaching.
Be a model and be strict. Strictness is a special way of love, which is different from gentle and drizzling love. Jade needs carving to become a great tool. Strict love for teachers is a great strength and a powerful pillar of steel-making and jade cutting. However, strictness does not mean that students are subjected to corporal punishment, personal humiliation, beating and cursing, or even affect their lives, resulting in lifelong regret. This is not love, this is an emotional catharsis. This is the physical and mental destruction of students.
Be strict with yourself, moderate, orderly, constant and law-abiding. Don't cross the line, otherwise it will be counterproductive.
As a teacher, you should be diligent in teaching others. Teachers are not only disseminators of knowledge, but also leaders of students. In the process of teaching and educating people, teachers should have a sense of responsibility, just like a never-ending clock, working tirelessly day and night. Sometimes, in order to explain a sentence and demonstrate a problem, I will forget to go off work, forget to eat, and even take the trouble to come from a distant hometown to help students solve a small thing. In the silent night, everyone else has fallen asleep. In the light, only the teacher is still working at his desk.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) broad-minded.
Teachers are human beings, and they also have emotions, but these should not be revealed in front of students, let alone vent their unhappy emotions on students. Some teachers live in cubicles, but never complain; Never discouraged by setbacks; Get up early and be late, and don't pay; I have worked hard for my post, even at the fork in the road where family, children and classes and students need to choose, I have not hesitated to choose the latter. Treating students' shortcomings and mistakes is to be reasonable, to be reasonable, to be persuasive and to inculcate.
Teachers should have dedication. Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night. The teaching profession is sacred and dedicated. Some teachers are obscure and meticulous all day long. In this fertile educational soil, they sow seeds in batches with their own heart, blood, sweat and hands, water seedlings, bear numerous fruits, and cultivate batches of talents, but they have no regrets and are willing to build bridges, pave the way and be ladders for others. They burn their lives like candles and light up the future of others.
How many teachers in the world have opened up a broad and profound educational vision with their fantastic ideas, ideas and practices. How wide the horizon is, how high the realm is and how broad the mind is.
It can be seen that a school is like a ferry sail, a processing workshop and a team of educating people. How to make a school compete for Qian Fan in its own channel? How to make it stand out? Why is it integrated into the social field and makes people want it? How important is the construction of teacher culture to the construction of school culture.
In a word, the construction of campus culture is an important part of school education, and teachers are the leaders and organizers of school education. Therefore, strengthening the construction of teacher culture and campus culture is not only conducive to the development of school education, but also conducive to the improvement of students' comprehensive quality.
About the author: Wu Xiaoqiu, born in August, 1962, 1982 joined the work. He has more than 30 years of teaching experience and is engaged in English education research. His present title is associate professor.
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