1, Immunoprevention and immunotherapy

① Immunization prevention: prevention before illness, that is, vaccination enters the human body, making people resistant to infectious diseases and enhancing their immunity. Through vaccination, the body produces corresponding antibodies and memory cells (mainly memory cells), and people can actively prevent many infectious diseases, but not all infectious diseases.

② Immunotherapy: Post-illness treatment, that is, when people are sick, the immune function of people is adjusted by adding antibodies, thymosin, lymphatic factor, etc. So as to enhance the body's ability to resist diseases and achieve the purpose of treating diseases.

2. Organ transplantation: The success or failure of organ transplantation mainly depends on whether the human histocompatibility antigen (HLA) of organ donor and recipient is consistent or similar.

3. Disease detection: antigen and antibody are used to produce specific immune response, and corresponding antibodies are used to detect whether there is antigen; It occurs, differentiates, develops and matures here. Bone marrow is the place where B lymphocytes grow, develop and mature, while T lymphocytes grow and mature in thymus. Peripheral immune organs can be called stimulating lymphatic organs. Peripheral immune organs and tissues include lymph nodes, spleen and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. Lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) will live here for a long time after they mature, and also have an immune response to foreign antigens, thus playing an immune role here. Among them, lymph nodes are distributed at the confluence of lymphatic channels in various non-mucosal parts of the body, and the spleen is the largest peripheral immune organ. Mucosal lymphoid tissues include long-term lymphoid tissues, nasal lymphoid tissues and bronchial lymphoid tissues, such as tonsils and appendix. Immunomolecules include immunoglobulin, complement, various membrane molecules and cytokines. Immunoglobulin is essentially a kind of protein, and the complement system has more than 30 components, all of which are glycoproteins. Cytokines, which are protein in nature, are secreted by immune cells and tissue cells, which can regulate the differentiation and development of immune cells and their functions, as well as the immune response of the body.