In people's perception of vision, hearing, touch and smell, visual perception is the most important, because vision is a main means for people to understand space art, and the fundamental function of modern furniture design is to construct a kind of furniture that not only conforms to people's living environment, but also meets people's needs in life, daily life and study. In other words, furniture not only brings convenience to modern people's lives, but also brings more visual beauty and tactile comfort!
The modeling of furniture design can give viewers a sense of beauty because of its modeling, color and materials. We know that the shape of any furniture is created by materials. Without suitable materials, unique modeling is difficult to achieve. As far as the shape, color and material of furniture are concerned, it is actually a dependence on materials and technology, which is reflected by technology. There are two kinds of furniture materials: one is natural materials (such as wood, bamboo, rattan, etc. ), and the other is artificial materials (such as plastic, glass, metal, etc.). Different materials bring different visual and tactile feelings to furniture in processing technology. Due to the characteristics of the material itself, the surface texture is more gorgeous through manual treatment: smooth materials have smooth aesthetic feeling, rough materials have simple appearance, and soft materials have skin feeling ... The treatment of these materials can also make furniture feel heavy and light, soft and hard, bright and dark, cold and warm, so we can say that furniture materials are used properly. Furniture design emphasizes the organic combination of natural materials and artificial materials, such as fine artificial materials such as metal and glass, and natural heavy materials such as rough wood, rattan and bamboo. Metals such as glass reflect the accuracy and regularity of artificial materials through mechanical processing, while natural materials such as bamboo, wood and rattan show the traces of human handiwork and convey a humanized thing. Therefore, the furniture design that combines natural materials with artificial materials embodies ingenious borrowing contrast and material collocation, which will be rough and delicate, accurate and extensive, and can reflect the texture contrast in a specific environment. Through the visual contrast of different materials, the audience can taste the details of different materials and present the beauty of furniture design materials.
Bamboo has been a popular furniture material since ancient times. In some minority areas, the exquisite workmanship of bamboo furniture is amazing. Because of its convenient processing, it is made by spelling, weaving and planing, and then polished and coated with insightful paint, which makes bamboo furniture bright in color, natural in texture and strong in texture!
Modernist design is one of the most important and influential design activities in the history of human design. It rose in Europe in the 1920s. After decades of rapid development and dissemination, its trend has spread almost all over the world, and under its influence, many new design styles and schools have emerged. As for the reasons for the formation of modernist design, most of the previous explanations started from the ideological field, and put modernist design under the background of modernist movement, thinking that its appearance was a historical necessity under the influence of modernist movement. This kind of understanding often only considers the external environment produced by modernist design, but seldom considers the characteristics and development law of design activities, which inevitably affects our understanding of other related design activities. Starting with the dialectical relationship between technology and art in design, this paper focuses on the objectification trend in modern art, the production technology in the era of big machines and the influence of their combination on the birth of modernist design, in order to find out the internal factors of the formation of modernist design.
Design is the synthesis of technology and art. In design, technology and art are contradictory unity, and the perfect combination of them creates excellent design. It makes the design look disgusting. When the technology and art in design reach a dynamic balance, the design presents a relatively stable style. Technology is innovating and developing, art is constantly changing, and design also presents different faces.
The objectification trend in modern art began in Cezanne and developed in cubism and abstraction. Cezanne's most basic artistic view is that structure is the basis of expressing all objects. In Cezanne's view, no matter what external conditions or artists' subjective emotions can change the structure of objects, the artist's duty is to bring chaotic perception into the program and obtain a structured order in the visual range. He tried to understand and summarize all the objects from the perspective of structure. He once said, "Everything in nature forms a sphere, a cube and a cylinder." (1) this view directly influenced the later cubism and abstraction. Cubism is a modern art movement represented by Picasso and Braque, which directly benefits from Cezanne's exploration of structure. On the one hand, they pushed Cezanne's geometric way of summarizing natural objects into spheres, cylinders and cones to the extreme, presenting a more pure geometric form in the picture; On the other hand, they completely abandoned the law of spatial perspective and made the picture tend to be flat. This experiment of cubism in artistic form is manifested in the analysis, reconstruction and comprehensive treatment of specific objects. This feature is becoming more and more rational in development, which makes the analysis and combination of plane structure regular and systematic, and emphasizes the role of rational laws in expressing "truth". Kandinsky is a representative figure of abstraction. In his view, art must be liberated from imitating the objective world, and painters should use their own formal language (including colors, lines, blocks, etc. ) Create a new world in harmony with natural objects. He believes that the abstract form contains infinite tension, "a circle in painting is more meaningful than a human body" and "the acute angle of a triangle has no less influence on the circle than the power of God's finger touching Adam in Michelangelo's painting". (3) His paintings are composed of some abstract points, lines and blocks, and later they are completely regular geometric patterns.
This objectification trend in modern art follows rationalism, generalizing objective objects with geometric shapes and simple and abstract colors. These characteristics coincide with the technical requirements of standardization and mechanization of mass production of large machines, and become the inevitable and best choice for mass production of large machines. On the basis of the combination of the two, modernist design was born. The most typical examples are de stijl in the Netherlands and Russian Constructivism. The Dutch "de stijl" advocates rigorous and rational aesthetics, and its design adopts neutral colors such as black, white and gray. Plane and three-dimensional modeling strictly follows the geometric style, connects the geometric form with the emerging machine making, and pursues the rigor and accuracy derived from the machine. Russian constructivist artists are amazed at the great achievements of industrial civilization, fascinated by the rigorous structure of machinery, and strive to find artistic language and design language suitable for the industrial age. From the design of de stijl in the Netherlands and Russian constructivism, we can see that technology and art have reached the best combination. At the same time, it is precisely because of this optimal combination that modernist design became the most stable and influential design style in the first half of the 20th century, and even developed into an "internationalist" style that swept the world in the later period. In this sense, the formation of "internationalism" style has complicated factors, but it cannot be said that this design style is also the best choice for most countries in the early stage of industrialization. However, the balance between technology and art in design can only be a dynamic balance forever. With the continuous development of science and technology, people's spiritual needs are also complex and diverse. When the development of technology provides conditions for the realization of this diversified demand, the design will move from modernism to diversification. As we know, the feeling of different materials and techniques mostly comes directly from the different visual stimuli of various materials and the texture effects of these materials (such as density, smoothness, roughness, softness, randomness, neatness and so on). ) affect the psychology of the viewer's aesthetic subject through vision and touch. Touch is one of the ways people know the texture of materials. People feel the hardness, lightness, thickness and roughness of materials through touch. People have been close to rough, soft and warm natural materials since ancient times and are psychologically willing to accept them. But there is a sense of indifference to cold, hard and heavy artificial materials. This tactile psychological reaction from human beings is just used in modern furniture design.
Now, I want to introduce some home styles to you.
classical style
This style is characterized by the pattern of Chinese and foreign classical furniture, calligraphy and painting furnishings, and strives to achieve an ancient and elegant quality and relaxed charm. When people's needs for modern life are constantly met, they sprout a feeling of yearning for tradition and cherishing traditional furniture with artistic value. As a result, furniture with beautiful curves and smooth lines is often used as the furnishings of the living room, with decorative fabrics such as wallpaper and curtains of the same style, as well as jewelry cabinets with various traditional tableware and tea sets with appreciation value, which adds a dignified atmosphere to the room.
Western classical style
This is a classical pursuit of magnificence and elegance. The main color of the bedroom is white. Furniture is a classical leg-loving style, and the doors and windows of furniture are painted white. In order to reflect the gorgeous style, the velvet part of the furniture frame is decorated with gold thread and Phnom Penh, and the wall wallpaper, carpet, curtain, bedspread and curtain, as well as decorative paintings or objects are all classical. This style is characterized by elegance. If residents don't want to spend too much money, they might as well spend more time on the design of wallpaper, carpets, curtains and bedspreads, and strive to achieve the coordination of various furnishings and decorations. If possible, you can also add some classical ornaments on the wall, such as yak head and western clock, which can make your room more elegant and beautiful.
European and American style
Modern Europe and America pursue concise, lively, romantic, simple and abstract styles. The furniture combination with a strong sense of modern fashion is the main feature of this style. Bedspreads and curtains are made of abstract patterned fabrics, plain chemical fiber carpets are laid on the ground, reflective lighting or local lighting is used in rooms, abstract paintings or photographs with metal frames are hung on the walls, and then audio-visual equipment and flowers are laid. This style is characterized by simplicity, abstraction, liveliness, and the combination of furniture with a strong sense of modernity, with white or fashionable colors, appropriate lighting and modern decoration appliances.
Japanese style
This style is characterized by its suitability for small rooms and simple and generous decoration. It is best to install a "tatami" platform on the ground and put a cushion on it to form a bed; Put a few more chairs and a Japanese low table. The curtains can be replaced by Japanese sliding doors with paste and paper. A picture of an ancient lady in China is hung on the wall. A Japanese flower arrangement is placed on the table with a paper spherical lampshade, which is a Japanese living room.
Popular art style
This style is characterized by paying attention to the use function, emphasizing the simplicity and abstraction of indoor space forms and objects, and usually using geometric features (points, lines, surfaces, bodies, etc. ) to combine furniture, so that people feel a simple and lively sense of the times and pure abstract beauty. At the same time, this style is characterized by the pursuit of trendy, strange and cheerful, and usually introduces popular paintings, sculptures, figures, advertising paintings, cartoon shapes, modern lamps and so on. Into the room, such as indoor walls painted with strong colors, painting artistic patterns, building components painted with strong primary colors.
Modern ocean style
As a unique cultural style in Shanghai, it can be said that it has penetrated into every field, including the rich and powerful decoration of Shanghai style. Its most prominent feature is that it can realize a reasonable plane layout in a small residential area, make full use of space, and have a compact overall design, which makes the room decoration economical, practical, comfortable and beautiful. For example, the residence adopts duplex design, and the planes of each floor of the residence cross each other, while the furniture pays attention to overall coordination and practicality, using movable door cabinets, arc corner cabinets and multi-purpose furniture.
postmodernism
It breaks through the limitation of modernism's simplicity and simplicity, advocates compatible well storage, and adopts whatever can meet the needs of living, regardless of ancient and modern times, at home and abroad. Post-modern interior design, space combination is very complicated. Partition walls, screens, columns or fireplaces are often used to create a sense of spatial hierarchy, so that in an unplanned and ambiguous space, thin columns and partition walls are used to form an endless and far-reaching sense of spatial hierarchy. In addition, walls are often regarded as waves from various angles, forming a metaphorical symbol of bedroom decoration style.
The designer of the red and blue chairs is Ge Purong Su, and the design year is from 19 17 to 9 19, and it is made of solid wood. It is characterized by radical pure geometric form and unimaginable form, all made of wood, and 13 pieces of wood are perpendicular to each other, forming the spatial structure of the chair. Fasten the structure with screws instead of traditional tenon joints to prevent damage to the structure. The red backrest and blue cushion strengthen the structure through pure bright colors, making its structure completely undisguised. Functionally speaking, the chair is not comfortable, but it proves that the final shape of the product depends on the structure. Designers can endow functions with poetic realm, which is an interpretation of industrial aesthetics. In addition, this standardized component provides potential possibilities for the mass production of furniture in the future. Its distinctive modern form finally got rid of the influence of traditional style furniture, became an independent prediction of modernist trend, and had a far-reaching impact on the whole modernist design movement.
China's furniture design is in a special period of integration of China and the West, and the western furniture style is quite different from China's design concept. Therefore, it takes a long running-in period, and the modern simple and capable western design style will have a long adaptation period in China. But with the change of usability and aesthetics, it will be well integrated with the furniture design style in China.
Therefore, furniture is not only a material product, but also an artistic creation. This is what people often say about the dual characteristics of furniture.
The type, quantity, function, form, style, production level and possession of furniture at that time also reflected the social life style, social material civilization level and historical and cultural characteristics of a country and region in a certain historical period.
Furniture is the symbol of the development level of social productive forces in a certain historical period in a certain country or region, the epitome of a certain lifestyle and the embodiment of a certain cultural form, so furniture embodies rich and profound sociality.