Nowadays, everyone must be familiar with the paper. Thesis is a comprehensive style, through which you can directly see a person's comprehensive ability and professional foundation. Do you know how to write a good paper? The following are the formats and examples of the references of nursing papers I collected. Welcome to read the collection.
Reference format of nursing papers 1 [1] Li Feng's articles. Reflections on the postgraduate training of clinical nursing in Han Jie [J]. Nursing Research 20 10/0,24 (LC): 266-267.
[2] TanJing. Zhu Jingci. Fang Lu's thoughts on the construction of nursing master's degree in China [J]. Higher education in China' 20 1 1, (4):11.
[3] Yuan. Wang Zhihong. Chen Guoliang. The present situation and development of nursing postgraduate training mode in America [J]. PLA Nursing Journal.2003,20 (5): 42-44
[4] Golden Month Senior Nursing Practice [M]. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House. 2008。
Li Ni, Zheng Rongshou, Zhang Siwei, et al. Analysis of incidence and death of cervical cancer in China from 2003 to 2007 [J]. Cancer in China.
Aring Zhang, Sun Meirong, Zhang Zheng, et al. Gene therapy and human health [J]. China Biotechnology, 2004,24 (1): 84-90.
Reference format 2 of nursing papers edited by Jaco and Gui Li [1]. Intensive care. People's Health Publishing House. 20 12 third edition: 246-247.
[2] Liu Cuihua. Nursing care of elderly patients with severe craniocerebral injury after tracheotomy [J]. China Journal of Practical Nursing.2011,27 (18): 9-11.
[3] Luo Desheng. Shine Wong. Fang Min. Yuan. Cause analysis and nursing countermeasures of accidental tracheal intubation in ICU patients. International journal of nursing science. 20 12,3 1 (3): 459-46 1.
[4] Zhao Jing. Research progress in nursing care of tracheotomy complications in intensive care unit. Ordinary care. 20 13, 1 1 (1 intermediate version): 172- 175.
[5] Zhao Shijing, Dong Liting, Zhang, et al. Risk factors analysis and nursing countermeasures of pulmonary infection after tracheotomy in ICU. China Journal of Practical Nursing.2012,28 (6): 9-11.
[6] Kong Lei, Xu Limin, Song Xianli, et al. Cause analysis and nursing countermeasures of pulmonary infection in patients with severe craniocerebral injury undergoing tracheotomy. Journal of Nurses' Continuing Education.2013,28 (3): 219-221
[7] Jiang Chao. Xu lihua. Research status and discussion on the best nursing practice standard of artificial airway sputum aspiration in ICU [J]. chinese nursing management. 20 1 1, 1 1 (2): 18-20.
Huang Shiying, Li Lianti, Zhu Wenping. Timing and method of effective sputum aspiration after tracheotomy in patients with severe craniocerebral injury [J]. guangdong medical. 20 13,34 (8): 1308- 13 10.
[9] He Xiuman. Xu Qianru. Influence of nonstandard sputum aspiration technique and nursing care on tracheotomy patients [J]. Journal of Nursing Education .2008,23 (4): 335-336
[10] Tong Yalin, Miao Hongcheng, Feng Xiaoyan, et al. Strengthening the management of respiratory tract to prevent and treat pulmonary infection in tracheotomy patients with inhalation injury [J]. China Burn Journal.2010,26 (1): 6-10.
[1 1] Liu Guangqin. Discussion on the best sputum aspiration time for patients with mechanical ventilation [J]. Contemporary nurses. 20 10/0,3 (Special Edition): 105- 106.
[12] Jiang Fangzheng. Sydney. Ye,,, et al. Application of continuous warming and humidified oxygen therapy in patients undergoing tracheotomy offline [J]. Chinese Journal of Nursing.2011,46 (2): 128- 130.
[13] Cai Ruixia. This paper introduces a new method of dressing change after tracheotomy. China Journal of Misdiagnosis. 2007,7 (29): 29.
Wang Jianrong Bina. Study on risk assessment of intravenous infusion technology. Journal of Nursing Management.2011,11(11): 761-763.
Bi Na, Wu Dongmei, Wang Jianrong. Present situation and development trend of intravenous therapy and nursing in China. China Journal of Modern Nursing.2013,19 (14):1613-16655.
Bina Wang Jianrong. Investigation on the status quo of sputum aspiration on demand in patients with severe craniocerebral injury undergoing tracheotomy. Journal of nursing education.
The third standard of reference document format for nursing papers belongs to the category of norms and is a criterion for measuring things. Standardization of nursing papers is an important aspect of the overall quality of papers. In practical work, on the one hand, the author deeply understands the importance of standardization of nursing papers, on the other hand, he always feels that papers are not "standardized" and "irregular". For this reason, the author consulted some manuscripts (manuscripts) of Chinese Journal of Nursing which were confirmed to be published by the third trial in 2000, and analyzed the common standardization problems, so as to promote the standardization construction of nursing papers and make them spread and use in a wider space at a faster speed in the information age.
1 materials and methods
From 565,438+08 nursing papers published in Chinese Journal of Nursing in 2000, 50 original papers with Chinese abstracts and keywords were selected for inspection and analysis.
Check contents: ① Title, abstract and keywords in the writing format of the paper: The writing format of the paper includes a lot of contents, and only the title, abstract and keywords in the front part of it can be discussed due to space limitations, which is an important entrance for literature retrieval [1]; ② Noun terms; ③ unit of measurement; 4 numbers; ⑤ References; ⑥ Chart.
Test standard: the title, abstract and keywords are based on the national standards "Writing Format of Scientific Reports, Dissertations and Academic Papers" and "Rules for Abstract Writing"; The terminology is subject to the medical terminology published by the National Natural Science Terminology Examination and Approval Committee and the Science Press. The unit of measurement is based on1the State Council's People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and Fixed Units of Measurement in February, 1984, and it is required to be expressed by unit symbols; The figures are based on People's Republic of China (PRC) national standard GB/T 15835- 1995 "Regulations on the Use of Figures in Publications"; References are based on People's Republic of China (PRC) national standard GB77 14-87 "Description Rules of References after Text"; Other contents are subject to the requirements of the manuscript published in the Chinese Journal of Nursing,No. 1 in 2000.
Two results
2. 1 General situation 50 years old Author's age: 20 ~ 29 years old,1/person; 16 people aged 30 ~ 39; 22 people aged 40 ~ 49; 1 50 ~ 60 years old population. Author's title: junior 1 1 person; Intermediate 30 people; Nine people tall. See table 1 for the main problems existing in the standardization of 50 papers. Among them, there are 6 papers with 1 topic, 2 papers with 19 papers, 27 papers with 3 topics and 9 papers with more than 4 topics. There is no 1 paper without standardization problems.
2.2 specific performance
2.2. 1 reference: The main problems in the description format of reference are: there are more than two authors, only 1 author is listed; Punctuation marks do not meet the requirements; The title of the book, the name of the magazine or the name of the publishing house, the place of publication, the issue number and the page number are missing. In the use of literature, the main manifestations are as follows: the core contents of the paper, such as nursing methods, are marked with references, but in fact only some viewpoints use references; Internal information and other non-public publications as a reference; Lack of necessary references, such as no references after "report". Table 150 Percentage of Frequently Asked Questions in Paper Standardization (%) References 3774 Numbers 3468 Terminology 2856 Units of Measure 2754 Chinese Abstract 1428 Title 9 18 Chart 8 16 Keywords 7 14
2.2.2 Numbers: Arabic numerals are not used in Gregorian calendar century, year, month, day, hour, counting and measurement, or Arabic numerals are mixed with Chinese characters, as in 1990s; When two adjacent numbers are put together to represent approximate numbers, it is wrong, for example, five or six people. In the 1970s and 1980s, the correct representation was five or six people, while in the 1970s and 1980s, they were respectively.
2.2.3 Terminology: Use old names (former names) that have been clearly defined in medical terms but are no longer used, such as myocardial infarction (myocardial infarction, standardized terms in brackets, the same below), cerebral infarction (cerebral infarction), hemodynamics (hemodynamics), periodic paralysis (periodic paralysis), intraocular lens (IOL), ophthalmoscope (ophthalmoscope), etc. 1 The main nouns in the paper are not used uniformly, such as patients and patients mixed; English drug names should be trade names (international drug names should be adopted); No comments, Chinese and English abbreviations are used instead of medical terms, such as chronic bronchitis, coronary artery dilatation, myocardial infarction, AMI, etc.
2.2.4 Units of measurement: illegal units of measurement that have been abandoned in national standards are used, such as cal (quantity) unit symbol and mg/L for blood sugar, and the national standards are J and mmol/L respectively; Units of measurement need not be expressed by unit symbols, such as 8 hours and 2 days, which should be 8 hours and 2 days respectively; Take the unit name or Chinese symbol as the unit symbol, such as changing the pressure 100pa to "pressure 100 Pa" or "pressure100pa"; On the same piece of paper, Chinese symbols and international symbols are mixed, such as mgkg- 1 day-1 should be changed to mgkg-1d-1; When the diagonal in the combined unit symbol exceeds 1, it is not expressed in the form of negative power. For example, mg/kg/min should be in the form of mgkg- 1min- 1; Slant and negative power are mixed in the combined unit. For example, the form of mg/kgmin- 1 is inappropriate.
2.2.5 Chinese abstract: the former is the abstract; Simply repeat the information already expressed in the title of the paper; The methods and results of medical treatment are taken as abstract elements, and the main nursing contents are not explained; Start with "this article" without the third person.
2.2.6 The words used in the topic are not exact, such as general clinical observation or nursing, research on a certain topic, and the article "The role of nurses in life network". It is difficult to understand the meaning of "life network" just by looking at the title. In fact, the author describes the role of nurses in the secondary prevention network of coronary heart disease, so the secondary prevention network of coronary heart disease should be used instead of the life network; The title cannot reflect the core content of the article; The topic is big, the data is small, and it is exaggerated; Or abbreviation, or abbreviation, does not meet the requirements of the specification.
2.2.7 Chart: The main manifestation is that the subject-predicate position in the table is reversed; The vertical title of the chart is not top left, bottom right and bottom up; Descriptive information is not placed at the bottom of the chart, and so on.
2.2.8 Keywords: do not conform to the specifications of medical thesaurus, and use nonstandard subject words for indexing; Write the key words into a comprehensive phrase, such as diabetes health education model, acute XXX poisoning, etc. The selected subject words are missing or marked incorrectly, which makes the selected subject words inconsistent with the theme concept of the paper or causes excessive indexing.
3 discussion
3. 1 Reasons for poor standardization of nursing papers
3. 1.65438+ There is little research on the standardization of nursing papers, and its standards refer to medical standards, and there are also cases where there are no standards to follow, so it is difficult to implement.
3. 1.2 is not paid enough attention: some authors think that nursing papers should be innovative in scientific research content, reasonable in design, and standardization problems can be ignored; It is not surprising or a problem that irregularities are widespread; Some senior authors often adopt familiar expressions and are unwilling to accept new standards and norms.
3. 1.3 Lack of standardization knowledge: China only started to establish document standardization in 1979, and most authors did not receive education in this field during their school study; At present, nursing education above junior college has low normative requirements for nursing papers, and some of them are even listed as self-study content; Most of the authors of the thesis come from the clinic, lacking the necessary knowledge and understanding of complex physical and chemical units and symbols, and some idioms that conflict with the standards in clinic have affected the authors' use of standardization. All these determine that nursing workers lack knowledge, even knowledge.
3.2 The necessity and importance of standardization of nursing papers
3.2. 1 Standardization comes from science and practice: realizing the unification of a certain field in the world on a scientific and objective basis. The same is true for the formulation and promulgation of international standards, which have scientific and objective basis. China's national standards were promulgated after repeated argumentation and numerous practices by experts with reference to international standards. Therefore, it is authoritative, standard and serious.
3.2.2 Academic exchanges and discipline development need to be standardized: Modern scientific activities have become an international activity, and the intelligence, data and information needed by modern scientific research work are global. With the wide application of computer network and retrieval database at present, nursing papers can only enter the domestic and foreign literature retrieval systems and be included in the relevant literature retrieval databases by following the relevant international and national standards and norms, so that readers at home and abroad can consult and retrieve more conveniently and really enjoy the resources. Unified scientific and technological terminology is one of the basic conditions for a country to develop science and technology. The development of nursing discipline can not be separated from the standardization of national standards. One of the important manifestations of the development of nursing discipline-nursing papers can only be more rigorous and scientific if they follow the national standards, and can ensure the wide dissemination and utilization of nursing information.
3.3 Countermeasures
3.3. 1 Starting from basic education, strengthen the standardized study of nursing papers: Although there are nursing research courses in nursing education at or above junior college in China, the standardized study of nursing papers is not paid enough attention and the requirements are not high. Such a foundation will inevitably have a negative impact on the thesis writing of nursing workers. Therefore, the standardized learning of nursing papers should start from the basic education of schools, and take it as the assessment content, so that students can understand the importance of learning standardization and know its main contents, and lay a good foundation for future conscious and serious implementation.
3.3.2 Advocate self-study and attach importance to continuing education: For the vast majority of nursing workers who can no longer receive school basic education, self-study will be the only way. Especially before writing a paper, reading the manuscripts and related standards of magazines is helpful to the standardized study and application of nursing papers. The continuing education departments of hospitals, schools and society at all levels can impart the knowledge of standardization of nursing papers through lectures, training courses and other forms to promote the standardization of nursing papers.
3.3.3 Practice and promote standardization of nursing journals: Nursing journals are important media for disseminating nursing information. Periodical editors should take the promotion and use of standardization as their unshirkable responsibility, and spread the importance and content of standardization by communicating with authors, revising manuscripts, editing nursing books and lectures, etc., so that the standardization of nursing papers can achieve results in the shortest time.
3.3.4 Pay attention to the research of new problems in the standardization of nursing papers: nursing experts and relevant administrative departments should study and standardize the problems, new terms and new expressions in the standardized application of nursing papers arising from the continuous emergence of new theories, new concepts and new technologies, so as to promote the development of nursing discipline.
4 conclusion
Standardization of nursing papers is one of the important aspects of nursing papers, which plays a positive role in promoting the development of nursing discipline. At present, there are many standardization problems in nursing papers, which need the attention of schools, hospitals and relevant departments of societies at all levels. More importantly, the majority of nursing workers need to start from themselves and strengthen their study in this field, so that relevant standardized knowledge can be accurately and widely applied to nursing papers and promote the exchange and development of nursing disciplines.
Objective: To explore the basic structure and writing requirements of nursing papers. Methods: All nursing scientific papers were authentic, scientific and practical, with concise and eye-catching themes and clear arguments, which mainly reflected the theme of the articles. Results: The structure of nursing research papers is an important link in the process of nursing research, which directly affects the quality of papers and achievements. Conclusion: To write scientific, practical and novel nursing papers, we must master the basic structure and writing requirements of nursing papers.
Key words: nursing papers; Structure; Writing requirements
China Library ClassificationNo. GB77 13-87 Document IdentificationNo. A1672-3783 (2012) 03-0502-01.
All nursing scientific papers should have clear arguments, reliable data, accurate data, clear levels, scientific and practical, neat handwriting and concise and standardized words. The title is concise and eye-catching and reflects the theme of the article. In order to improve the writing quality of nursing scientific papers, the author will talk about his own experience and views on writing papers.
1 Naming of titles
1. 1 Proposition type: generally named after nursing methods, nursing results and research objects.
1.2 Title specific requirements: the title calendar should be concise and eye-catching, and the text should be highly concise, which can summarize the theme of the article. Generally no more than 20 Chinese characters. Punctuation should not be used in the middle, but punctuation should not be used at the end. Avoid using nonstandard words or representative figures in the middle of the title.
2 Author and unit
Those who participate substantially and can answer questions related to the paper are called authors. The author's names are arranged in order under the heading, and the order should be determined when submitting the manuscript, and cannot be changed during the arrangement. The name of the author's unit should be located in the next line of the author, with "province, unit and postal code" in brackets, and the resume of the first author should be attached. The author should be: (1) Participate in the design of topic selection or participate in the analysis and interpretation of materials. (2) Drafting or revising key theories or other main contents in the paper. (3) those who can modify the editorial department's revision opinions, make various defenses in academic circles, and finally agree. All the above three items are necessary. Those who only participate in obtaining funds or collecting data cannot be classified as authors, and those who only manage general scientific research teams should not be classified as authors. At least 1 The author must be responsible for all the main conclusions in the article.
3 abstract
There are four main points: purpose, method, result and conclusion. The content of each point should be specific and concise, and the key information, data and results should be clearly marked with the third person. The Chinese abstract can be shorter, about 200 words, and the English abstract is relatively specific, with about 400 words of substantive text.
Four key words
Keywords represent nouns and phrases in the core content of the full text. Generally, the author selects 3-5 medical terms from the title, abstract and text of the paper (the medical terms and related subject terms approved and published by the National Natural Science Terminology Examination Committee and published by Science Press shall prevail, and the English medical terms compiled by People's Health Publishing House shall prevail). For example, the topic is "Comparison of scalp venipuncture speeds in newborns" (Huaxia Medicine, Vol. 5,No. 18, 2005, pp. 695-696). Key words: Comparison between slow needle insertion and rapid needle insertion in newborns.
5 Introduction (Preface)
6 materials and methods
6. 1 General data and clinical data: it is the first level of the article. The general information should clearly indicate the materials and appliances, chemicals and instruments, sources and product numbers involved in the study, so as to be verified when repeating the experiment. Clinical data are mainly based on the research objects and cases, and the overall situation of the research objects and cases, the sources of experimental methods and statistical methods should be clearly stated.
6.2 Methods: The specific operation, steps, methods and observation indexes of the experimental methods used in this paper should be explained.
Seven results
Use words, tables or graphics to explain, only list the main results, without analysis and discussion. For example, "Discussion on the Methods of Preventing Trace Air from Entering Blood Vessels during Intravenous Injection" (Huaxia Medical, No.5, 2005, Volume 18), the author compares the ordinary group with the experimental group, and lists the number of cases in which air enters blood vessels during intravenous injection and the number of cases in which no air enters blood vessels in each group, and the success rate of each group. Make another comparison, the effect is clear and impressive.
8 discussion
This paper mainly evaluates, clarifies and infers the results of this study. We should not just repeat the results, nor should we discuss the regression discussion. Discussion content: ① Discuss your own research results with existing theories. ② Point out the significance of the results and conclusions. ③ The research trends and uniqueness of this topic at home and abroad. (4) The problems encountered in the research process and the problems existing in this subject are studied, and the direction of efforts is put forward.
9 marking methods of references
References must be the main documents that the author has personally read. According to GB77 14-87 "Rules for the Description of References at the End of a Text", a sequential coding system is adopted for the description, and Arabic numerals and square brackets are used to mark the order in which they appear in the text, which is arranged at the end of the text, generally within 10, citing published and recently published original works. The authors of 1-3 in the references are all listed, separated by commas, and more than three authors are only listed in the top three, followed by "equality". Chinese periodicals use full names and foreign periodicals use abbreviations (as required).
[Journal]No. Author Title [J] Title Annual Volume (Issue): Start and end pages.
[1] Tan Jianlan. Application and effect of health education in diabetic patients [J]. Modern Clinical Nursing, 2005,4 (2): 54-55
[2] Li Aiche, Fang Xiaojun, Li Qiongmei, etc. Rescue and nursing of heart laceration [J]. Modern Clinical Nursing, 2005,4 (2):14-15
[Book]No. Author (Editor-in-Chief) Title [M] Edition (the first edition is not marked) Publishing House Publication Year: Start and end pages.
[1] Qiu fazu. Surgery [M]. Fourth edition. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 1995: 256-263.
10 header hierarchy
The title level adopts Arabic numerals for continuous coding, and two numerical symbols are separated by dots, without punctuation after the last number. The title is generally divided into no more than four paragraphs, and the first-level title is 1. , the second-level title is 1. 1, the third-level title is 1. 1, and the fourth-level title is1.
refer to
[1] Guo. Basic structure and writing requirements of nursing scientific papers. Journal of Nurses' Continuing Education, 200 1, 16 (Supplements): 6
[2] Hou Rui, Liu Yu. Nursing research. Journal of Nurse Training, 2004, 19 (9): 77 1-773.
[3] Jiang Xiaolian. Nursing theory. Journal of Nurse Training, 20, 2005 (2):100-102.
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