[Abstract] By consulting the literatures about the optimal allocation of network information resources at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the optimal allocation of network information resources from the aspects of contents, principles, modes and measures, and puts forward some research suggestions based on the theory of information ecology.

[Keywords:] optimal allocation of network information resources information ecology

With the popularization of computer network and the rapid development of information technology, the number of websites in China has increased dramatically. At present, the number of netizens has surpassed that of the United States, making it the country with the largest number of netizens in the world. No matter the government, enterprises or users, there are new requirements for the utilization of information resources. Although the capacity of network information resources has increased geometrically, the information sources are scattered, the quality is uneven, and the necessary organization and control are lacking, which seriously affects the acquisition and utilization of information resources. The optimal allocation of information resources has become a concern of information managers.

The allocation of network information resources is based on people's demand for network information resources and guided by the pursuit of efficiency and quality of network information resources allocation. By designing the flow direction of information resources on the network, the distribution of network information resources in type, content, quantity, time and space is further planned, and finally the purpose of providing convenient information services for network users and rational and effective use of information resources is achieved.

First, the necessity of research

1. Technological change and the development of Internet. With the rapid development of information technology, the technical architecture has experienced information islands, internal integration supported by local area network and distributed system based on Internet. The architecture has developed from single-layer structure to three-layer or even multi-layer structure, and from C-S structure to B-S structure. The emergence of the Internet is the product of the rapid development of modern science and technology, and its massive and inclusive information resources are unmatched by any other information media. Information resource management also has different stages of data management, information management, knowledge management and information ecology. The development and progress of technology and the rapid development of the Internet put forward higher requirements for information resource management, and the changes brought about by it must be fully considered.

2. The characteristics of network information resources. From the content point of view, network information resources have the characteristics of wide distribution, large quantity, many types and instability; Formally speaking, network information resources are nonlinear, interactive, dynamic, cumulative and diverse. Judging from the quality of information resources, network information resources have the characteristics of mixed quality and hard to distinguish between true and false. At present, there are still many problems in the utilization of network information resources: first, the network information resources lack effective organization; Second, the accuracy of information is low, and the disorder of online information resources is intensified; Third, the lack of in-depth development of network information resources. Only by actively and effectively organizing and managing network information resources can we bring a truly orderly information space and maximize the utility of information resources.

3. Problems existing in enterprises. Most enterprise application systems are in an "information island" state, with single application and department-level application in the majority, and less enterprise-level integrated application. The data of application systems are stored in different databases in different forms, and each business system is usually managed and maintained by different functional departments and distributed in different regions. Coupled with the protection measures of network and information security, these systems have overlapping functions and duplicate information and data, but it is difficult to communicate and share information smoothly with each other, forming an "information island".

4. Changes in the environment. At present, the managers of enterprises generally have the strategic concept of enterprise informatization, and the development of management information system, the establishment of e-commerce platform and the reorganization of enterprise processes are all in full swing. However, decision makers often ignore the influence of social, policy, economic, technical and other environmental factors on enterprise information construction when carrying out information transformation. Especially after entering the 2 1 century, the economic environment in which enterprises live has entered a nonlinear era of constant and drastic changes from a relatively stable and predictable linear era. In the past, information resource management provided various forecasting schemes for enterprise decision-making by giving enterprise information guarantee. However, the forecast provided now can't keep up with the change of the environment, and it is inevitable that information management is not applicable to the enterprise environment. Only enterprises suitable for the environment can survive and develop. In the information society, all kinds of things change faster and faster, and "change" has become the only constant factor. In order to adapt to the rapidly changing information environment, it is necessary to understand the information environment. The internal and external environment of an enterprise will have an important impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of information resource management. Only by facing up to the changes in the environment and adopting corresponding strategies can we solve the problems faced by enterprises.

Second, the research content

1. Optimal allocation of network information resources. Domestic scholars mostly discuss the content of network information resource allocation from three aspects: time, space and quantity characteristics of network information distribution. Li summarized the allocation of network information resources into four aspects: time vector allocation, space vector allocation, variety type allocation and quantity allocation. In the configuration of variety types, it is also distinguished from media types, content, timeliness, attribution characteristics, confidentiality and so on.

2. The principle of optimal allocation of network information resources. Liu Shuiyang pointed out that the allocation of network information resources should be carried out in an orderly and efficient manner through various modes under the guidance of certain principles, so as to maximize the effectiveness of network information resources and achieve the purpose of optimal allocation. He believes that we should follow the principles of macro-control, market demand orientation, quality assurance, integrated configuration and complementary cooperation, efficiency priority, fairness, combination of centralization and decentralization, and variety diversification.

Xu Enyuan introduced Pareto optimal theory in the book Principles and Models of Optimal Allocation of Network Information Resources, which is the theoretical basis of effective allocation of information resources. This paper analyzes the principles of social welfare maximization, demand orientation, fairness, coordination, complementarity between market means and government means, and combination of reasonable division of labor and all-round development.

3. Optimal allocation mode of network information resources. The configuration mode of network information resources includes macro configuration and micro configuration. Macro-allocation means that the government provides policy guidance on the allocation of information resources through macro-means, which is an administrative intervention at the government level. Generally speaking, macro-allocation researchers have discussed the following aspects: strengthening the construction of information infrastructure, perfecting information policies and regulations, setting the guiding goal of balanced allocation, introducing competition mechanism, and standardizing the planning and construction of incremental information resources.

Micro-allocation refers to the timely allocation of network information resources in time, space and quantity by information production and communication departments under the guidance of government macro-control, which is a technical and operational behavior. The key requirement is the configuration of network information resources in time, space, quantity, type and technology.

Guo Dongqiang and others think that the concepts of ecology and ecological balance should be introduced into the enterprise information system to form an enterprise information ecosystem. When the enterprise information ecosystem develops to a mature stage, the proportion and quantity of all kinds of enterprise information tend to be balanced, and the direction and flow of information tend to be stable, that is, the enterprise information ecosystem is in a balanced state. At this time, the whole social and economic resources have been optimized, and the economic subjects have not only achieved economic and social benefits, but also achieved ecological benefits. At the same time, he also suggested to face up to the harm of over-reliance on technology and the use of technology to the information environment of enterprises, put forward a "people-oriented" management model, attach importance to human factors and give full play to people's role.

4. Measures to optimize the allocation of network information resources. Most scholars have studied it from a macro perspective, and Gao Dan has put forward corresponding suggestions from a macro perspective: strengthening the construction of information infrastructure, allocating information resources at different levels, actively participating in the development of information resources, improving the quality of information personnel and cultivating an efficient information market. Mars believes that it is necessary to study users' needs, establish a national network information resource management coordination organization, and establish a high-quality database and legal guarantee mechanism. Chen Demin studied the management of network information resources from a technical point of view, including MARC format, DC metadata format, application classification and application subject method.

In On the Optimal Allocation of Information Resources under Collaborative E-commerce, Wang Yu said that the establishment of collaborative e-commerce must proceed from the whole industry, study the enjoyment and integration of information and resources of enterprises in the market environment, and the cooperation and coordination mechanism between enterprises, and establish an integrated information support platform that can provide enterprises to industries to regional enterprises. These are in line with the requirements of enterprise information ecosystem and its dynamic evolution characteristics. When the enterprise information ecosystem is established and developed to a mature stage, the proportion and quantity of all kinds of enterprise information and the proportion of enterprise groups tend to be balanced, and the flow and direction of information tend to be stable, that is, the balance of enterprise information ecosystem is realized. This balance is a true reflection of the market balance in the social economy, and the allocation of various social resources tends to be optimized at this time.

By investigating the research status of optimal allocation of network information resources, it is found that the optimal allocation and effective development and utilization of information resources under the network environment are the hot issues in the current information resource management research. Many domestic scholars have analyzed the connotation, principles and measures of optimal allocation of network information resources. They all agree with the necessity of optimal allocation of information resources based on network environment, but lack of specific case analysis and model establishment. In addition, there is a lack of corresponding research on the change of network information environment and the mode of optimal allocation of information resources.

Three. Research suggestion

The wide application and development of the network makes the exchange and sharing of information resources more convenient, and at the same time it has a great impact on the traditional information organization and management. The explosion, disorder, mixed quality and lack of unified organization and control of network information seriously hinder the utilization of information resources, so it is particularly necessary to study the optimal allocation of network information resources based on the theory of information ecology.

Since the late 1990s, with the introduction of ecological theory, information ecology has become an important branch, and information ecology has become the research focus of modern information management. Different from the previous one-sided emphasis on the role of technology, information ecology comprehensively examines people, technology, information and environment.

From 65438 to 0997, Thomas H.Davenport, an American management scientist, put forward the concept of information ecology for the first time in his book Information Ecology: Mastering Information and Knowledge Environment, and introduced the concept of ecology into enterprise information management, thus opening up a new field of information management.

From 65438 to 0999, Bonnie. A. Nardi and Vicky L. Oday co-wrote "Information Ecology: Intentional Use of Technology", which defines information ecology as "a system composed of people, practice, value and technology in a specific environment", and holds that technology is not the core of the information ecosystem, but it is technology.

The representative of domestic scholars' research on information ecology is that Jiang Luquan made a systematic study on information ecology in Information Ecology and Social Sustainable Development published in 2003. He believes that information ecology involves three elements: information, people and environment. Information ecology is to study the mutual influence and interaction among information, people and environment, and then deduce the emergence and development of its entire ecosystem. Zhang believes that information ecology is only a figurative concept, and intends to cultivate new ideas and theories with the metaphor of "ecology".

An important research content of information ecology theory is information ecological environment. Dr. Jiang Luquan defined information eco-environmental factors as environmental factors that directly or indirectly affect the growth, behavior, development, mobility and distribution of human beings and social organizations, as well as social evolution and development. Information environment factors can be divided into human factors, information factors, information technology factors, information policy, legal and information ethics factors, information culture factors and so on. An unavoidable fact under the network environment is the imbalance of information ecology.

The ecological balance of information refers to the state of balance among information, people and environment. Information ecological imbalance means that the above elements are in an unbalanced state, that is, the information exchange inside and outside the information ecological system is blocked or the proportion between its own elements and subsystems is unbalanced. Xie pointed out in The Information Ecology of Cyberspace that the main phenomena are information overload, information pollution, information monopoly and information infringement. Li believes that the imbalance of information ecology is mainly manifested in the imbalance of information resources distribution and information explosion.

Scholars have analyzed the measures to solve the imbalance of information ecology from different angles. Tian believes that the methods to adjust the imbalance of information ecology include overall planning and layout from a systematic perspective, realizing the sharing of information resources and maintaining the balance and stability of the information ecosystem; Increase investment in research and development, improve the ability of technological innovation; Adjust personnel structure and improve information literacy; Strengthen the management of network information ecosystem. Meng proposed solutions from the aspects of formulating information policies and regulations, strengthening information portal and information map construction. In addition, Ying et al. put forward specific measures such as implementing information classification system to purify information environment, integrating the advantages of traditional theory, carrying out information ethics research, strengthening information ethics construction, and strengthening information market management.

Drawing lessons from the idea of information ecology provides a good idea for solving enterprise informatization and optimal allocation of information resources. In the past, enterprises often unilaterally emphasized the importance of a certain aspect, rather than comprehensively considering it from the perspective of ecosystem, which led to a far cry from the expected results. Analysis and evaluation of enterprise information resource management from the perspective of information ecology is a problem that enterprises must pay attention to in modern environment.

Liu Wenyan and others mentioned in "Talking about Enterprise Informatization from the Angle of Information Ecology" that the ideal state of sustainable development of enterprises in the information age is to establish a good information ecological environment for employees and make enterprises become information ecological enterprises. Ecological enterprise information is a new paradigm of enterprise information management. From the ecological point of view, this new paradigm is a people-oriented information management method, which is obviously different from the technology-oriented information management method, and points out a new direction for enterprises to solve information problems. Li Jiayang believes that technology itself cannot solve the informatization problem of enterprise organizations. Only by changing the concept of "technology first" and paying attention to the problems existing in the enterprise information environment can managers change the present situation, establish a reasonable and stable enterprise information ecosystem and create a balanced and harmonious environment for the development of enterprises.

Although the research history of information ecology in domestic academic circles is not long, it has been comprehensively discussed and analyzed, and many valuable viewpoints and countermeasures have been put forward, which will contribute to the theoretical construction of information ecology, a new discipline, and have practical guiding significance for solving the imbalance of information ecology and information resource management.

With the rapid development of the information society, technological changes, environmental changes, diversity of information, complexity and individuation of demand, a new topic has been put forward for information resource management. This requires us to solve it from the theory of information ecology as a whole. Through the coordinated development of information, people and environment, it is the direction to optimize the allocation of network resources to emphasize the efficiency of network information resources, so as to realize the optimal allocation and efficiency of information resources.