Has the mausoleum of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang been stolen?
June 65438+1October 65438+April, 2003, Xianyang, Shaanxi. The news that the tomb of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang was stolen shocked both at home and abroad. Xianyang police recovered 22 pastel horse-riding figurines, which were cultural relics in the tomb that the grave robbers had not had time to sell. According to insiders of the police, it is not excluded that some cultural relics have flowed overseas.
This is just the tip of the iceberg. Mr. Xie Zhensheng, former consultant of National Cultural Heritage Administration and honorary president of China Cultural Relics Society, said that the phenomenon of grave robbery is becoming more and more serious, and even it takes only a few days to complete all the links and processes of cultural relics excavation and sales. Compared with the past, grave robbery has been completely industrialized.
65438+ 10 16, when the reporter entered the hinterland of the Nine Mausoleums of the Western Han Dynasty on the north bank of the Weihe River along the wide highway in the eastern suburb of Xianyang City, several grave robbers who opened the ancient tombs here had just been arrested.
Fiona Fang, which is less than 65,438+000 square kilometers, looks vast and empty. The Wuling Plateau Highway with an investment of 30 million yuan has just been completed in half, and the roadside is full of mounds in the shape of large and small buckets. The nine imperial capitals of the Western Han Dynasty, including Liu Bang, were buried here.
? In the evening, it will be another scene. The locals and grave robbers from Henan are out? Xu Haishan, a senior national cultural relic expert in the car with the reporter, made archaeological investigations in this ancient tomb from 1980s to early 1990s, and knew almost every inch of land here like the back of his hand.
Grave robbers are definitely not interested in these bare mounds. Xu Haishan said, can we treat this place as a mine, just like developing gold and silver mines? This may be the highest value of any real estate that produces goods on earth? A year ago, a terracotta warrior head stolen from Shaanxi was intercepted at Guangzhou Customs. It is said that the owner in the middle is an Iraqi cultural relic dealer engaged in oil business, and the asking price exceeds 1 100 million yuan. This is a sky-high and expensive business. ? It took a grave robber three days to transport the most common Han figurines here from 50 meters underground to the surface, and ten years of livelihood fell? ,? Xianyang alone has 1 135 ancient tombs, not counting the cultural relics on the ground? Xu played a joke on the reporter. This poor place is too prone to criminal impulses. ?
In June of 5438+04, the Changling of Liu Bang was stolen, which was somewhat dramatic. Gao Jian 'an, the captain of the Cultural Relics Investigation Brigade of the Criminal Police Detachment of Xianyang City Public Security Bureau, showed the reporter about 20 tomb-robbing tools seized that time. There are dozens of pounds of ropes, probes, shovels, wireless probes installed on remote control vehicles, crowbars and night vision equipment. These metal and electronic things actually look quite delicate. ? Now grave robbers are all equipped like a group of elegant thieves? Gao Jian' an recalled that on June 5438+04, the anti-excavation detachment of the cultural relics investigation brigade received a report saying? Are there any shadows in the field? 15 in the morning, six policemen laid an ambush in Changling. In half an hour, Li, a peasant party soldier in Sanyi Village, Yaodian Town, was caught red-handed. I thought the mission was completed. Unexpectedly, one of our policemen returned to Changling to clean up the scene in the afternoon, only to find that there was another person sweating and moving things to the ground in the same place? , high said,? Grave robbers are getting bolder and bolder. They dug a hole, even if they were dead, they would see things. ?
? Fortunately, what was stolen was just a burial pit? Shi Xingbang, former director of Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology, said in an interview? If it's really Liu Bang's tomb, I'm afraid things will disturb the top. ? Many Shaanxi officials interviewed by the reporter kept their mouths shut about the theft of Changling.
Officials of the Cultural Relics Section of Xianyang Cultural Relics Administration Bureau have repeatedly stressed that journalists are afraid of making too much publicity about the impact of the incident? This is just a small grave. Nothing is lacking. There is nothing to learn. ?
That was not the case. In the 6 1 mu area of Changling, the reporter saw more than 20 stolen caves for one person to enter and exit. Only around the main tomb of Liu Bang, which is nearly 800 meters, there are nine uneven holes. Now it is impossible to verify when these stolen holes were left, but it can be concluded that Liu Bang's tomb is far from being visited by grave robbers for the first time.
What is even more surprising is that tens of thousands of plum blossom spots scattered in the mausoleum area are densely explored. The reporter probably measured it, and the deep exploration hole is more than 30 meters, which is generally about 15 meters. Xu Haishan told reporters that among the existing Han tombs, Liu Bang's tomb has the largest number of funerary tombs, with 63. At first, there were obvious mounds in these tombs. After a long time, the small mound disappeared, making it more difficult to rob the tomb. Grave robbers must rely on this intensive drilling exploration to determine the location of ancient tombs? . Xu said, how about it? If all the grave-robbing boreholes in Shaanxi are connected, it will be enough to pierce the earth three times. ?
Although in such an extraordinary period, it was written in bright red characters? It is a great honor to defend the national treasure? The cultural relics management office of Liu Bangchang's mausoleum is still empty. The rusty iron gate was locked. Five steps away from this empty house is an endless sight? Steal a hole? .
The real cemetery location of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang.
Liu Bang's Tomb, also known as Changling, is located in Yaodian Town, about 20 kilometers east of Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. Changling also has a name? Changshan? , the tomb of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang. Let's learn what Liu Bang's tomb is like and what is the history of Liu Bang's tomb.
Liu Bang, Ji Zi, was born in Pei County. At the beginning, the Qin Dynasty and the later Qin Dynasty led all 3,000 disciples to resist the Qin Dynasty. Later, with the victory of the war, the Western Han Dynasty was established and became the first in China? Cloth? The emperor. The address of Changling is located at the highest point at the source of Xianyang, and was once the former site of Xianyang Palace in Qin Dynasty. Seen from a distance, it is magnificent. It faces Weiyang Palace across the sea in the south and Jiusan in the north. If you overlook it, it will be another kind of scenery.
During the period from 1970 to 1976, the relevant person in charge of Shaanxi Province conducted a comprehensive investigation in this area, and a large number of cultural relics were found in the investigation. As we all know, Changling is the burial tomb of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang and Empress Lv Zhi, and the site of the mausoleum is still there. The whole mausoleum is rectangular in plane, with a north-south direction of about 1000m and a width of about 900m from east to west. On the west wall of the mausoleum, the ruins of the city gate, about 23 meters long, were found, and a long rammed earth remained on her ground. His mausoleum is located in the south of the whole cemetery, about 250 meters away from Gaozu Mausoleum and Lvhou Mausoleum. The eastern part of Changling is a burial area with an area of about 15 Li. According to historical records, many important ministers, relatives and nobles were buried here. Looking around, one by one, people can't help but sigh, the grand occasion of everything in the Han Dynasty.
What is the personality of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang?
There have always been two opinions about Liu Bang's character, one is praise and the other is criticism, and there are even two extreme schools. Saying that he has a bad character will associate him with larded school, and saying that he has a good character will combine his advantages. In any case, most characters are not absolute, what's more, Liu Bang was once the founder.
From the viewpoint of belittling Liu Bang's character, he is a dissolute and lecherous local ruffian. At home, he has no intention of working and no economic income. I often get together with people to drink. After building the army, I put interests first, and I don't care about my children's feelings. I kill heroes treacherously. Liu Bang's rogue was said by his father Liu Taigong. After he became emperor, he was drunk once and complained to his father in court, saying that in his early years, his father always said that he was worthless and would not buy property, so he was not as good as his second brother. In fact, Liu Bang did have some bad behaviors, such as kicking off the young Huidi and Princess Luyuan several times when he fled, breaking the previous Covenant when he led the army back to the East after solving the gap with Xiang Yu, and abolishing and killing several heterosexual kings after the world was stable.
In the eyes of some people who praise Liu Bang, it is not unreasonable that he can achieve the world. In addition to the help of his subordinates, his own personality has also played a great role. They think that Liu Bang is generous and modest, kind, with a certain sense of responsibility and compassion for the people. When Liu Bang was a curator in his early years, he was responsible for escorting prisoners, but he let them all go. After entering the customs, he made three chapters of the law and promulgated some policies to benefit the people; When there was a rebellion in the Han Dynasty, he personally led the troops to pacify it, so he was the first emperor in history to levy it himself.
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