Article 11, Chinese knowledge points
1. Three elements of the novel: A character, B plot and C environment.
2. three elements of argumentative writing: argument a, argument b and argument C.
3. The three elements of metaphor: A noumenon, B vehicle and C vehicle.
4. Six narrative elements (five W+H): when, where, who, why, how and what.
5. Four conditions of metrical poetry: A four-sentence quadruple (head, chin, neck and tail), B even-tailed homonym, C couplet and duality, D level and harmony.
6. Five expressions: A narrative, B argument, C lyric, D description and E description.
7. Six interpretation methods: A example, B number, C analogy (metaphor), D comparison, E classification and F definition.
8. Three explanatory structures: A total score structure, B total score structure and C total score structure.
9. Explain the sequence of the three expositions: A in chronological order, B in spatial order, and C in logical order.
10. Two basic argumentative structures: A. Asking questions-analyzing problems-solving problems.
B put forward opinions-argumentation opinions-summary opinions.
1 1. Six demonstration methods: A example method, B comparison method, C analogy method, D and E reduction to absurdity.
12. Eight main rhetorical methods: A metaphor, B personification, C parallelism, D exaggeration, E rhetorical question, F rhetorical question, G repetition and H duality (abbreviated as: metaphor means exaggeration, and two opposites are set in opposition).
13. Four description methods of characters: A appearance description, B language description, C action description and D psychological description (abbreviated as: foreign language temptation).
14. Seven kinds of phrases: A coordinate phrase, B radical phrase, C subject-predicate phrase and D verb-object phrase.
E verb-complement phrases, F prepositional phrases and G word phrases (divided into seven categories according to their functions)
A noun phrase, b verb phrase and c adjective phrase (divided into three parts of speech)
15. Six sentence components: a subject, b predicate, c object, d complement, e attribute and f adverbial.
16. Twelve parts of speech (sex): a noun-verb-form, b numeral-generation, c auxiliary connection, d auxiliary exclamation-imitation.
17. Three narrative modes (sequence): A direct narrative, B flashback and C insertion.
18. Three ellipsis functions: ellipsis of references in table A, ellipsis of lists in table B, and prolongation of interrupts in table C.
19. The functions of four kinds of inflections: table A explains the former part, table B explains the latter part, and table C prolongs the time of table D due to the interruption of sound.
20. There are four kinds of quotation marks: A stands for actual content, B stands for irony, C stands for specific title, and D stands for emphasis.
The second article "Li Sao"
1, literary common sense
Qu Yuan (about 340 BC-278 BC), a Chu native in the Warring States, was a great patriotic poet and politician, and the founder and representative author of The Songs of Chu. Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece, with more than 370 sentences and more than 2,400 words. It is the longest political lyric poem in ancient China. Li Sao is often quoted as the general name of all Qu Yuan's works. In literature, it is often called "Feng" and "Sao". "Feng" summarizes the Book of Songs and "Sao" summarizes the Songs of the South, which is the source of realism and romanticism.
2. Pronunciation of words
Repair, jealousy, embarrassment, depression, embarrassment.
Death, bird hunting, escape, shouting, slander, lingering, lotus riding, mourning, Gao Lan and Jiao Qiu.
Unstable, mixed, bright, punishable
Peacocks fly southeast; Southeast Fly the Peacocks; The Peacock Flies Southeast
1, literary common sense
Peacock Flying Southeast is a folk narrative poem in ancient China. Shen Guiyu is called "the first poem in ancient and modern times", so it is also called the earliest long narrative poem in ancient China literature. Formerly known as "Ancient Poems for Giving Wife", it was first seen in "New Yutai Fu" compiled by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties. It is an earlier collection of ancient poems after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. Later generations called Peacock Flying to the Southeast, Mulan Ci in the Northern Dynasty and Fu Qin Yin by Wei Zhuang in the Tang Dynasty, and the former two were called "Two Treasures of Yuefu".
Yuefu poetry is a kind of ancient poetry with harmonious music, which is named after it was handed down by Yuefu officials. Yuefu was originally a musical instrument set up by Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It specialized in making music movements, collecting and sorting out folk music and songs from all over the country, and singing them at court ceremonies and banquets respectively. These movements and songs were later called "Yuefu" and became a new poetic style after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South.
2. Pronunciation of words
Wandering around, feeling angry, hammering on the bed, choking, embroidered waist, despicable, crawling, tortoise shell, flowing.
The moon, the rocks, the palms, the county, and the tailoring, whether they are extremely Thai, white and graceful.
Wandering, golden saddle, money, dragon, glass
Heaven, heaven, hide, stand on tiptoe, feel disappointed, guard and hesitate.
Three poems
1, word
Lotus, generosity, green lady, guests, buildings
Catch birds and cages
2. Common sense of literature
Nineteen Ancient Poems, selected from Xiao Tong's Selected Works of Southern Dynasties, is a collection of five-character poems created by literati in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It was not written by one person. From the content point of view, it mainly wrote the author's frustration and sadness, and wrote the sadness and lovesickness of vagrants and homesick women. Because the author has a high cultural accomplishment, inherits the traditions of The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, and absorbs the nutrition of Han Yuefu, he is not only good at using Bi Xing, but also creates a unique style, and his artistic achievements are very high, so he is called "the crown of five words".
Cao Cao was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Politicians, militarists and writers in the Three Kingdoms and Wei Dynasties. He is the pioneer and organizer of Jian 'an literature, and his poems directly inherit the realistic tradition of Han Yuefu folk songs. On the one hand, his creation reflects the sufferings of the society and people's livelihood, on the other hand, it shows the ideal and ambition of unifying the world, and has a unique style of "generosity and sadness". This style is called "Jian 'an style" or "Wei-Jin style". The autumn wind is bleak and the red surges. A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected; Xinghan is brilliant, if you take it by surprise. "and" the old horse crouches, aiming at thousands of miles; The martyr's next year is full of courage. "It's a famous sentence in Cao Cao's" Watching the Sea "and" Although the Turtle is Longevity ".
Tao Yuanming, a poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. A latent and bright figure is called Mr. Jing Jie, also known as Mr. Wu Liu, from Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). Hermit, dissatisfied with "five buckets of rice don't bend over", lives in seclusion in the countryside. Retired from Peng's post, he was 4 1 year old this year, and later he died in the countryside. After his death, the world called him "Mr. Jingjie". Tao Yuanming initiated the integration of landscape pastoral poetry and opened up a new realm for classical poetry. He is also a famous hermit poet. handicraftsmen
1, word
Fu Qi, Xiu Mao, quotations, Liu Yi, Ji Chao, Peng Yi, Qin Qin, Ji Qin and the sensory system.
Clear water is turbulent, turbulent, calm and empty.
The world is different.
2. Style
Mountain: high, high; The mountain is high and steep. Tall and steep mountains.
Decadence: depravity, debauchery; A human figure. Refers to the behavior that is not bound by secular etiquette.
Looking at the eyes: looking at the distance; Open your mind and think far away. Look around and broaden your horizons.
Things change: Things change, so do thoughts and feelings.
Emotional department: feeling, feeling; Lament; Tie, connect. I felt something and sighed.
2, literature common sense:
Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Born in a noble family, he was the adopted son of Wang Dao, a politician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He used to be a general of the right-wing army and was internationally known as "Wang Youjun". In his early years, he studied calligraphy from Mrs. Wei, and later, he learned from others' strengths and prepared himself for the future. He is called "the book saint".
Article 3 Common sense of literature:
① Zhu Ziqing (1898 ~ 1948), formerly known as Huazi, was named Qiushi. My ancestral home is Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Zhu Ziqing is a poet, essayist, scholar, democratic fighter and patriotic intellectual. * Call him.
② Yu Dafu (1896 ~ 1945), formerly known as Yu Wen, is a modern novelist and essayist from Fuyang, Zhejiang. 1922 Organized the Creation Society with Guo Moruo and Cheng. 1930, he joined the League of Chinese Left-wing Writers. The main works are short stories "Sin" and "Sin", which expose the evils of the old society to varying degrees and boldly challenge feudal morality, which has certain positive significance, but also has decadent colors. Prose is famous for its travel notes, blending scenes and forming its own family.
③ Lu Li (1908— 1942), a modern prose writer and translator. He stepped onto the literary world with a collection of prose poems, Starfish, and became famous in one fell swoop. Later, he published a collection of essays, Bamboo Knife and Bamboo Knife. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, Japanese troops entered the Shanghai Concession. He was arrested in April 1942 and sentenced to several months' imprisonment for insisting on cultural work in occupied Shanghai. He was killed at the age of 34.
Famous paragraphs and sentences
(1) On the winding lotus pond, the leaves of Tian Tian are expected. ..... Covered, can't see some colors; Leaves are more exposed to the wind. Learn the rhetorical devices used by the author, such as metaphor, parallelism and synaesthesia, and learn to arrange the description order reasonably. Usually form the habit of carefully observing things around you. )
(2) Autumn is always good no matter where it is; However, the autumn in the north is particularly clear, quiet and sad. Learn to use "Yan Wen" and always get the full text. )
(3) Autumn in the south certainly has its unique features, such as the bright moon on the Twenty-four Bridges, the autumn tide in Qiantang River, the cool fog in Putuo Mountain, the residual lotus in Lizhi Bay and so on. , but the color is not strong and the aftertaste is not lasting. Compared with Qiu Lai in the north, it's just yellow rice wine dried in vain, porridge steamed in white, perch white crab, yellow dog white camel. Learn to highlight what you want to describe by contrast. )
(4) From the bottom of Sophora japonica leaves, counting a little sunshine leaking to the east, or in the broken waist, facing the blue morning glory like morning glory, you can naturally feel autumn. When it comes to morning glory, I think blue or white is the best, followed by purple and black, and pink is the lowest. And at the bottom of the morning glory, the dean has several sparse, slender autumn grasses as a foil. Describe the scenery carefully and have your own subjective feelings. )