1 development direction of surveying and mapping technology and industry characteristics of surveying and mapping industry
1. 1 Surveying and mapping technology should belong to information technology.
Traditional surveying and mapping techniques include geodesy, aerial photogrammetry, engineering survey, map drawing and printing, marine surveying and mapping, surveying and mapping instrument manufacturing, etc. Contemporary surveying and mapping high-tech mainly includes spatial positioning technology, aviation and satellite remote sensing technology, ground comprehensive survey technology and geographic information technology, as well as supporting communication technology and system technology brought about by the integration of the above technologies. Its main purpose is to study geographic information. The research contents mainly include the discussion on the geometric and physical properties of geographic information, the research on the measurement methods of geographic information, the research on how to generate, extract, transform, detect, transmit, store, identify and process geographic information, and the research on how to express and apply geographic information. , all belong to the research content of contemporary information science. Any technology that uses the principles and methods of information science to process information should be called information technology. Therefore, we have reason to think that surveying and mapping technology should belong to the category of information technology. Modern development direction of surveying and mapping technology
Taking information technology as the development direction is the current development strategy of surveying and mapping technology.
1.2 The surveying and mapping industry belongs to the information industry.
Surveying and mapping industry should belong to the category of information industry in the tertiary industry. Because, first, the basic content of surveying and mapping business is to provide services for the acquisition, processing and expression of geographic information; Second, surveying and mapping products are information products with the attributes of knowledge and decision basis; Third, surveying and mapping technology belongs to the category of information technology to a great extent; Fourth, surveying and mapping products have value and use value (that is, the commodity attributes of surveying and mapping commodities). Therefore, surveying and mapping production should be a kind of special commodity production for the purpose of information product exchange. Surveying and mapping industry belongs to the information industry in the tertiary industry, which is not only a theoretical division, but also a practical industry in practice under the condition of market economy.
1.3 the focus of surveying and mapping work has shifted to developing the information market.
With the development of market economy and the deepening of national political and economic system reform, the management mode of surveying and mapping production has changed from production to management.
Turn to production and operation. The proportion of surveying and mapping production units undertaking mandatory tasks is gradually shrinking, while unplanned development tasks will greatly increase. Urban and rural construction and planning, comprehensive land planning and improvement, resource investigation and development, environmental monitoring and protection put forward more urgent requirements for surveying and mapping technology and surveying and mapping products, which will inevitably lead to an active surveying and mapping market.
Surveying and mapping market includes surveying and mapping information market and surveying and mapping technology market. Surveying and mapping information market focuses on the exchange and circulation of surveying and mapping information products in social and economic fields, while surveying and mapping technology market focuses on the direct use of surveying and mapping technology for paid services. It can be predicted that users in the future surveying and mapping market will need to provide not only line drawing products, but also image products. Not only analog products, but also digital products, special products, hardware products, soft science services, dynamic information and so on. All need to be developed by the surveying and mapping industry itself.
2 Surveying and mapping units should take countermeasures
2. 1 Surveying and mapping units should straighten out the industrial structure.
The development of high-tech surveying and mapping has broken the traditional division of labor in surveying and mapping industry. Geographic information industry should get rid of traditional surveying and mapping organization
Structural mode, in order to find a better optimized combination and division of labor, we should form an industrial system integrating data collection and processing, database construction, product supply and maintenance according to the characteristics of geographic information industry, and form a department that can quickly produce and provide geographic information data. At present, with the rapid development of surveying and mapping technology, it has merged with many related majors and developed into a geographic information industry. The development of GPS, RS and GIS (3S for short) technology requires cross-departmental and cross-industry cooperation. To develop behind closed doors is tantamount to isolating yourself. We should learn to seek opportunities and skills for development in a joint and competitive environment.
2.2 Introduce and train talents who can meet the needs of the information industry.
To develop the information industry, we must have high-tech talents. The traditional surveying and mapping industry is divided into geodesy, engineering survey, photogrammetry, map drawing and map printing. The development of high technology has broken through the traditional division of labor. Due to the high digitization, automation and intelligence of various surveying and mapping high-tech systems, many operations can be regarded as "fool-like" operations. It is easy to learn key operations, such as GPS receiver, which only takes 1~2 hours, but to solve the problems in GPS data, it needs a certain theoretical level and research level. In other words, the operation is getting simpler and simpler, but solving key problems is getting more and more complicated. When introducing and cultivating talents, we should pay attention to the reasonable collocation of talents and practical talents, so that the talent structure can give full play to its effectiveness. As far as specialties are concerned, it is mainly to introduce and cultivate "3 S" and its comprehensive talents. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the timely update of talent knowledge and skills.
3. Main technical policies of surveying and mapping industry
The development of high-tech surveying and mapping and the rapid rise of information industry make the surveying and mapping industry get rid of the classic organizational structure model of surveying and mapping industry. However, in a certain period of time in the future, the new surveying and mapping technology system can not completely replace the conventional technology system in surveying and mapping production, that is, the conventional surveying and mapping technology will still occupy a place in surveying and mapping production. Therefore, surveying and mapping units and surveying and mapping science and technology workers must give priority to solving key technical problems, reform conventional surveying and mapping technology, and establish a transition system between conventional technology and new technology suitable for their own units.
To realize the transformation of surveying and mapping production from analog to digital, it is not only to convert analog maps into digital maps, but also to change the working mode of the whole process of basic geographic information from collection, storage, management to product output, which is systematic and holistic. Therefore, surveying and mapping units must make overall planning as a department and implement it step by step.
The whole project is fully realized. At present, surveying and mapping units must first complete the technical transformation from conventional surveying and mapping technology to digitalization and automation.
3. 1 Establish a basic geographic information system
Establish a computer-aided mapping system for topographic map, cadastral survey and underground pipeline survey with various scales of1:500 ~10000.
The system should have the editing function of database and graphic library, and can realize the interface with the electronic manual of field observation. Only in this way can we fully realize aerial digital mapping (not excluding all-field digital mapping in some areas), establish total stations and electronic notebooks, and directly carry out field digital mapping (aerial digital mapping can also be used for large-area centralized mapping) in the new round of basic map updating, so as to realize the integration of digital mapping.
Drawing survey of all kinds of projects, setting out of construction projects, water conservancy projects, setting out of municipal projects and completion survey of all kinds of projects shall be
The indoor and outdoor integrated system shall be adopted, and its data format shall conform to the basic geographic information database.
3.2 Establish departmental networks to realize * * * resource sharing.
The optical disc management mode can not meet the requirements of information storage and use. At the same time, in order to avoid data damage, data loss and confusion between the old and new versions, a computer network should be established between the production management department, the digital office production department and the drawing management department, and the automation of adjustment, filing and final printing of digital office production drawings should be realized through the computer drawing management system.
In order to facilitate the transformation of production mode from collection to management, we should consider establishing our own local area network to realize the transformation of production departments and production.
The computer network interconnection among the management department, the acceptance department and the drawing and file management department makes the work of each department run in the form of data flow.
3.3 Promote the application of GPS positioning technology
Using GPS positioning technology to establish control networks at all levels and precision engineering control networks in cities and key projects, the key points are
Master the static relative positioning principle, network layout principle, accuracy requirements and operation technical methods. Learn network design, instrument detection methods, field data collection and indoor data processing, coordinate transformation, adjustment calculation and other issues.
In urban management, such as urban planning management, municipal management, traffic management, environmental protection, disaster monitoring, meteorology, land management and so on, GPS has good application prospects and market opportunities.
With the global information wave and the call of China's national economic information, the rapid development of space technology and computer technology, the traditional surveying and mapping technology system is changing to the modern surveying and mapping technology system characterized by "3 S" technology, and the surveying and mapping industry is gradually changing and transforming to the modern geographic information industry. We should carry out the spirit of "strengthening surveying and mapping and developing geographic information industry", base ourselves on the present and look forward to the 2 1 century, and work together to create the future of geographic information industry.