The ancients often called it "poetry" and called it "Shangshu Yaodian": poetry expresses ambition, songs express words, sounds rely on chanting, and rhythm is harmonious. It can be seen that poetry and song are closely coordinated and inseparable, so "poetry" is still used in combination. China ancient poetry art songs are the embodiment of the perfect combination of poetry and songs. The art songs of ancient poems are not only the essence of music art, but also the inheritance of China's profound culture. Therefore, the artistic songs that have always been regarded as "Chun Xue" have gradually attracted the attention of all walks of life, especially the literary and art circles and music circles. At present, there are many researches on China's ancient poems and artistic songs in China. Some of them are discussed from the development of Chinese art songs, some are about representative composers and their art songs, some are about the singing style and aesthetic expression of ancient poetry art songs, and few are analyzed with specific works. Therefore, the author has made some attempts in this respect, and through the analysis of a night-mooring near maple bridge, the representative work, I can understand the characteristics of China's ancient poems and artistic songs from an aesthetic point of view.

The artistic songs of China's ancient poems are a vocal genre that combines China's classical poems with music. They are exquisite works of art by poets and songwriters. Their style is elegant and profound, which is not only the ingenious combination of modern artistic atmosphere and China's rich national characteristics, but also the perfect unity of classical culture and elegant artistic expression, which is very infectious. According to the artistic conception and meaning of the poem, the composer arranges the musical factors such as vocal melody, piano texture, strength and speed in a unified way, draws an organic whole, and reveals the meaning of the poem more deeply and vividly. The artistic songs of ancient poems reproduce the ancient culture of China and pass it on in the form of music. Because of its unique temperament, it is different from other types of songs, and has its distinctive features in language aesthetics and music aesthetics, which is reflected in the song a night-mooring near maple bridge.

First, the aesthetic characteristics of the language of a night-mooring near maple bridge

1. Selected from excellent poems, with profound artistic conception.

The words of ancient poetry and artistic songs are mostly selected from ancient poetry (ancient poetry, Yuefu, metrical poetry, quatrains, etc.). ), lyrics, Sanqu, ballads and other genres. A night-mooring near maple bridge is a famous work by Zhang Ji, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was written by Liyinghai, a composer, according to the artistic conception in the poem. This seven-character quatrain is a poem written by the poet to express his weather-beaten mood and feelings by passing through Qiao Feng Town, boating alone in autumn night and the scenery near Wangjiang. Although there are only 28 words in the whole poem, it can fully and vividly show us a picture near the Maple Bridge at night, resulting in a lonely and sad feeling.

2. The language is concise and the literary foundation is profound.

In Frosty Night, the first sentence implies the whole poem's cold and cheerless style, describing the scene of crows crowing through the night sky in late autumn; "Jiang Feng's fishing fire makes people sleepy", and the author uses anthropomorphic techniques to describe "Jiang Feng" and "fishing fire" to make them have vitality. They looked at each other, but they were sad and sleepless. In Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, Hanshan Temple didn't really catch the poet's eye, and the description of the temples outside the city also showed a cold picture. "Midnight Bell to the Passenger Ship" and "Midnight Bell" once again emphasized time and pointed out the poet's sleepless night. At this time, the bell added a sense of emptiness and sadness. Arriving at the Passenger Ship embodies the poet's nostalgia for his hometown and embodies a trace of homesickness. The four sentences in the whole poem explain the time, place and riverside scene very clearly, and show the poet's mood and emotion at this moment in an unobstructed view through the description of the scene.

3. Clear rhythm and strong sense of rhythm.

Rhythm is closely related to music. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said when discussing the rhyme of poetry: "Rhyme is smooth, and words are easy to change." The perfect combination of the rhythm of ancient poetry language, the smooth relationship of tone and the rhythm of pronunciation makes poetry catchy and interesting. "Night Sleeping by the Maple Bridge" is a seven-character quatrain with a dull voice and a weak voice. When reading, these two words are used as "teasing". Each sentence is divided as follows: the moon sets | the crow | the frost fills the sky, Jiang Feng | the fishing fire | the melancholy sleep, Gusu | Hanshan Temple outside the city | the midnight bell | to the passenger ship. From the perspective of intonation, the rhythm is also obvious: all four poems are carried out according to this rhythm mode, with neat syllables, symmetrical front and back, and harmonious phonology.

Secondly, the musical aesthetic features of a night-mooring near maple bridge.

1. A Double Wall of China and the West has a strong artistic appeal.

Combine European composition techniques with national traditional music elements, and enrich the music color by means of out-of-tune and transposition. This feature of ancient poetry art songs is determined by its background. Around the 1920s, a group of musicians who had studied in Europe and America returned to China, brought back western music theories and composition techniques, and integrated them into China's traditional culture and national model, thus giving birth to this kind of "Chinese and Western double-walled" artistic song. The song "a night-mooring near maple bridge" is based on the five-tone national mode and draws lessons from western composition techniques. Modal tonality is constantly changing in the structure of tone modulation, and there is an uninterrupted' distant relationship modulation ':B Palace -E Palace -#F Palace -B Palace -A Palace -G Palace -B Palace. These tonality changes make the songs form a strong color contrast in melody, which is more infectious. In addition, modern musical elements are widely used in the works, such as chromatic March, melody chromatic gyration, etc. For example, these elements add the characteristics of the works and make them sung to this day.

2. The melody is naturally smooth and lyrical.

Pursuing the close combination of timbre and timbre, the melody is natural and smooth, and it is lyrical. The ups and downs of melody and the speed of rhythm depend on the rhythm of poetry. For example, the first sentence "Frosty Night", according to what I said before, is divided into: the moon sets | crows | frost fills the sky. When singing, the word "Luo" and the word "crow" are slightly prolonged, and the word "frost" has reached the highest sound of this sentence. Opposite to Jiang Feng | Yuhuo |, after Jiang Feng and Yuhuo, there was a slight pause and a long delay according to the frustration of the poem, and the opposite word after that was also the highest tone of this sentence, and kept a beat and a half. "Fishing noodles" adopted a high-pitched downward way, thus reflecting a low mood; Outside the Hanshan Temple in Suzhou | outside the city, this sentence is the "turning point" part of the whole poem, and it is also the highest-sounding sentence when reciting. So the pitch of the word "Gusu" suddenly rose, reaching the highest point of the whole song. This sentence is a downward March, and it returns to the bass area at Hanshan Temple. From midnight to the passenger ship, the "half" of "midnight" and the "sound" of "bell" are also slow, and the melody ups and downs and cadences are roughly the same as the first sentence, realizing the continuity of the poem. The charm of chanting is very appropriate and exactly the same. Generally speaking, the emotion and charm expressed by poetry directly determine the musical image of the songs created. The whole emotional tone of "a night-mooring near maple bridge" is based on sadness and loneliness, and there are thousands of thoughts on the riverside alone. Therefore, the melody is mainly soothing, with big jumps and voice changes. Every sentence of the melody is downward, which reflects the emptiness in the middle of the night and the poet's depressed mood.

3. Pay attention to the piano accompaniment, rendering contrast is strong.

Paying attention to the role of piano accompaniment is a very important feature of ancient poetry and art songs. Piano accompaniment in art songs not only plays the role of accompaniment, but also shoulders the task of setting off the atmosphere, interpreting the musical image and expressing the connotation of the work with the singer. Piano accompaniment and vocal melody complement each other and cooperate organically, and the accompaniment interweaves with the imitation and contrast of the main melody, which more vividly depicts the musical image in the song. A night-mooring near maple bridge is one of the most successful works in ancient poetry and art songs. Different accompaniment textures are used to express different musical images. When describing the "bell", the left hand runs through with a pure bass fifth interval, the duration of which is four beats, even and slow, as shown in the music example. This acoustic effect sets off a deep and distant atmosphere and vividly depicts the ethereal feeling of Hanshan Temple bells. When describing "flowing water", the method of imitating guzheng "flowing water" is used to vividly depict the sound of flowing water, and the short arpeggio of decorative sound is used. This effect is like a breeze blowing small waves on the river, and it is like the rippling sound of paddles across the water, which is very dynamic.

For example, it is the unique temperament of ancient poetry and artistic songs that attracts more and more singers and inspires more composers. Its delicate emotions and distant artistic conception bring infinite aesthetic feeling, thus making many excellent works sung to this day. With the composer's further exploration and creation of ancient poems and artistic songs, I believe there will be more classic works like a night-mooring near maple bridge, which will shine in the vocal garden.