Outside the camp, ambush on all sides, besieged on all sides; In the camp, the candlelight is dim and the beauty is sad. A cup of turbid wine, a sad song, an all-powerful hero, a man who never shed tears, cried and burst into tears-"I dare not look up after crying for a few lines", while you, a mountain-pulling, said in one breath, "I can't help it if I don't die, but I'm worried." A picture of the hero's end is presented in front of future generations with such bright colors, which makes them sigh, regret and move. Is this Sima Qian, the Taishi Duke, in his masterpiece Historical Records? The scene depicted in Biography of Xiang Yu conveys an emotion-deep sympathy and regret.
Perhaps because of his romantic personality and unfortunate experience, Tai Shigong has a preference for tragic characters, which occupies a great weight in Historical Records. In particular, Tai Shigong, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty and the sworn enemy who fought side by side with Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, is more partial, which not only makes him among the best emperors inherited by the Dynasty (there are many criticisms about this in later generations, and there is a criticism in Rongzhai Essay of the Ming Dynasty that "it is too much to replace Qin with feathers"), but also through several vivid descriptions, such as: when a stag saved Zhao, it was broken. When Gaixia broke through, he glared, roared down, was in flight, beheaded generals, and cut flags, which shaped Xiang Yu into an indomitable hero.
For more than two thousand years, how many people have been moved by Xiang Yu's heroism, and how many people have concealed their sighs and regrets that Xiang Yu has not won the world. There is a saying in Tang Du Mu that "it is unexpected to win or lose a military plan, and it is also shameful to humiliate people." There are many talents in Jiangdong, and it is unknown to make a comeback. Song Yi 'an has the feeling that "life is a hero and death is a ghost". He still misses Xiang Yu and refuses to cross Jiangdong. Even Song Zhuxi, a neo-Confucian, marveled at Gaixia Song: "Bold and brave, there are thousands of years of grievances." This naturally depends on the powerful artistic appeal of Tai Shigong's Biography of Xiang Yu.
On the other hand, in Biography of Xiang Yu, Tai Shigong criticized Liu Bang, the winner of the Chu-Han struggle. For example, when Xiang Yu fled, in order to run away with all his strength, he even "pushed Xiaohui and Yuan Lu (his own children) out of the car" and "such a third"; When she was besieged by the Chu army, she regarded the women in the camp as suspicious soldiers-"The woman who went out at night at the East Gate of Xingyang was attacked by two thousand people" and fled by herself. Xiang Yu wants to cook his father Taigong. Liu Bang actually said: "If I were an old man, I would cook, and it would be my blessing to get a piece of the action." I am a hooligan. We really should thank Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the great-grandson of the great-great-grandfather, for being so generous that Sima Qian's disrespect for his ancestors went down in history without the retribution of the slit-throat literary inquisition in later generations.
Then, what would it be like if the result of the Chu-Han dispute was that Xiang Yu won the world and the heroes of the world defeated the hooligans? Tai Shigong is a rigorous historian after all. Although he sympathized with the tragic hero Xiang Yu, he always adhered to the historical principle of "not hiding evil and not promoting good" when writing. A close reading of Biography of Xiang Yu shows that the great hero Chu Bawang has several hobbies. He likes to "slaughter" and "bury" people, soldiers and scholars alive, or "cook" and "burn".
Attack Xiangcheng in his early years. Because he can't attack it for a long time, once he wins, the whole city will be submerged by it. When he entered Xianyang, he was afraid of Qin's surrender in Xin 'an. "His heart was not satisfied, so the Chu army attacked more than 200 thousand chi at night." In the Battle of Chengyang, "the north burned the walls of Qi State and all surrendered to Tian Rong, the old, weak, women and children"; In Huang Zhi War, Wang Xiang was very angry because soldiers and civilians in the city fell down for a few days. He learned that the man went to the east of the city when he was fifteen, and he wanted it. Fortunately, he was persuaded by foreign businessman Huang to give up. After the invasion of Qin Doucheng, it was even more "killing Xianyang, killing Zi Ying, the king of Qin, burning Qin Gong, and the fire would not go out in March;" Women gather their treasures to the east "is really a murderous demon king robber. The hobbies of "cooking" and "burning" are even more outrageous. After the capture of Xianyang, some scholars advised Xiang Yu to stay in Guanzhong to make a great cause, but he was short-sighted: "wealth does not return to his hometown, like clothes embroidered at night, who knows!" ",just want to.
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When he went back to his hometown to show off, he had to sigh: "People say that Chu people washed monkeys and crowned their ears", but the result was "Wang Xiang smelled it and cooked it"; Conquering Xingyang, there is no Hanwang. In order to vent their anger, they burned the Shoujiang Jixin and cooked the Shoujiang Zhou Ke; When fighting with Liu Bang, in order to force him to surrender, he wanted to "cook the squire"-Liu Bang's father. Fortunately, he was scared off by Liu Bang's hooliganism-"I am Weng" (my father is your father), and the two brothers did not drink the pot of "dad soup" together. All this, it is conceivable that if Xiang Yu won the world, to borrow the words of Fan Kuai, the "butcher" who killed dogs at the Hongmen banquet-it is nothing more than the continuation of the Qin Dynasty, another tyrant Qin Shihuang. The Qin Dynasty was also satisfied with this "Chang Zhi". In the battle with Zhao Changping, Qin buried Zhao alive for 400,000 yuan a night. Of course, there is also the popular "burning books to bury Confucianism". Xiang Yu's "cooking" and "burning" can also be compared with the punishment of splitting five horses in the Qin Dynasty. Alas, the tyrant's abuse is too outrageous!
Of course, Hanwang Liu Bang has a lot of hooliganism, killing heroes, destroying dissidents, and even drinking too much and urinating, but he has faith in the people and benevolence. As soon as he entered Xianyang, he made a pact with the Qin people and abolished the tyranny of Qin. The army was not affected by the people's cattle and wine, and Qiu did not commit any crime. People didn't see him "killing", "cooking" and "cooking" all day. Therefore, "the people are happy, and they are afraid that Pei Gong will not be the king of Qin". It is conceivable that the people will turn their backs.
The history of China is like a big stage, where tyrants, hooligans, or tyrants plus hooligans, and rulers with different personalities take turns to perform on the stage. Although their costumes and acting skills are different, their core is nothing more than autocratic rule. Lu Xun once divided the history of China into "when I wanted to be a slave but couldn't be one" and "when I was a slave for a while". In fact, when a tyrant comes to power, it is "the era of wanting to be a slave"; When hooligans came to power, it was an era of "temporarily stabilizing slaves." Therefore, the people can only choose the lesser of two evils, preferring hooligans to tyrants. Xiang Yu lost his way when he broke through and asked Fu Tian. Fu Tian said "Left". Left, is trapped in Ozawa ",this is the situation at that time.