Medical students; Mental health; SCL-90
1 preface
With the reform of higher education system and the change of job-hunting mode, the competitive consciousness of colleges and universities is increasing day by day, and the interpersonal relationship is becoming more and more complicated. The traditional medical education model only pays attention to the cultivation of students' personal professional ability, ignoring the all-round development as social people [1]. In this environment, medical students have to accept a lot of overload stimulation, which leads to psychological conflict and even mental illness, and the mental health of medical students can not be ignored [2]. The purpose of this study is to provide some theoretical basis for medical colleges to carry out mental health work by investigating the mental health status of medical students.
2 objects and methods
2. 1 Subjects selected 8 18 students from a medical university by stratified sampling, including 28 1 student boys and 537 girls, accounting for 34.35% and 65.65% respectively, and the sex ratio was 1: 1. There are 437 clinical specialties and 38 basic specialties, accounting for 53.4% and 46.6% respectively. The average age was 2 1.29 1.56 years.
2.2 methods
2.2. 1 Data were collected by the respondents themselves, and the investigators received unified and strict training before conducting the investigation. The questionnaire was completed in 15 minutes without signature. A total of 850 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, and 828 questionnaires were recovered, of which 8 were valid, the response rate was 97.4 1%, and the qualified rate was 96.24%.
2.2.2 The measuring tool was tested with the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) which is widely used in China at present. SCL-90 scoring standard: each item adopts a five-level scoring system (1 ~ 5 points), which reflects different degrees of symptoms. 1 minute means no symptoms, 2 points means mild symptoms, the higher the score, the more serious the symptoms, and 5 points means the most serious. Among them, the total score of the compliance scale is ≥ 160, any factor score is ≥3, and the number of positive items is >; 43, one of which is positive, suggesting that there may be psychological problems.
2.2.3 statistical analysis method will be unified data coding, and then input into the EXCEL database. SPSS 12.0 For Windows statistical software package was used for data analysis.
Three results
3. The evaluation results of1SCL-90 scale show that 174 medical students have mental health problems, and the positive detection rate is 2 1.3%, of which 60 are male (2 1.4%). See table 1 for the distribution of SCL-90 positive factors. The results show that among the medical students surveyed, the most common symptoms are obsessive-compulsive symptoms, followed by interpersonal relationships and depression, and the least symptoms are panic symptoms.
3.2 Comparison of medical students' SCL-90 scores with the national norm; The SCL-90 scores of the medical students surveyed were statistically different from those of the national norm of college students, and both were lower than that of the national norm of college students. Compared with the national norm, the scores of somatization, interpersonal relationship, hostility and psychosis of medical students surveyed were statistically significant, and were lower than the national norm, while other factors were not statistically significant. See Table 2.
3.3 Analysis of influencing factors of medical students' mental health status
3.3. 1 Univariate analysis of mental health status of medical students in each subgroup; There are significant differences in the positive detection rate of psychological problems among medical students with different grades, emotional state, whether they are only children, family harmony, study pressure, life pressure, life rules, satisfaction with school environment, communication with others and different physical conditions. The positive detection rate of psychological problems in Grade One and Grade Two is the highest, and the positive detection rate of psychological problems in Grade Four is the highest. The positive detection rates of psychological problems of medical students who are conscious, stressed in study and life and unbearable are as high as 42. 1% and 4 1.7% respectively. The detection rate of psychological problems of medical students with irregular life (25%) is nearly double that of medical students with regular life (12.7%). The detection rate of psychological problems of medical students who are not good at communication (43. 1%) is much higher than that of medical students who are good at communication (13.7%). See table 3.
3.3.2 Multi-factor analysis of mental health status of medical students in each subgroup takes SCL- 90 as the dependent variable, and sociological factors such as gender, grade, major, family location, family harmony, being an only child, emotional state, conscious study and life pressure, life law, being good at interacting with people, insomnia, physical condition and interest in this major as the independent variable, according to the significance level of excluded variables. The results show that insomnia, emotional state, good communication with others, life rules, conscious life pressure, family harmony, grade, satisfaction with school living environment, physical condition and other factors are introduced into the model. See Table 4.
Table 1 SCL -90 test of positive detection rate of mental health problems of medical students (omitted)
Table 2 Comparison between SCL-90 scores of medical students surveyed and national norms (omitted)
Note: * p < 0.01; Statistics 1: Comparison between medical students and national norm; Statistics 2: Comparison between medical students and ethnic college students.
Table 3 Comparison of positive detection rates of mental health among respondents with different social characteristics (omitted)
Note: * P & lt0.05, * * P & lt0.0 1.
Table 4 Multiple stepwise regression analysis of influencing factors of mental health status of medical students (omitted)
Note: * P & lt0.05, * * P & lt0.0 1.
4 discussion
Medical students are a special social group, and they have their own characteristics in life, study and other fields. This investigation and analysis found that 2 1.3% of medical students live with psychological problems in different degrees, which is consistent with the mental health problems of college students reported at home and abroad at the level of 10% ~ 30% [5]. The results of this study show that the top five mental health problems of medical students are compulsion, interpersonal relationship, depression, hostility and paranoia, and the positive detection rates are: 23.6%, 17.2%, 16.3%, 15.2% and13.2 respectively. At present, most medical students have to engage in boring study and scientific research for a long time in a relatively quiet environment, which has a heavy academic burden. Besides, a monotonous and heavy life can easily lead to loneliness and depression. Because of time, cost and other reasons, they rarely have the opportunity to participate in entertainment activities, and they rarely have the opportunity to contact people outside the circle in their daily lives. So when they encounter psychological problems, there is no one to talk to, and the backlog is in their hearts. Over time, it seriously affects the development of interpersonal relationships. Interpersonal tension not only affects study and scientific research, but also affects future employment prospects, lacking social support and social contact. This in itself is a powerful source of stress, blocking the channels to relieve stress and having great destructive power to physical and mental health. The survey shows that a harmonious family atmosphere, a good relationship between parents and a certain rule of life are of great help to cultivate a good psychological state of medical students. Communicating with others can also improve mental health. Due to the particularity of learning nature, medical students often need to face and solve many problems by themselves. Over time, they developed an independent personality and gradually became bad at communicating and cooperating with others. Faced with students with different family backgrounds, different cultural qualities and different personalities, many people are at a loss and have psychological manifestations such as vigilance and paranoia. Therefore, improving the learning and living environment of medical students and developing colorful after-school life are conducive to improving their social communication and communication skills and improving their mental health. Through this survey, we can see that the mental health status of medical students has improved, but it is still not optimistic. They have some mental health problems to varying degrees. In this regard, relevant educators should attach great importance to it, at the same time, fully consider factors such as grades and majors, carry out new mental health education in different levels and carry out psychological counseling and counseling, so as to truly become a highly educated and high-quality group.
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