First, the topic of graduation thesis

Choosing a topic is the first step in writing a thesis. The quality of the topic is directly related to the academic value and use value of the paper, which is novel.

Sex, advancement, creativity, applicability and writing difficulty. The following focuses on the principles of topic selection:

1. It is valuable to meet objective needs. It is of great theoretical and practical value to choose the topic according to the needs of China's economic construction. For example, the study of enterprise alliance is like this. As Li Qixiang, deputy general manager of FAW Group, said, China automobile is inferior to foreign automobiles in technology, quality, brand, function, cost and economies of scale. Only by integration, strategic alliance and joint venture with Volkswagen can we enter the world's major automobile groups and develop ourselves abroad. Therefore, the study of strategic alliance not only meets the needs of China's economic construction, but also has great theoretical and practical value.

2. Capture inspiration and focus on innovation. The life of a thesis lies in innovation. Innovation has a wide meaning, which refers to the creation of a new viewpoint, new theory, new argument (new material), new supplement, new method and new angle. It is also said that innovation means new research contents, new methods and new contents and methods. Others think that innovation refers to unique opinions, putting forward problems that have not been raised by predecessors, correcting their wrong views, and further deepening, refining, quantifying and simplifying their achievements. As can be seen from the above, a paper must be a little innovative, otherwise it is not a real paper.

Innovation depends on inspiration, and inspiration depends on accumulation. Only in the long-term efforts can we occasionally have a spark of thought, and

This fleeting spark of thought may become the starting point of academic innovation.

Of course, innovation can not be completely divorced from the previous research results, from the mainstream of management, from innovation.

A new platform, but an independent system, otherwise it will not succeed. (Innovative thinking methods are described later)

3. Connect with reality and pay attention to hot spots. There are many theoretical and practical problems in management, especially the current economic upheaval in China, the integration of the world economy, and all kinds of new things and problems emerge one after another, which can be used as the research and topic selection of this paper. It is undoubtedly an unprecedented opportunity for students studying management. According to the actual national conditions of China, it is easier to achieve results and be accepted by the society at this stage. From studying the practical problems of economic management, we can draw operational policy conclusions, which will have immediate effects on China's economic reform and development and have far-reaching significance. However, don't catch up with "fashion" and join in the fun. Because "hot spots" are of concern to everyone, it is not easy to innovate. Be sure to choose hot topics according to your own business expertise.

Connecting with reality, we must accurately grasp the problem and accurately grasp the topic of the problem, and the topic will attract people at first sight.

4. The topic size should be appropriate and the excavation should be deep. The topic is too big to grasp, often superficial and superficial, and will eventually become a mediocre work. Generally speaking, the topic size should be appropriate, or small and easy to control, easy to fill. But it should not be as small as the work summary or suggestions of the unit. This paper requires profundity and rigor. The so-called profound, is a deep-seated, multi-angle, all-round discussion of a problem. The so-called rigor means clear views, strong arguments, clear levels and standardized language. Some students are afraid that the topic is too small to be analyzed, and they will finish it in a few words, even the required number of words is not enough. The solution to this problem is to make a mountain out of a molehill, that is, to analyze a "small problem" from different angles and levels, and to prove and express your views with more specific materials, charts and formulas. This will not only make the paper full, full and convincing, but also solve the problem of insufficient words. Only when the topic size is appropriate can we work hard and successfully complete the writing task in a short time.

5. Think backwards and look for blind spots. Hot issues are generally concerned, and many people write about them, making innovation more difficult.

If we think backwards, look for problems and areas that people ignore, or look at problems from another angle, it may be easier to find them.

Result. This requires that when choosing a topic, we should have the consciousness of reverse thinking, not following the crowd and not following the crowd. In some border areas,

There may be more important issues to be studied in the cross-border field. Of course, the problem of blind spot is also a relative concept, in real life.

It has happened, but it has not attracted people's general attention. This not only requires us to have the consciousness of reverse thinking, but also

We must be sharp-witted and ahead of ourselves in order to see through everything. Every day, new things and problems appear to see what we are.

Not good at finding and catching.

6. Adapt to your own subjective and objective conditions. The topic selection should adapt to one's own subjective conditions, including one's own professional expertise, interest in the topic selection, the materials already mastered, the original theoretical basis and the existing academic platform; And adapt to the information and time guarantee that can be provided objectively for yourself. It is best to choose a topic that you are familiar with. This can enrich the material and feel it. That is to say, it is possible to choose a topic that both subjective and objective can complete this writing task.

7. Within the applicant's professional scope. The topic selection should be within the scope of management. According to the new classification standard of management discipline, business administration includes: business administration (business administration, enterprise management, real estate, tourism, etc. ), marketing, human resource management, accounting and financial management. P 16-54, management, marketing and human resource management are in our book, as an alternative scope. Anything beyond this range will fail.

8. Refer to the topic and agree with the instructor. (1) Choose one of the three topics. P 16-54 in the book, list three.

The selectivity of aspects. The boundaries of the three directions are overlapping, such as the core competence of the enterprise and the corporate culture. origin

Because the topics were provided by three teaching departments, they were not sorted out and summarized. Students can choose one of these three topics.

(2) Students can also choose their own topics in three directions with the consent of the tutor. Within the scope of the topic, specific issues

Eyes can be adjusted.

Second, the thesis writing

(A) the content structure of graduation thesis writing

The contents of graduation thesis writing include: P6 abstract and keywords (in Chinese and foreign languages), table of contents, text, notes and attachments.

Records, references, front cover and back cover.

(B) Graduation thesis writing steps

Graduation thesis writing steps: determine the topic, collect data, determine the main bibliography, write the opening report and writing outline,

First draft, second draft and final draft. Prepare and reply after finalization. The following focuses on the collection of materials, the opening report and the writing outline.

First draft, second draft and final draft.

1. Collect materials. After the topic is determined, it is necessary to widely collect materials in the fields involved in the topic. Materials are generally divided into two categories, namely theoretical materials and factual materials. According to the classified catalogue, theoretical materials can be found in libraries, reference rooms, theoretical publications and the Internet. Facts can be found in books, newspapers, personal contact with other people's work experience, statistical data and cases at work. Conditional can personally investigate and study. Collect more materials and choose them. It is necessary to select material standards and maximize material selection; The least choice of information is enough. When collecting materials, we should pay attention to authenticity (source; Second-hand materials should be checked with original materials), concreteness (data, proportion, proportion should be exact, not ambiguous), novelty (new materials can lead to new conclusions). We should carefully study the data from coarse to fine, from false to true, from the outside to the inside. Some people summarize it as "capturing information, identifying, centralizing and storing information".

In short, the process of collecting data is also a process of sorting out research, comparing, thinking and screening data.

The premise and foundation of argumentation and debate.

2. Opening report. See book P 14 for details.

3. Draft a writing outline. The advantages of the outline are helpful to establish the overall view, clear the thinking, arrange the materials and make a reasonable composition.

Bamboo shoot printing and so on. In the process of drawing up the outline, there is a strict logical relationship in order to make the materials to be used have a clear level.

On the system, not only will there be a lot of materials to be selected, added, deleted and adjusted, but also the layout, viewpoints and materials of the paper will be considered.

There are two ways to write an outline: one is the title, and the other is the sentence. No matter which way you write it, you must draft a tender first.

There are two kinds of titles, one is the title that expresses the argument, that is, the title that summarizes the argument. Another way

Displays the title of the topic, which reveals what the problem is.

4. Write the first draft. This paper mainly emphasizes the writing of content summary and text.

(1) Executive summary. It is the epitome of the paper and a complete paper. Mainly includes: explanation.

The author studies the purpose, methods and achievements of the topic selection, especially the new insights and creative achievements of this paper. writing

Words should be concise and translated into corresponding foreign languages. Indicate 3-5 representative "keywords" and outlines. ,

(2) write the text. The text is the main part of the paper, which usually consists of three parts: introduction, theory and conclusion.

① Introduction. The introduction should mainly explain the reasons and significance of studying this topic, ask questions, and sometimes simply write a calendar.

Historical review, basic ideas and research methods of this paper.

(2) this theory. This theory is the core of the paper, which should include theoretical analysis, demonstration, elaboration, innovation and so on. Here, we focus on establishing arguments and discussing them; Develop innovative thinking. Establish an argument and discuss it. Argument is the soul and value of an article. This argument is a correction mentioned earlier in the article; Refers to where the preface is wrong, what is the correct view and what is the basis. Another example is what you advocate and what you oppose. The argument should be accurate, clear and prominent. Arguments are generated in the analysis and research of data, so don't draw a conclusion first, and then find materials to prove it. The formation of an argument is actually a process of sorting out, analyzing and summarizing data. The author should sort out clues from the data and find problems from them. Finding a problem is the first step to solve it. The ability to establish an argument is mainly abstract, that is, to extract something with regularity from the vast amount of information.

Discussion refers to the process of explaining an argument with arguments. After the argument is established, we will discuss it. The discussion should be rigorous. We must deal with the relationship between arguments and arguments in the process of discussion. Argument is explained by argument, and argument is directed by argument. Arguments and arguments are dialectical unity. In the process of discussion, arguments and arguments must form a unified organic whole, so that arguments can serve arguments well Materials and viewpoints should be unified, materials should be well organized, and their arguments should be explained. The discussion level should be clear, such as dividing the problem into three arguments, that is, three levels to discuss. Discussions should also be based on reliable examples.

Fully accurate materials, beautiful forms to express their ideas and opinions, vivid and distinctive language for discussion. The ability to discuss

Mainly refers to the ability of logical thinking, reasoning and judgment.

Develop innovative thinking. The purpose of pioneering and innovative thinking is to find the research object as soon as possible, or to break through the achievements of predecessors and realize new inventions as soon as possible. Mr. Li Jinglong summed up three basic conditions for developing creative thinking: abundant reserves; Increase the probability of interaction between information; Increase the potential energy to solve problems. Without these three conditions, creative thinking cannot be formed. This means that the more books you read, the richer information you collect, and the higher your professional level, the greater the possibility of forming creative thinking. And a lot of information stored in the brain will interact with each other, resulting in new thinking. Increasing the probability of interaction between information will increase the possibility of creative thinking.

In addition to these three basic conditions, some researchers believe that creative thinking has a great relationship with the author's personality. This is rich imagination, strong curiosity and strong interest in problems.