Keywords: graduate students; Academic misconduct; summary
In recent years, domestic scholars' research on academic misconduct of graduate students has increased year by year. From a global perspective, the United States started early in understanding and controlling academic misconduct. In the 1980s, they began to gradually establish a systematic mechanism to curb academic misconduct [1]. And do a lot of research on the definition, types, causes and governance measures of academic misconduct. However, the domestic academic research on academic misconduct started late, and the research on academic misconduct of graduate students in colleges and universities covers many aspects, but the research results are mainly concentrated in recent years. After combing and analyzing the relevant literature, we find that there are relatively few literatures about academic misconduct of graduate students at present, mainly from four aspects: the definition of academic misconduct, the types and reasons of academic misconduct, and the governance measures of academic misconduct. Therefore, this paper will analyze the existing literature from these four aspects, clarify the current research progress of graduate students' academic misconduct, so as to understand the research status of graduate students' academic misconduct more comprehensively, promote the cultivation of graduate students' integrated academic norms and the construction of supervision and management system, and effectively improve the academic ethics of graduate students.
1 Research Status of Academic Misconduct of Graduate Students in China
Regarding the evolution of the research on academic misconduct of graduate students, referring to the stages divided by relevant scholars [2], this paper divides the research on academic misconduct of graduate students into two stages according to the requirement of "observing academic norms" in the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Humanities and Social Sciences Research in National Colleges and Universities issued by the Ministry of Education in 200 1. The first stage: before 200 1, a few scholars spontaneously studied the academic ethics of college graduate students. The second stage: since 200 1 Ministry of Education issued a document, the whole society has paid more and more attention to the academic behavior of graduate students at this stage; Moreover, in order to strengthen the construction of study style and academic ethics, the relevant government departments have successively formulated and promulgated some policies to regulate the academic behavior of graduate students.
First of all, our research group took "graduate students" as the key word, and searched for relevant documents in the online publishing database of CNKI China academic journals in China and the database of master's and doctoral dissertations in China. Then, with academic misconduct, academic anomie, academic ethics, academic norms and academic corruption as key words, the retrieval results are retrieved respectively. The analysis of the final retrieval results shows that there were only 14 journal articles about academic misconduct of graduate students before 200 1; Since 2002, the number of articles in related journals has increased year by year. From 2002 to 2011* *, there were 262 journal articles. In 2006, master's theses on related research topics began to appear, up to 20 1 1, with 21* *; At present, no doctoral thesis has been found to study the academic misconduct of graduate students.
In this paper, 262 journal papers and 2 1 master's degree papers on academic misconduct of graduate students from 2002 to 2004 are classified annually, and the change chart of paper time and quantity is obtained (as shown in figure 1). Figure 1 shows that the number of journal articles on academic misconduct of graduate students has been increasing year by year in recent 10 years; From 10 in 2002 to 5 1 0 in 20 10 (44 articles in 2010, slightly decreased). Since 2006, the number of master's dissertations on academic misconduct of graduate students has gradually appeared and shown an upward trend, reaching 7 in 20 10. From the quantitative changes, it can be seen that academic misconduct of graduate students has attracted more and more attention from academic circles.
Since 2004, the Social Science and Technology Commission of the Ministry of Education, China Association for Science and Technology and China Academy of Sciences have successively defined academic misconduct. Especially in 2009, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Seriously Handling Academic Misconduct in Colleges and Universities, which defined academic misconduct in colleges and universities. After 2009, the research results of academic misconduct of graduate students increased sharply. This growth trend also reflects the urgent attitude of academic circles to control academic misconduct.
After analyzing the research contents of 262 journal papers and 2 1 dissertation, it is found that 246 journal papers and 2 1 dissertation involve the definition of academic misconduct or academic anomie, the manifestations of academic misconduct of graduate students, the reasons that affect academic misconduct of graduate students and policy suggestions to control academic misconduct of graduate students. The specific figures are shown in Figure 2. It should be pointed out that some research papers may also involve academic misconduct of graduate students, but because these papers are different from the keywords set in this paper, or the expression of the theme of the papers is inconsistent with the keywords set in this paper; Therefore, some related papers may not enter the retrieval and analysis scope of this paper.
2 Research on the definition of academic misconduct in China
The theoretical research on academic misconduct in China started late, and the definition of academic misconduct by relevant departments and institutions has also focused on recent years. Comparing the definitions of academic misconduct by relevant departments and institutions, it can be found that the definitions of academic misconduct by various departments and institutions are basically the same, and all definitions regard "counterfeiting, plagiarism and plagiarism" as the main types of academic misconduct. See table 1 for details.
3. Research on the types and characteristics of academic misconduct of graduate students in China.
The literature analysis of Chinese researchers' research on the types of academic misconduct of graduate students in colleges and universities shows that the academic misconduct of graduate students in China is mainly forgery, tampering and plagiarism (see table 2); Other academic misconduct includes improper signature, asking others to write articles or writing articles on their behalf, publishing articles that do not meet the corresponding academic standards by taking advantage of their special relationship with publications, and submitting more than one manuscript.
Compared with the characteristics of foreign graduate students' academic misconduct, the manifestations of graduate students' academic misconduct in academic thesis writing are roughly the same; However, American universities also attach great importance to cheating in postgraduate exams. Managers and researchers agree that cheating in postgraduate exams is also a very important part of their academic misconduct.
4. Research on the influencing factors of academic misconduct of graduate students in China
4. 1 Influence of objective factors on academic misconduct of graduate students