Paragraph 1 of Article 22 of the Copyright Law lists1two ways of "fair use", that is, as long as one of them is satisfied, the use of related works does not require permission and payment.

On Baidu, the uploaded infringing documents will be deleted, so the papers you downloaded from others should be published by others and uploaded voluntarily, belonging to * * * resources. Downloading will not infringe. But if you download the paper and publish it in your own name, it constitutes infringement.

Tort is an act that infringes on the rights and interests of others, so it can also be called infringement, which can be confirmed to some extent from the etymology. The word "infringement" in Chinese "was first used when compiling the Draft Civil Law of the Qing Dynasty in the late Qing Dynasty." However, there is no clear definition of tort in the old civil law of our country.