Writing an abstract of a paper should have four characteristics as much as possible: innovation to reflect the innovative parts of the paper, such as new methods, new technologies, new discoveries, new opinions and new viewpoints. Scientific nature, the so-called scientific nature, can not be exaggerated or reduced in order to accurately reflect the content of the paper; Integrity abstracts away the original independence, making it easy to retrieve a single chapter, publish records or enter computer databases; Concise, the words should be concise, concise and focused.
At present, the commonly used structural forms have fixed formats and clear details when summarizing medical papers. Structured abstract includes four aspects:
(1) The purpose is to explain why this research is needed in one or two sentences. Or solve any problems?
(2) Methods, whether basic research or clinical research, lack of materials and methods, scientific research itself has become an empty talk. What method should be used to answer in the method? That is, what to do and how to do research. It is the basis for the implementation of scientific research design, the main basis for argumentation and argumentation, and the main premise for drawing conclusions. Due to the different types of medical papers, their expressions are also different.
(3) The achievement is the core of the paper and the embodiment of the research achievement. Although a study has a good idea and careful design, if the data is incomplete, improperly handled and the results obtained are inaccurate, it will be impossible to show the regularity of things and reveal the true internal relations of things. The result part is to show the objective things, and it is the primary data, so there is no need to quote other people's materials here, so there is no explanation, discussion and evaluation here. It is not allowed to mix a little secondary data, which can withstand repeated verification. No matter whether the result is negative or positive, there should be no subjective tendency, and the data should be statistically processed, the evaluation results should have clear standards, and the cited formulas should have sources.
(4) The conclusion is a regular conclusion based on the analysis of the research results. It must be justified and appropriate, and it is forbidden to fabricate and exaggerate. What is the first and the first? Let others comment.
Numbers, tables, formulas, chemical structural formulas, references and non-common symbols, terms or abbreviations are not used in the abstract. Technical terms and nomenclature should be standardized. Don't discuss abstractly, and don't write subjective inferences. Generally, the third person is used for abstraction, and the first person is rarely or never used. Words are not segmented, but written continuously. The number of words in Chinese abstracts is generally around 300 words. If there are too many words, the length will increase and the content of the article will be repeated. There are too few words to provide more information, which makes readers unable to grasp the main points and play an abstract role. The format of English abstracts should be consistent with that of Chinese, and the length of English abstracts can be slightly longer than that of Chinese abstracts for the convenience of international communication. In short, the author should pay enough attention to the abstract of the paper, carefully scrutinize its words, and express more content in the least language besides accuracy.