First, the basic principles of tax planning

(a) Tax planning should be subject to financial decisions.

Enterprise tax planning is realized by arranging enterprise management, which will have a certain impact on enterprise investment and financing and interest distribution. If the enterprise's tax planning is seriously out of touch with financial decision-making, it will seriously affect the feasibility and scientificity of decision-making, and even lead to the wrong decision-making behavior of enterprises. For example, the tax law stipulates that enterprises can enjoy relevant preferential treatment for their export products. If enterprises choose an open export strategy, their economic benefits will be improved. If we just ignore the international market and the competitiveness of enterprises, blindly pursuing such tax incentives may lead enterprises to make wrong decisions.

(B) tax planning should analyze the costs and benefits.

The fundamental goal of tax planning is to obtain certain income. However, all planning schemes have two sides. In the process of implementing a planning scheme, taxpayers may get some tax benefits, but they may also pay a certain price for implementing this scheme, or they may lose some money by giving up other schemes. If the new cost is less than the income, the planning scheme is reasonable, and if the loss cost is greater than the income, then the scheme can be said to be a failure. Therefore, successful tax planning needs the comparison and selection of various tax schemes, and all aspects should be considered comprehensively.

(3) Tax planning should consider the time value of money.

The tax planning of enterprises is not only to compare the tax burden of enterprises, but also to fully consider the time value of funds, because if a tax payment scheme can greatly reduce the current tax burden, it may also increase the tax burden in the future, which puts forward certain requirements for the financial managers of enterprises. In the process of evaluating tax payment schemes, it is necessary to introduce the concept of time value to discount different tax payment schemes or the same tax payment scheme in different periods. However, it should be noted that currencies in different periods have different results and values. If the choice of tax year is different, there will be some differences in tax payable.

(d) Tax planning should not ignore risks and benefits.

Tax planning can get some benefits, but at the same time it will also produce some risks. Risk refers to the possible changes in various results under certain circumstances and conditions, or the emergence of economic fluctuations, market risks and operational risks, which may lead to a gap between the expected results and the actual results of something. These risks include both external and internal factors. Therefore, enterprises should not ignore any part of risks and benefits, but should take certain measures to resolve and disperse risks, so as to play the role of seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages.

Second, tax planning in all aspects of financial management activities

(1) fund-raising activities

Fund-raising refers to the process that enterprises concentrate funds to meet the needs of fund use and investment. The source of enterprise funds mainly includes two aspects: the first is to absorb the direct investment of investors, or to make it the capital of the enterprise itself by issuing stocks; The second is to use bank loans, commercial credit, etc. Generate debt funds for enterprises.

(b) Tax planning in investment activities

1. Select the investment direction

At present, the tax system for domestic and foreign-funded enterprises in China is different. Relatively speaking, there are more tax incentives for investment in foreign-funded enterprises. Moreover, in order to adjust the industrial structure, the state has certain preferential tax policies for high-tech enterprises, product export enterprises and productive foreign-invested enterprises.

2. Choose the form of enterprise organization

Mainly refers to the choice of subsidiaries or branches when setting up branches. If a branch company has more favorable policies than the head office, it should set up a subsidiary company, and vice versa.

3. Choose an investment location

In the process of enterprise investment, based on infrastructure and financial environment, we should make use of the differences of tax system and regional policies in different regions to invest in places with lower tax burden in order to obtain greater benefits.

(C) tax planning in the course of operation

1. Selection of inventory valuation method

Tax planning through inventory valuation mainly considers factors such as enterprise tax environment and price changes, makes an accurate and objective judgment on the price trend in the next year, and chooses the most favorable method for enterprise tax burden. In the process of falling prices, the first-in-first-out method should be adopted for inventory counting. If the price fluctuates, the moving weighted or weighted average method should be adopted.

2. The choice of depreciation method of fixed assets

The depreciation of fixed assets will directly affect the current profit and loss of enterprises. When using funds, it can reduce the tax of enterprises and delay tax payment. If the scale of the enterprise is expanded, the annual investment will increase, then the deferred tax payment can be maintained and the effect of tax reduction can be achieved.

3. All expenses, but not exceeding the limit.

According to the provisions of the tax law, such amortization and expenses should be listed as much as possible. For example, if the expenses such as publicity expenses, entertainment expenses and advertising expenses are clearly limited, they can be used to the maximum extent, and the corresponding loss expenses can be deducted only after being reported to the relevant departments for approval. Must be submitted for approval on time to increase corporate profits.

4. Selection of purchasing objects

For the general taxpayer of value-added tax, if the buyers are different, the additional tax and turnover tax borne by the enterprise will be different. In the case that the output tax has been determined, if the purchasing object is an enterprise with a relatively high VAT rate, the input tax deduction is relatively large, and the payment of VAT and additional tax can be reduced. Generally speaking, ordinary taxpayers can get the biggest tax deduction by issuing special invoices, and small-scale taxpayers can also get tax deduction by obtaining invoices issued by tax authorities.

Third, optimize the tax planning of enterprise financial management

(A) tax planning is conducive to the realization of financial management objectives.

Perfect financial management plays a very important role in enterprise management. In the traditional enterprise financial management mode, there is a very strong color of planned economy, and taxation is also regarded as a contribution to the country, without paying attention to the influence of taxation on the enterprise financial management system. However, in the process of national economic development, the tax system has been gradually improved, and the problem of tax planning has become more and more prominent. First of all, tax planning is closely related to the establishment and evaluation of enterprise financial management objectives. To achieve the goal of enterprise financial management, it requires enterprises to minimize costs and reduce tax burden. Taxation includes direct tax and indirect tax. Direct tax refers to the expenses that should be taxed in business activities and paid according to law. Indirect burden refers to a series of expenses incurred by enterprises in handling tax-related affairs. Although tax evasion can achieve the goal of reducing tax burden, these two methods often cause huge financial risks to enterprises. If it is found out, the enterprise must accept tax fines and other penalties, and its credit rating will be greatly reduced, which is contrary to the purpose of modern enterprise financial management. Therefore, only by planning and arranging some investment, operation and financial management behaviors, making scientific planning and choosing the best scheme, can the tax burden be greatly reduced, the requirements of modern financial management be met and the related goals of modern enterprise financial management be realized.

(B) In the process of enterprise financial decision-making, tax planning is very important.

Enterprises should not only consider the capital demand, but also consider the financing cost when making financing decisions. For funds from different channels or channels, there are different cost allocation methods in tax law. For example, the interest expenses of bonds can be distributed before tax, but for stocks, the interest generated can only be distributed after tax. Therefore, in order to greatly reduce the financing cost of enterprises, it is necessary to consider some tax factors in financing activities, plan financing channels and methods scientifically and reasonably, and choose the most appropriate capital structure. In the process of investment decision-making, enterprises should consider what benefits such activities will bring to enterprises. Taxation can be said to be the deduction of investment income, and the provisions of tax law on investment mode, investment industry, investment field, organization form and investment period are also different, which requires enterprises to consider the influence of tax system when investing and ensure the scientific nature of tax planning. In the decision-making process of production and operation, tax factors are reflected in production scale, purchase and sale, inventory management, cost and many other aspects. Therefore, there are also problems such as how to carry out tax planning. In the process of profit distribution, the way enterprises obtain profits, the way of profit distribution and the arrangement and choice of compensation time will be affected by tax law, so a series of tax planning is also needed. In addition, in the decision-making process of enterprise reorganization, tax planning should also be carried out according to the policy differences in enterprise merger, division and liquidation.

(C) tax planning can improve the solvency and profitability of enterprises.

It can be said that in financial capacity, profitability is a very important embodiment, and corporate profitability is usually expressed in after-tax profits. There are two ways for enterprises to increase after-tax profits: the first is to increase income, and the second is to reduce costs. As the necessary cost of an enterprise, the higher the tax, the lower the profit. Therefore, enterprises should use tax planning to reduce the relevant tax amount and greatly increase their profitability. As far as the financial ability of an enterprise is concerned, the solvency is another important content, which reflects the solvency of the enterprise to the due debts at a certain point in time. Enterprises can pay off debts with monetary funds or non-cash assets. The tax payment of enterprises is relatively rigid. In the process of continuous operation, an enterprise shall pay through monetary funds in accordance with the relevant provisions of the tax law. If the monetary fund is insufficient and there is no financing for a while, the enterprise may be punished to a certain extent, which will seriously damage the corporate image. Therefore, enterprises should make reasonable tax planning, arrange tax expenditure reasonably, and avoid cash shortage when necessary, thus greatly increasing the solvency of enterprises.

Four. Concluding remarks

Generally speaking, tax planning is very complicated and involves a wide range. It is a field that pays attention to both practice and theory, which is of great significance to the development of national economy and the healthy development of enterprises. Tax planning can be said to be the basic right of taxpayers, and it is also a planning process that can be basked in the sun.

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