Second, the expression techniques: symbol, contrast, contrast, suspense, echo before and after, desire to promote first, express meaning by holding things, express feelings by borrowing things, associate, imagine and set off (positive contrast, negative contrast).

Third, rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, quotation, rhetorical question, repetition, intertextuality, contrast, metonymy and irony.

Four, the six elements of narrative: time, place, people, the cause, process and result of things.

5. Narrative sequence: sequence, flashback and insertion.

Sixth, description angle: positive description and side description.

Methods of describing characters: language, action, manner, psychology and appearance.

Eight, the perspective of describing the scene: vision, hearing, taste and touch.

Methods of describing scenery: combining static with dynamic (writing static with dynamic), combining generalization with concrete, from far to near (or from near to far)

X. Description (or lyric) methods: positive (also called direct) and negative (also called indirect).

XI。 Narrative mode: general narrative and detailed description.

Twelve. Interpretation order: chronological order, spatial order, logical order.

13. explanation: examples, numbers, analogy, comparison, definition, classification, explanation, imitation and quotation.

Fourteen, the plot of the novel is divided into four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.

Fifteen, the three elements of the novel: the character, the plot and the specific environment.

Sixteen, environmental description is divided into: natural environment and social environment.

17. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.

18. Argumentation is divided into factual argument and rational argument.

Nineteen. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argument, reason argument (sometimes called quotation argument), contrast (or positive and negative contrast) argument, metaphor argument.

20. Method of argument: argument and rebuttal (rebuttable argument, argument, argument)

Twenty-one, the structure of argumentative essay: total score, total score, total score; There are often parallel and progressive parts.

Twenty-two, the role of quotation marks: citation; Emphasize; Specific appellation; Negation, irony, irony

Twenty-three, dash usage: prompt, comment, summary, progression, topic change, interjection.

Twenty-four, others:

(A) the role of sentences in the text:

1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar;

2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;

3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel);

Pay attention to the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)

(B) the role of rhetoric:

(1) own function;

(2) Combined with sentence context.

1, figuratively personified: vivid;

Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.

2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ;

Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.

3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking;

Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics

Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.

4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …

5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.

(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:

In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering a question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.

(4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?

Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...

Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...

Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.

(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?

I can't. Because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence)

(2) This word corresponds to the above one by one.

(3) These words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be interchanged.

(6) Summary of paragraph meaning

1. Narrative: Answer clearly (when and where).

Who does what?

Format: (time+place)+people+things.

2. explanatory text: the answer clearly States what the object is and what its characteristics are.

Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)

3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author's point of view is.

Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate?

The arrangement of classical Chinese knowledge in junior middle school

The author of several books? The source of key notional words is often tested in translated sentences and dictation sentences.

seven

Genre of Six Analects of Confucius: Quotations. It is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and is an academic classic of Confucianism. Ignore it (say: preach "Yue" and be happy); People don't know and don't care (resentment, dissatisfaction); Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous. Danger or suspicion); Why Confucius called it "Wen" (why: why); Know silently (knowledge: remember); Choose good and follow it (from: adopt and obey) 1. Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous.

2. Know silently, never tire of learning, never tire of teaching. 1. In real life, we often quote a sentence from Confucius in The Analects of Confucius, "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _", which means to learn from people around us at any time.

2. When others don't understand or even misunderstand themselves, in The Analects of Confucius, Confucius thinks that the attitude should be "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The two dynasties and the song dynasty in Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu? The founder "Taiqiu gave up and went flat (go: Ye. Yes: only); Make an appointment with others, but leave with them (date: appointment). Committee: abandoned); Get off and lead it, but Fiona Fang ignores it (Leader: La. Gu: Looking back); Is Zunjun there? ("no" means "no"); Fortunately, it is still wide (fortunately, it happened); The king wants to give up the people he carries (give up: throw away, throw away); Accepted (accepted, accepted) 1. If you don't arrive at noon, you don't believe it; It is impolite to scold your father.

2. Bring it back to life.

The song "Oil Man"? Ouyang Xiu's Collection of Ouyang Wenzhong is good: good at it; Pride: boasting; Release: put down; Angry: angrily; Li: Attention; 1. Does Er 'an dare to make a move?

I have nothing but my hands.

Three Gorges Northern Wei Dynasty? Li Daoyuan's water injection mirror is slightly lacking; Although riding the wind (although: although; Ben: here refers to a fast horse); Since midnight (from: if); As for launching Xiangling (to), there are many benefits (good: true, real) 1. Take the wind, but never take the disease.

2. Junmao, Rong Qing, is very interesting 1. There are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls flying in them.

2. The sentence that shows the rapid flow of water is

3. The sentence that shows the slow water flow in spring and summer is

Seven times of "Humble Room Ming" Tang? Liu Yuxi's mountain is not high: yes, care, lies; S: pronoun, this; Xin, here refers to noble character; H: big; Four books: here refers to the sound of playing music; Fatigue: make the body tired, physical strength, physical strength. Usage of labor and servitude; What's wrong with it: what's wrong with it? What's wrong with it? 1. I am a humble room, but I am virtuous.

2. Kong Ziyun: "What's the matter?" 1. I am a humble room, but I am virtuous.

2. The moss on the stage is green, and the curtain grass is green.

There are great scholars talking and laughing, but there is no Ding Bai.

"Ailian Shuo" Northern Song Dynasty? Zhou Dunyi's Collection of Duke Wu of Zhou is very rare: many; Independence: only, only; Yu: I; Zhuo: wash; Demon: beautiful but not solemn; Play: to play with; Say: think, think. Give the only Ailian a muddy but not dirty one. 1. Only give the lotus of love a muddy but not dirty, a clear ripple but not a demon.

2. Straight through the outside, not sloppy, fragrant and clear, graceful and pure, but not ridiculous from a distance.

"Mandatory Order" Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty? Ye Fan's "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty" warehouse head: domestic slaves; Stop and knock on the horse: stop the horse, stay, stop, knock, pull and hug; Kill it because of it: because, then, say, kill it, hit it; Managing the world: management and operation; Bleeding quilt cover: quilt cover, cover face, full face; Wife: wife and son; Tremble: To tremble with fear. Today is the son of heaven, can't Wei give an order?

Where's the bag? Take off the first place and kill it: first, but just; Hey, sell; Find someone who kills cattle privately: find it, soon; Moving to Duanzhou and moving to Temple: knowing, being the master and presiding; Only those who heal the wounded and rescue the dying can provide enough figures: talents, that's all; Under the court: build, arrive and go; Not obeying my will: obedience and obedience; Evil officials are harsh and upright: evil, hatred and disgust; Service, pursuit. 1. People laugh at Bao Zheng more than Huang Heqing.

Don't go along with others, and don't pretend to please.

Although I am very jealous of evil, I must be loyal and tolerant.

Eight "small stone ponds" in the Tang Dynasty? Liu Zongyuan's Liu Hedong Collection is particularly clear (Qing: Qing); Don't move (suddenly: in a daze, still); Go west from the mountain; Snakes (like the Big Dipper, crawling like a long snake); Visible (or presented or hidden); Dog teeth (like dog teeth); Mutual difference (staggered); Under the sun (downward); Shadow cloth on the stone (reflective); A follower (follower, follower); It is too clear (because it is too sad) 1. Looking at the southwest of the pool, it is obviously flickering. Their shore potentials are different from each other and their sources are unknown.

There are hundreds of fish in the pond, and they are all swimming in the air. There is a sentence in the article that is similar to "swim with the fine stone and look directly at the person" in Zhu Shu:

A Night Tour in Chengtian Temple? Su Dongpo, happy without thinking (thinking, thinking), set out happily (happy, happy); Beggars' Sect Bai Zhu Ye Ying (Beggars' Sect: table guess, equivalent to "original"); However, there are few idle people (but: just) The courtyard is as empty as water, and the water is covered with bamboo and cypress. The sentence describing the beautiful night scene of Chengtian Temple is:

Born in sorrow and died in happiness, Mencius was born in Zou, a thinker and educator in the Warring States period. "Mencius? Under this accusation, the legalist Fu Shi (Fu: refers to,. ); Balance is under consideration (balance: héng cross, infarction, refers to failure. ); So be patient (endure: make ... difficult. ); Then do (do: stand up and do something. ) 1. If you enter, you can't go home. If you leave, you will be invincible against foreign invasion. If you die, you will die.

2. Born in sorrow, died in happiness. Therefore, the great task of heaven is to be a man, so we must first suffer from his mind, his bones and muscles, his body and skin, his body, and his behavior. So he has been patient and benefited from his incompetence.

Debate and participation between Cao Gui and Zuo Zhuan; Fall down; Contemptuous and short-sighted; Fu, convincing; Add oil and vinegar, exaggerate, do more with less money; Again, the second time; Both, already; Although, even if; Prison, case; Full, full and high morale is 1. You can go to war. Please pay attention to this war.

2. Work hard, then decline, and finally run out. What does Cao Gui think are the conditions for "going to World War I"?

Eight times "Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qi to teach" and "Warring States Policy" are beautiful: bright and beautiful; Peep: according to; Dan Day: The next day; Beauty me: I feel beautiful, and the word "beauty" is a conative usage; Private: preference; Cover: Love is blind and unknown; Face stabbing: accusing face to face, face is a noun as an adverbial; Smell: make ... hear, which is the verb usage; Intermittent entry: come in occasionally; Term: whole year 1. My wife is a private minister, my concubine is afraid of me, and my guests are more beautiful than Xu Gong.

2. Those who can slander the city and hear my ears will be rewarded tomorrow. What conclusion did Xu Gonglai and Zou Ji draw by comparison?

Western Han Dynasty? Sima Qian? Self-serving army in Historical Records: labor, comfort and reward; Sergeant quilt: quilt, the same as "put on" means to wear or put on the body; The son of heaven is coming: and, yes; There is nothing to live in: soon; Ambassadors keep the festival: make 1, send; Ambassador 2, emissary, envoy; General's Covenant: Covenant, stipulation; Xu xing: Xu, slow, refers to taking action leisurely; Outside the army: both, already; Large entrance: large, large-scale, large-scale; Sharp weapon: sharp, sharp, which means "to sharpen" in the text; Variable capacity car: change the capacity and change the appearance; Capture: capture 1. The army has heard of your legend, but not the imperial edict.

2. It will be strong and can be attacked.

Peach Blossom Garden in Eastern Jin Dynasty? Tao Yuanming sets Tao Yuanming: along, along; Difference: surprised by the scenery you see; Poverty: exhausted, which means to come to an end; Only through one person: only through one person; Like: a neat appearance; Genus: class; Traffic intercommunication; Salty: both; Despair: an isolated place; No matter: don't say; Query: query message 1. Ask what is going on in the world today, whether there are Han people or not, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties.

2. For others, humanism is not enough.

The land is flat and spacious, the house is just like that, and there are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo. The sentences describing the beautiful natural environment of Taoyuan are as follows: The sentences reflecting the peaceful and happy social environment are.

"Yueyang Tower" Northern Song Dynasty? Fan Zhongyan's Fan Wenzheng and Gong Ji adds to its old system: it expands its old scale. System and scale. Boundless: broad and boundless. Edge. Edge. From morning till night, it is cloudy: it changes in the morning and evening (within one day). Light, sunshine. A spectacular sight. Everything the elder said is ready: the elder explained it in detail. Be prepared and detailed. Mountain hidden form: Mountain hidden into the body. Twilight: It's dark at night. Thin and approaching. Ji Xiang: Sometimes it flies, sometimes it stops. Stop, stop, the bird stops in the tree. An Zhi Lan Ting: Grass on the shore, orchids on the small continent. The long smoke disappeared: a large area of smoke completely dissipated. One, all of them. He Ji: There is no end. Tilt damage: the mast fell down and the paddle broke. Gloomy: describes a strong aroma. Leave the wine in the wind: if you take the wine in the wind, you will drink it in the breeze. Wait, wait, wait. Wes: There is no such person. Wei, nothing, nothing. Who am I with? Who am I with? Return, take refuge 1. Open-minded and cheerful, regardless of all the gains and losses of honor and disgrace.

2. Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later.

3. Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world. From the couplet "Surrounded by the lake on all sides, every family is worried", we can think of two sentences in Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower": worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later. In the face of the joy of success and the pain of failure in life, we should have the mentality of "not being happy with things, not being sad for ourselves".

On the warring States period of autumn water? Autumn Water in Zhuangzi: Autumn Flood. Hundreds of rivers flow into the Yellow River. Rinse, inject. Yellow River. Don't argue about cows and horses: you can't tell the difference between cows and horses. Debate, distinguish, and now write "distinguish". Cheerful: In a cheerful manner. Take the beauty of the world for yourself: think that everything in the world is on yourself. Yourself, yourself. Look east: look east. Face, face, face. Look, look. Look at the sea: look up. Wild talk: common saying, common saying. Don't be yourself: that is, "don't be yourself". No one can match yourself. Between Zhong Ni and Confucius: Confucius is considered to have little knowledge. I think Boyi's morality is light. Generous family: the one who wins the Tao. Party, road. 1. I call those who "know a hundred and think they are self-sufficient".

Only when I know less about Zhong Ni and despise the meaning of Boyi, will I believe it.

"The Snake Catcher said" Tang? Dead Muscle in Selected Works of Liu Hedong by Liu Zongyuan: Removing Dead Muscle. In the second year: twice a year. Fu, levy and receive. When renting in: it will offset his tax. When, when. How to run: go all out to do (catch snakes), struggle and scramble. Be busy doing (sth). Three: three generations. Father and son call each other a lifetime. Death is: dying in this matter. If toxic: Do you hate it? Poison, hatred, resentment. Attendant: a person who manages political affairs, referring to local officials, attends and manages. More services: changing officers. Labor, labor, working for the government. Wang Ran: Her eyes are full of tears. Accumulate in the present: accumulate to the present. Accumulate year by year. Leave their land: hand over all products on their land. Exhausted: Their family's income has been turned in. Lu, house, home. Borrow the dead: the dead are pressing each other, which means that there are many dead people. Borrow, disperse and pad. Today, there is nothing in the room: now there is no one in ten people. Shocking: To frighten (the rural momentum) by shouting. Although chickens and dogs can't be peaceful: even chickens and dogs can't be peaceful Eat it: feed it carefully. 1. I've been an heir for twelve years now. How many people died?

If you don't serve me, you will be ill for a long time.

3. ouch Who knows that Fu Lian's poison is very snake! Therefore, it is necessary for husband to observe people.

4. ouch Who knows that Fu Lian's poison is very snake! Therefore, it is necessary for husband to observe people. Who knows that Fu Lian's poison is very snake! Therefore, it is necessary for husband to observe people.

Ten genres of Analects of Confucius: quotations. It is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and is an academic classic of Confucianism. Seek: to make suggestions for solving other people's problems. Loyalty: sincerity. Xi: Comments. Office: according to the availability, take. Evil: disgust, disgust. Hongyi: Ambitious and strong-willed. Si Qi: When you meet a sage, you should think about how to be consistent with the virtue of the sage. There is a long way to go: a heavy burden and a long journey mean a great responsibility.

Adult beauty: fulfilling the virtues of others. 1. Confucius said: "Seeing the sage Si Qi is not introspective."

2. Ceng Zi said: "Scholars have a long way to go to strive for self-improvement."

3. Confucius said: "The beauty of a gentleman as an adult is not the evil of an adult. The villain is the opposite. " It's a long way to Xiu Yuan, isn't it a pleasure? , not far?

"My Fish" Warring States Period? Meng Zide: It means objective possibility. G: If you can. This means doing whatever it takes to make a living. Evil: disgust, disgust. Therefore: So. Reason: Because of this reason. So: For this reason. Independence: Only. Hal: The way you yell. Wanzhong: A generous salary. Serve: serve. Despise: Refuse to accept because of contempt. Initial heart: nature, good nature; The original wish. A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. Therefore, the great task of heaven is to be a man, so we must first suffer from his mind, his bones and muscles, his body and skin, his body, and his behavior. So he has been patient and benefited from his incompetence.

Nine times "Erguwen" Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty? Ye Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Conscription. When: When. Lift: recommend, choose. One: Go, arrive. Transfer: To be promoted or transferred to an official position. Therefore: once upon a time. Legacy: a gift. Or: someone. Thick: generous. Cheap: refers to things that are beneficial to the country. Fang: Bi, Bi. Although: although. Use: dating. Actually: the whole. Election: merit-based appointment. 1. Older elders may want to start a business.

2. I used to be accompanied by someone.

Although I was unconscious, I didn't sleep at night.

"With Zhu Shu" Southern Dynasties Liang? Wu junfeng smoke: refers to smoke. * * * color: same color. All: all. X: It is approximate, equivalent to "times" and "about". Unique: unique; Absolutely, extremely. Go with the flow: Go with the flow by boat. Follow, follow, follow. Light blue: white with blue. Rapids: Rapids of water. Look straight: If you keep looking, you can see clearly without obstacles. This describes that the river is very clear. What arrow: than. Qiao Ben: Like a galloping horse. Forgetting: lingering; "Oppose" and "return" are the same. Not poor: exhausted; Endless: stop. Visible: the same as "now", appearing and revealing. Point: to. 1. The rapids are very fast, if there are fierce waves.

2. The horizontal branches are covered, and the daytime is still faint; The thin strips set each other off, and sometimes the sun shines. 1. The beauty of the Fuchun River can be summarized as "_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

2.

The Two Warring States in Zhuangzi? Zhuangzi: Often, often. Fred: Well, kind. Seven orifices: People have seven holes in their eyes, ears, nose and mouth, so they are called seven orifices. Has: stopped, here refers to the completion of training. Fang: Positive. Rely on: rely on. Y: still. Should: respond. Ring: ring, here refers to the crow of chickens. Shadow: Shadow refers to the approach of other chickens. Disease: glare. No change: no response. Germany: refers to the spirit. Different: something else. Answer: Go and fight. Reverse walk: Turn around and run away. 1. "A few days, although the chicken crowed, it still didn't change."

2. Shu and suddenly meet in a chaotic place. Chaos is good.

The model of the Three Kingdoms? Zhuge Liang collapsed: the emperor died. Emperor Guangxu's legacy: carry forward. Humble: contempt. Magnificence: carry forward. Appropriate metaphor: appropriate quotation. Whether it is good (evil) or good (reward), punish (punish). Similarities and differences: different. Punishment reward: punishment. Zhao's principle ... shows governance (8) Shu county: benevolence and righteousness. Collapse: overthrow and decline. Overturn: defeat. B: civilians. Plough: Personally, I think. . Wen Da: Be an official and get ahead. Accusation: humiliation (here: degrading). Drive: Run for service. Evening: morning. Barren land: a desolate place Fatigue: hope. Blunt (bad horse) (sharp blade): metaphor can be mediocre. Eliminate: eradicate. . Akira: Performing. Consider loss (decrease) and gain (increase): consider. Slow: snub. Show one's faults by showing one's faults. Ask for advice: ask. Ya Yan: Correct. Tears on the face: tears on the face. Autumn: time. Shi Liang: A kind and honest man. Eccentricity: Eccentricity. Advantages and disadvantages: 1 high talent and low talent. The next three points today will make Yizhou exhausted, which is also a crucial autumn.

2. The pro-virtuous minister is far from a villain, and this pre-Han is so prosperous; Dear villain, far from being a good minister, Han has been depressed since then.

If you live in troubled times, don't ask Wenda to be a vassal.

The first emperor didn't intend to be a minister, and his accusation was broken ... because he was grateful, he promised the first emperor to drive him.

When I was appointed to the defeated army, I was already in danger for twenty years. 1. Zhuge Liang suggested that Liu Chan adhere to the same standards when rewarding and punishing palace officials and government officials.

2. Zhuge Liang's statement that strict rewards and punishments were put forward by his former master is

3. The author puts forward three suggestions to the late master.

Sorting out the knowledge of classical Chinese poetry in junior middle school

What are the genre themes of the authors of several titles? Emotion highlights artistic characteristics.

I'm going back to my hometown to write a book, don? He's seven-paragraph farewell, the joy of returning home, has long hurt the feeling of the elderly. The dramatic scene of children laughing and asking questions is very touching. When a child meets a stranger, he will ask the guest where he is from.

A letter to a friend in the north on a rainy night, Tang? Li Shangyin's four-line wanderer's loneliness and homesickness in Bashan are rich in imagination and sincere in feelings. He should go to the west window to cut candles, but when it comes to late rain.

Farewell to friends in Huaishang? The seven unique friends of Zheng and drum express their feelings through the scenery, and the scene blends with each other. Several bagpipes leave the pavilion late, so don't make me miss Qin.

Farewell to the viceroy and go to work in Shuzhong? Wang Bo's five-law farewell poem is different from the general farewell poem. It comforts and encourages friends who are about to leave, and shows an open-minded attitude towards life. While China holds our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor.

Fu Letian first met Tang in Yangzhou? Liu Yuxi's "Seven Laws" expresses the author's grief and indignation, broad-minded mind and positive spirit of migrating to Bashan and Chushui for more than 20 years. Clever use of allusions and metaphors is naturally appropriate. High style, open-minded and optimistic. Qian Fan is on the side of the sunken ship, and Wan Muchun is in front of the diseased tree.

I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao kiln to send this to Tang? Li Bai's deep sympathy and concern for his friends' misfortunes, as well as his hatred of official feuds, helped me to express my feelings through the scenery, enriched my imagination and worried about the bright moon, and went with you to Yelang West.

Jiangnan Chuntang? Du Mu's beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is seven wonders, and his love style is bright and beautiful, with outstanding characteristics. Thousands of miles of Ti Ying are green and red, and the water town and country are full of wine flags.

Deng Fei came to Fengsong? Wang Anshi expressed his political ambition in seven ways, confidently using scenery to reason, not afraid of clouds to cover his eyes, and only lived in the highest realm.

Wang Yuetang? Du Fu's Five Laws praised Mount Tai, expressed his enterprising spirit, described it from different angles, and contained the profound philosophy endowed by the creator with all mysterious natural beauty and the spirit of all things. One day immediately enters dawn and dusk ... try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.

Looking at the sea in the Eastern Han Dynasty? Cao Cao's ancient poems express his ambition to unify China and make contributions with a broad mind, express his feelings with scenery and praise his trip to the sun and the moon. Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.

Seven drinks in the Eastern Jin Dynasty? Tao Yuanming's five laws return to nature, and his life pursues the integration of scenery, emotion and reason. His artistic conception is profound and implicit. Why can you ask him? The heart is far from being self-centered. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely

A berth at the foot of Beibao Mountain. Wang Wan's seven methods describe magnificent scenery and express the feeling of time passing. They are vivid and contain natural interest. There is a dead night on the sea, and the old year melts in the clear spring.

In early spring, Zhang came to the Tang Dynasty and was a member of the Ministry of Water Affairs. Han Yu's love for early spring scenery is fresh and natural, with endless aftertaste in plain, but there is no grass color in the distance.

Wild goose gate satrap hall? Li He's "Seven Laws" shows the determination of soldiers to serve the court. The artistic conception is desolate and the tone is tragic. Dark clouds are pressing the city to destroy, and the armor is spreading.

Tianjingsha? Qiu Si dollars? Ma Zhiyuan's song (Xiaoling) is a picture of late autumn, picturesque and lonely, as if telling the sunset that heartbroken people are at the end of the world.

All the way to Altair? The anonymous ancient poems express the pain of love frustration through fairy tales, and the use of reduplication is full of words.

Farewell to my friend Tang on Jingmen Ferry? Li Bai's Five Laws depict beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers, express farewell to a strong journey, and have an open and passionate vision. They combined close-ups and scenes, and the scenery was magnificent. They opened to the end of the mountain and the plains began to meander through the wilderness with rivers.

Language:

Grasp the key points and skillfully use methods

Now the senior high school entrance examination has entered the sprint stage. At present, students have two kinds of mentality in reviewing Chinese: some students think that there are many Chinese knowledge points, and the senior high school entrance examination pays attention to students' extracurricular migration ability, and the textbook content is less, so they often focus on some "crash" subjects, which makes them impetuous when reviewing Chinese; There are also some students who think that the exam has no effect after carefully reviewing the textbook knowledge and doing a lot of reading questions. They felt that there was no way to start reviewing Chinese, so they simply gave up. These practices are very undesirable. In fact, Chinese, like other subjects, has its own knowledge system and review rules. Judging from the students' review in previous years, in the sprint stage, if we can follow the teacher's review plan, review and form a knowledge network, answer questions according to the correct skills and methods, and be sure before the exam, we can achieve ideal results in the exam.

So, what strategies and methods should be paid attention to in the final sprint stage?

Let's briefly talk about the practice of our school teachers in the final review stage:

First of all, we should carefully "thoroughly" the examination questions of the past two years. In the past two years, the structure, content, type and quantity of senior high school entrance examination questions have remained basically unchanged. The examination paper is divided into four sections: accumulation, classical Chinese reading, modern Chinese reading and composition. The content of the examination questions is relatively stable, and the purpose of the examination is clear: from the accumulation and application of famous sayings and sentences in and out of class, to the reading of classical Chinese in and out of class, to the reading of modern Chinese after class, and finally to the writing of topic composition. Pay attention to the examination of students' knowledge accumulation, especially the examination of students' ability to analyze and solve problems in combination with life practice and life experience. How to analyze the examination questions in recent two years? Now only four parts of the test paper are briefly explained.

First, the accumulation part. The scope of the exam is basically the famous sentences that are required to be recited in the reading questions of junior high school teaching. Reciting and reviewing should not only strengthen memory, but also understand it and use it flexibly. We should not only recite the article, but also implement every word, especially the words that are often wrong in dictation.

Always "looking back" Remember: one word difference, the whole game is lost.

Second, the classical Chinese part. The scope of classical Chinese examination in class is teaching and reading articles in junior high school. Pay attention to the key points when reviewing. According to the examination scope and requirements of the syllabus and your familiarity, you should choose the key review content. Generally examine the meaning and usage of function words and content words commonly used in classical Chinese. Content words often examine words with polysemy, different meanings in ancient and modern times and flexible parts of speech; The focus of sentence examination is the sentence structure and sentence meaning of key sentences; The examination of the content is basically the same as that of modern Chinese. From words, phrases and sentences to literary common sense, thoughts and feelings, expression techniques, etc. We should find out the main points and sum up the rules. Second, we must choose a good title. Choosing beautiful articles in teaching and reading content is often the most typical article with the widest knowledge coverage in classical Chinese, so that review can get twice the result with half the effort.

In the past two years, most of the extracurricular reading of classical Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination chose story paragraphs. The content is relatively simple, and the content of the investigation is basically the same as that in the classroom. When doing problems, we must pay attention to the connection with the texts or knowledge points learned in class, and pay attention to the migration and application from class to extracurricular.

Classical Chinese reading problems are mainly divided into two categories. One is translation. The solution to this kind of problem is:

(1) Have a general understanding of the full text and grasp the text tendency. (2) Understand the meaning of the translated sentence context in detail, translate it word by word, and make corrections, reservations, deletions, additions and adjustments. When translating, pay attention to the key words in the sentence, which are often the score points. (3) The meanings of words in the text can also be deduced from modern words and idioms. (4) In addition, we should pay attention to some special phenomena, such as flexible use of parts of speech, different meanings in ancient and modern times, words that pass through falsehood, and compound words with partial meanings. (5) If literal translation fails, use free translation. We must infer from the context, not stick to the original structure, and boldly speculate in connection with real life. The second is enlightenment. When answering such questions, we should pay attention to the ideological tendency, grasp the author's basic emotional position, contact the main plot and main characters of the article, and grasp the key sentences to think and answer from multiple angles and sides.