(1) Measures: change the enfeoffment system to the county system and repair the equator. (3 points) Significance: Strengthen the management in Shandong; Consolidate national unity. (2 points)

(2) Change: From military and political functions to economic functions, industry and commerce are developed. (2 points)

(3) Distribution: the urban distribution is mainly along the canal to the railway; (2 points) expanding from inland to coastal areas; (2 points) Function: From traditional industrial and commercial towns to modern industrial and commercial cities. (2 points)

(4) Western capitalist economic aggression; The rise and development of modern national industry. (2 points)

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