Cause analysis and countermeasure research on the current situation of population problem in China
China is a populous country with a large population, rapid growth and low population quality. The regional distribution and development level are unbalanced, and the problems of urbanization and population aging are increasingly prominent. Seriously analyzing and studying the current situation and characteristics of population development and taking practical measures to control the excessive population growth have become the primary problems to be solved in the current economic development of China.
First, the current population situation in China
1. The larger the population, the more the net population will increase.
1953 China's total population was over 600 million, 1964 720 million, 1982 103 billion, 1990 reached1kloc-0/600,000,/. According to the sixth national census in 20 10, the population of China is now close to1400 million, and it is still the largest population country in the world. According to computer simulation, the total population of China will reach 654.38+0.5 billion ~ 654.38+0.6 billion around 2025. In recent years, due to the remarkable effect of family planning, the natural population growth rate has dropped significantly. However, due to the large population base, the annual net increase is still more than 6.5438+0.5 million, which is equivalent to the national population of Australia.
2. Uneven population distribution and development
The population in the east and west of China is small and unevenly distributed. Taking Tengchong-Mohe line as the population dividing line, it presents the following unbalanced characteristics: there are many people along the coast, along the river and along the lake; The plains and basins have a large population; Areas with developed economy and transportation have a large population; Areas with dense towns and developed industries have a large population; The Han area has a large population. The western region has a small population; The arid desert area has a small population; The population in mountainous areas and plateaus is small; Remote farming and pastoral areas have a small population; Most ethnic minority areas have a small population.
In addition, China's population development shows different characteristics in different regions. Generally speaking, the population development rate in rural areas is higher than that in cities, and the population development rate in western areas is higher than that in eastern areas. Due to the regional differences in population development and the surplus rural labor force, a large number of rural population poured into cities.
Second, the main manifestations of China's population problem
China's rapid population growth, huge population base and high natural growth rate have caused enormous population pressure, resulting in the following problems, which are embodied in:
1, the per capita resources are decreasing.
The absolute amount of cultivated land, forests, grasslands and other resources in China ranks among the top in the world, but the per capita resources are very small. For example, the per capita arable land in China is only 0.09 hectares, which is equivalent to1/4 of the world average; The forest coverage rate in China is 13.94%, which is 30% lower than the world average. The per capita runoff of rivers in China is only 2450 cubic meters, which is equivalent to 23.5% of the world's per capita level, and the per capita possession of various mineral resources in China is only 1/3 of the world's. China is the country that produces the most grain and cotton in the world, and the output of rape, pork, beef and mutton also ranks first in the world. The output of sugar, soybean, tea and peanut ranks among the top in the world. But the per capita ownership is very low.
2. Frequent population movement and migration. Due to the differences in geographical conditions and economic level, a large number of rural population in the west and central China have flooded into cities in the eastern coastal areas. The rural areas in the central and western regions are empty, a large number of young and middle-aged laborers go out to work, and the old and weak diseases remain in the countryside. According to official statistics, there are nearly 1 100 million migrant workers in China. At the same time, the influx of a large number of migrants has overwhelmed the city. There are millions of cities in Chongqing, Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, Tianjin and Guangzhou. According to the statistics in 2005, there are 565,438+0 cities with a million or more in China.
Problems such as environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. With the influx of a large number of people into cities, "urban diseases" such as traffic congestion, air pollution and declining water quality have become increasingly common and prominent. Due to the lack of scientific planning and guidance in rural areas, coupled with the extremely imperfect public health facilities, the pollution problem is becoming increasingly serious.
Third, the countermeasures to solve the population problem in China
1. unswervingly implementing the family planning policy should be a basic national policy that we must adhere to, because only in this way can we control the total population and adapt to China's basic national conditions.
2. Improving the quality and structure of population is an important measure to cope with the aging of population and realize the sustainable development of population.
3. A thorough and lasting solution to the "three rural issues" is the fundamental way to solve population migration, solve urban diseases and enhance the carrying capacity of rural population.