The Music Institute of China Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing has collected more than 20 pieces of Qin Yue, which are made of mahogany, rosewood, elm, colored wood, boxwood, firewood, pine, paulownia, etc. The total length ranges from 42.5 cm to 1 12 cm. * * * Speakers are mostly oblate, hexagonal, octagonal and plum blossom, and there are also some strange shapes, such as oval, crescent, bell and guitar, with a surface diameter of17.5cm ~ 38.5cm.. The style of the piano head is mostly faucet-shaped or wishful-shaped, and there are also cloud-shaped and square piano heads. There are one or four chords on it. The neck is equipped with 8 products ~ 17 products respectively. Shankou, Yinpin and Tiexian are made of bamboo, wood and bone respectively. Zhang has one or four strings, most of which are silk strings, and some of which are tendon strings. One of them is Qin Yue, whose * * * ring box is comparable to a crescent moon, and he is euphemistically called "looking back at the bright moon". The piano body is made of rosewood, with a length of 58 cm. The piano box is covered with paulownia board, with a surface diameter of 33.4 cm. The piano head is carved with taps, bamboo products, silk strings and nine pieces of one string. This strange Qin Yue was originally hidden by Mr. Cheng, a famous Peking Opera performer in China. 1958, Mr. Cheng donated all the 186 ancient and modern national musical instruments collected in his life to the country for free, only ten of them. In the exhibition hall of the Chinese Musical Instrument Museum, there is a Qin Yue made of mahogany, with a total length of 66 cm. * * The sound box is oblate, and six groups of boxwood carving are embedded around the piano frame. Covered with boxwood and backboard on both sides, the surface diameter is 38.5 cm. The piano head is inlaid with boxwood carving, on which there are four mahogany strings, and the surface is engraved with twist patterns. The neck of the piano is embedded with bone products. This piano has exquisite materials and meticulous craftsmanship. The top of the chord around the piano frame is decorated with mother-of-pearl pieces, which should be a modern boutique. After the piano was made in 1959, it was presented to the Institute for exhibition by the Light Industry Bureau of the Ministry of Light Industry of China. There is also a "South China Yueqin" produced by the Yueqin player. Wooden, with a total length of 65.5 cm, an oblate sounding box with a surface diameter of 34 cm. Cloud-shaped piano head, with four frets on it, bamboo notes, wooden strings, silk strings, four strings and eight frets. Inscribed on the plaque in regular script is "adding piano and three lanes in the mountains, a bright moon and a cool breeze and a wine?" Fourteen characters, and signed "1957 Duanyang". This piano is simple to make, with rough lines, delicate lettering and unpainted. It was brought back from Nanhua County, Wei Chu in 1959 when Mr. Zhao Kuanren, a national musicologist from the Music Research Institute, went to Yunnan to investigate and collect folk songs, which has a strong national style. ?
When playing Qin Yue, hold it in your chest, press the strings with your left hand, and pluck the strings with your index finger or pick with your right hand. The pick is made of bamboo, ox horn or bone. Yueqin is often tuned in a relationship of five or four degrees. The four-string yueqin can have two strings in the same tune, and each string has one tune. The general tuning is as follows: the tuning of two-string Qin Yue is d 1 and a1; e 1、a 1； G 1, d2. The tuning of three-string Qin Yue is: g, d 1, g1; G, c 1, g 1. The tuning of four-string Qin Yue is: d 1, d 1, a 1; A, d 1, g 1, c2. The tuning of long pole Qin Yue is: g, c 1, g 1, c2. In Liangshan, Sichuan, there are two modes of three-stringed Qin Yue. The tuning of Qin Yue played with a pick is e 1, a 1 and E2; The tuning of Qin Yue played with fingers is: d 1, a 1, d2. In Mojiang, Yunnan, the modes of Qin Yue, a branch of the Yi people's Niesu, are: f 1, f 1, c2, c2. In Longlin, Guangxi, the tune of Miao Leqin is d 1, a 1 and a 1. Yueqin's timbre is pleasant to hear, with crisp high notes, bright midrange and full bass. Yueqin played with a pick is mainly played by the right hand, plucking and rolling, and sometimes by pinching and sweeping. , and has a unique "scraping" skill effect. The left hand has the techniques of pressing, shaking, sliding and reading. Yueqin played with fingers also absorbed the playing skills of stringed instruments such as Qin Liu and Pipa. Qin Yue in Liangshan, Sichuan has developed from two chords of 18 degrees to three chords of 38 degrees, which not only maintains the national style and characteristics, but also breaks through the old tradition. It also absorbed the techniques of three strings and pipa, playing, plucking, picking and sweeping, and occasionally added various changes such as double strings, chords and sustained sounds, which expanded and enriched the expressive force. When playing dance music, you often tap the panel with your fingers to enhance the warm atmosphere. ?
Yueqin can be used for solo, instrumental ensemble and accompaniment for song and dance, opera and rap music. It is an accompaniment instrument for Beijing Opera, Pingju Opera, Henan Opera, Chu Opera, Xi Opera, Guangxi Opera and Taiwan Province Gezi Opera. In Beijing Opera, Yueqin, Jinghu and Jinghu Erhu are collectively called three major pieces. Henan opera is equipped with harpsichord, which is called three major pieces together with two-stringed instruments and three-stringed instruments. Yueqin is also used to accompany rap music in Sichuan, which was developed from folk songs during the reign of Qing Qianlong and was deeply loved by Sichuan people. In the past, artists often sat in teahouses or held live concerts in the street, accompanied by pipa or yueqin, so they were called "singing pipa" or "singing yueqin". Since the 1950s, the voiceless sounds in Sichuan have been continuously enriched and improved, and the accompaniment instruments have also increased the huqin, bowl piano, sandalwood and bamboo drum. In the Yi area, yueqin is the main accompaniment instrument for folk songs and dances, and it is also the accompaniment for the Yi opera born in the 1950s. In Longlin, Guangxi, Miao people often play in ensemble or solo with Qin Yue. Dong people often play Qin Yue and Lusheng together in Hunan Passage, which is known as the "hometown of music". In Dali, Yunnan Province, Qin Yue is a three-stringed instrument, which is second only to the Bai's bibcock. It is also used to accompany Bai Opera. ?
Yueqin plays an important role in the music life of Yi, Hani and Miao ethnic groups, and is often used in the social and love life of young men and women. It is an indispensable instrument to express feelings in traditional festivals of various ethnic groups and festive activities such as "dancing songs" and "jumping slopes". One or several players dance while playing the piano, and then everyone dances in a circle.
Yueqin music is rich and colorful, and different nationalities and regions are different. The famous traditional solos of Yi people include: Blowing Wind, Wild Horse Crossing the River, A Pair of Goose, Liubei Tune, Ganluo Tune, Shu Xi Tune, Leibo Tune, Weining Tune, Dali Tune, Turf Tune and Gamu Tune. Hani yueqin music includes "Over the Mountain Tune" and so on.