Du Fu was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He once met Li Bai, and he also had the romance and ambition in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. However, he was deeply involved in the Anshi rebellion, experienced war and displacement, and his career also experienced twists and turns. Coupled with Du Fu's calm personality and elegant knowledge, his writing style is also very simple and calm, with a sense of depression and sadness. When Du Fu was old, he moved to Kuizhou and was ill by the river, the poem "Ascending the Mountain" was even more depressing.
At that time, four years had passed since the Anshi Rebellion, but local warlords took the opportunity to compete for territory with each other. Du Fu entered the Yanwu shogunate and relied on Yanwu. Unfortunately, Yanwu died soon, which made him lose his dependence. He had to leave Chengdu Caotang, which had been in business for five or six years, and bought a boat to go south. He wanted to go straight to Kuimen, but because of illness, he stayed in Yun 'an for several months before arriving in Kuizhou. If it were not for the concern of the local government, he would not have lived here for three years.
In these three years, his life is still difficult and his health is very poor. Du Fu has reached the old age, and his life is coming to an end, but he still has achieved nothing, and it is inevitable that he will be unhappy because his ambition has not been realized. However, Du Fu's profound Confucian feelings are doomed to pay more attention to the fate of the country than to his personal worries, so the sadness in his poems is even heavier, because it is not the sadness of a person, but the sadness of a country and a nation.
The poem "Ascending the Mountain" wrote: The sky is high and the wind is urgent, and the autumn color is cold. Apes are lamenting in the mountains, and the white gravel marks on the sandbars along the river set off deeper emptiness and loneliness. Seagulls are hovering at low altitude and flying endlessly. Falling leaves are flying all over the sky, rendering the bleak atmosphere, and the endless waves of the Yangtze River are surging. I am wandering in Wan Li, wandering like a passer-by, with nowhere to live. I was over half a hundred years old, and I was terminally ill. I climbed the high platform alone. There are only countless hardships and sorrows in life. When I am old, I am still down and out. I can only drink a glass of turbid wine and swallow the endless sadness in my heart.
The first four sentences of this poem describe the cold scene in late autumn with the scenery as the background, and draw lessons from the intentions of images such as "sudden wind", "ape crying", "sandbar", "gull heron", "falling wood" and "Yangtze River" to outline a cold and lonely autumn picture. It seems that the whole paper is empty, only endless rivers, endless sky and endless white sand. The overall light gray tone is cold and desolate. There are European birds flying around blankly, singing in a low voice, giving out bleak sheng music, and the ape's cry on the shore is even more reminiscent of the poem "The Three Gorges in Badong are long, and the ape cries three tears", which is even more desolate. It not only shows the poet's inner loneliness and desolation, but also exaggerates his homesickness. The "homesickness" here is not only a helpless wanderer, but also a "homesickness" of the whole nation and country that was turbulent because of the Anshi Rebellion. People are eager to return to their hometown. However, the turbulent situation dispersed the crowd, and few people could stay safely in their hometown. They are still worried and scared about the political situation all the time, and they don't know where they will be tomorrow. The national homesickness bred under such loss is deeper and heavier.
Five or six sentences of "I came from three thousand miles away" Sad this autumn, with my hundred years of sorrow, I climbed this height alone "is a neat antithesis in the poem, which clearly shows the poet's bleak status quo." A sentence of "sorrowful autumn", "frequent", "sickly" and "lonely" is enough to describe the image of an old man who is lonely, seriously ill, frustrated in his official career and displaced. Coupled with such huge and dense figures as "Wan Li" and "Hundred Years", this kind of sadness is even more boundless, which fully reflects the helplessness and desolation in the poet's heart. Although he is the only one who is sad at this moment, it is gloomy enough to make Wan Li wander and helpless for a hundred years. It is conceivable that he was not the only war-torn and wandering official and common people in those years. Only when you are a "frequent visitor", "going on stage alone" will inevitably be bleak and miserable.
The last sentence of the poem, "Bitterness is sweet, but my temples are full of pain and tiredness is a thick layer of dust in my wine", directly points out his tragic situation of "Bitterness is sweet" and "new ending in poverty", and further depicts the author's bleak dusk scene by borrowing two meager and insignificant intentions "sideburns" and "wine glasses". Under the torture of reality, his hair is almost white at the age of nearly 500, and he can only afford the cheapest muddy wine. He should not drink alcohol when he is seriously ill, let alone drink inferior and cheap turbid wine, but he still needs to warm himself up and find a spiritual comfort. It is the deepest expression of helplessness and pain in life.
A detailed analysis of the writing background shows that it was Chongyang at that time, and I can't help but think of the sentimental feelings of a wanderer in the song "Mountain Holiday Thinking of Shandong Brothers", that is, "Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice every holiday". The festival is coming again. It's time for a reunion, but it's not unusual for him to climb thousands of miles alone. However, I wonder if Du Fu is over half a year old and ill. Can he wait until next year's holiday is unknown, and then the situation will really improve and let his family reunite? Under such a political background and living conditions, Du Fu's sorrow is even worse.
The feeling of wandering is a heavy pain, old age is a heavy pain, illness is a heavy pain, loneliness is a heavy pain, poverty is a heavy pain, lack of wine is a heavy pain, career is not smooth, old age is a heavy pain, the autumn wind is chilly, the country is ruined and there is nowhere to live. Why didn't Fu suffer? Eight difficulties are combined, and the "depression" in climbing is clearly visible.
Let's talk about Du Fu's writing style first. Deeply influenced by traditional Confucianism, Du Fu was practical and calm, taking writing regular poems as a typical example. Du Fu's old poem "Gordon" has a deeper literary mourning and brings the technique of rhythmic poetry to the extreme. The whole poem is straightforward, the meter is exquisite, and a large number of dual figures of speech are used, which makes it appear that the whole poem is rigorous in structure, full of rhythm and melody, easy to recite, and shows the unique atmosphere and statutes of the Tang Dynasty.
So Du Fu's poems are "frustrated". Just like playing drums, the rhythm is clear.
The first part of the poem is about the scenery, and the second part is lyrical. It blends emotion into the scenery and the scene, and has its own intricacies in writing. The first couplet focuses on describing the specific scenery in front of us, just like the meticulous brushwork of a painter, showing the shape, sound, color and state one by one. Couplets focus on rendering the atmosphere of the whole autumn, just like the painter's freehand brushwork, which should only be vivid and easy to understand, so that readers can supplement it with imagination. Neck band expresses feelings, from vertical (time) and horizontal (space) aspects, from wandering in a foreign land to writing disability. Tail couplet has changed from white hair, nursing illness and abstinence, which comes down to the fact that the hardships of the times are the root cause of being down and out. In this way, Du Fu's feelings when he was worried about the country and the people and hurt the country were vividly displayed. It fully shows an image of Du Fu who is depressed and frustrated. Behind this kind of depression, Du Fu still restrained his emotions, ending the poem with a glass of turbid wine, covering all the vicissitudes of the world with only a faint layer of gray, and sketching Du Fu's true colors with this plaster tone.