In all fields of society, everyone must be familiar with papers. A thesis is an article to discuss or study some problems. Then the question comes, how to write an excellent paper? The following is my thesis on the ideological theme and artistic style of Ba Jin's later novels. Welcome to read the collection.

abstract:

Ba Jin's works written in the 1940s are more mature than those written in the 1930s. His works "Resting Garden", "Sick Room No.4" and "Cold Night" all surpass "Home" and other works in artistic level. Especially Cold Night is a milestone in Ba Jin's later creation. The multiple implications of his ideological theme and the great changes of his artistic style show the great aesthetic value of Ba Jin's novels.

Paper Keywords: Ba Jin; Cold night; Calm and meticulous; polyphony

Character introduction:

Ba Jin (1904165438+1October 25th-200565438+1October 17), formerly known as Li Yaotang, once had pen names such as Pagan, Blissful, Heilang and Feng Chun. Han nationality, a native of Chengdu, Sichuan, is originally from Jiaxing, Zhejiang. China writer, translator, social activist, patriotic democrat without party affiliation. Ba Jin 1904 1 1 was born in a feudal bureaucratic family in Chengdu, Sichuan. After the May 4th Movement, Ba Jin was deeply influenced by the new wave thought, and under the influence of this thought, he started his personal anti-feudal struggle. From 65438 to 0923, Ba Jin left home to study in Shanghai, Nanjing and other places, and began his literary creation career for half a century.

Random thoughts written by Ba Jin after the Cultural Revolution is simple and sincere, full of the author's remorse and introspection, so Ba Jin is known as "the conscience of China literature in the 20th century".

First, from single to multiple meanings:

The polyphonic structure of Ba Jin's later novels became profound in style and rich in connotation in the 1940s. If the early works are monotonous novels, then the later works are basically polyphonic novels. In works, there are always many meanings and voices. He still inherited the previous lyricism, but not as impetuous, superficial and radical as the previous one. It is implicit and profound, which makes people feel sad. For example, the rest garden is lyrical, but euphemistic and profound. The reason for this is because of its rich connotation. On the one hand, it is a cultural criticism of feudal families, on the other hand, it is a desire for freedom and kindness of human nature. There is also the author's personal emotional factors for the family. Fourth area has a strong social criticism, but he also has a perspective on human nature and a desire for goodness and beauty. Especially "Cold Night", with rich meanings and exquisite skills, can be said to be Ba Jin's most perfect artistic masterpiece. Then the author takes this work as an example to discuss the profound ideological theme and artistic style variation of the later novels.

Second, the multiple meanings of Cold Night.

Cold Night is short in words, but rich in connotation. It is the unity of social criticism, cultural conflict, human nature exploration and life thinking, and the trinity of reality, culture, human nature and life.

1. A major motive force for Ba Jin's creation of Cold Night is his criticism of the dark social reality, and Cold Night is a symbol of gloomy reality. This work is about the tragedy of a small family. It doesn't come from the life resources of Ba Jin's big family in the past, but from his own small family's life feelings and imagination. When writing Cold Night, Ba Jin just got married and was still intoxicated with happiness and sweetness. However, he wrote such a touching tragic story with excellent imagination. The story happened in Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War, with few characters, a young couple, a mother-in-law and a child. Her husband, Wang Wenxuan, has a weak personality and a small income. His wife Zeng Shusheng is beautiful and open, and her mother-in-law is stubborn. Due to the pressure of survival, the existing contradictions have intensified day by day, and the contradiction between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law has escalated. The husband is in a dilemma and his spirit is extremely painful. Finally, his wife ran away from home, and his husband died of severe lung disease in the sound of gongs and drums that won the Anti-Japanese War. The mother-in-law left home with her children. Finally, his wife Zeng Shusheng went home, but the house was empty, and she wandered alone in the cold moonlight. The work writes: At night, it is really too cold. Ba Jin connected this family tragedy with social reality. It is this dark reality in the Kuomintang-controlled areas that caused this tragedy. Later, in order to illustrate the social significance of the novel, Ba Jin repeatedly emphasized the background of the book, and made it clear that the purpose of the work was to expose the political darkness in the rear area and the painful situation of intellectuals on the eve of the Anti-Japanese War. "At that time, the bureaucratic bourgeoisie was the most active in society, that is, people who used their power to hoard money and do yellow, white and black business. They used the power of officials and business to combine, and used up all the vitality left by China in the war like moths to a fire. " The pain, unemployment and family breakdown in Wang Wenxuan's works are closely related to social reality.

2. The conflict between traditional culture and modern concepts.

In fact, this kind of family tragedy can also be found in culture.

In this family, the contradiction between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law is the most important contradiction. Mother-in-law is completely old-fashioned, with traditional feudal family ethics on her, while Zeng Shusheng is a new youth with modern education. Mother-in-law always measures her daughter-in-law with old ideas. Because the daughter-in-law can't accept this old moral constraint, the two sides often have contradictions, which leads to the breakdown of this family.

Mother-in-law's love for her son and daughter-in-law is great and selfish, just like all very traditional and narrow-minded mothers in China. But she also used the traditional feudal women's morality to examine Zeng Shusheng. Under the traditional female moral standards, new-school women like Zeng Shusheng are bad women who don't follow women's morals. She hates her son's wife, even. She despises Zeng Shusheng's lifestyle, such as dancing, socializing at night, dressing up and wearing beautiful clothes. She even made a very sharp mockery of Zeng Shusheng's free love and marriage with his son. "You are just my son's concubine, and I took it in a sedan chair." Naturally, Zeng Shusheng can't stand such insults. She said: "I tell you, it's 33 years of the Republic of China, not the Guangxu Xuan Tong era, so I have never been blessed with foot binding." More often, she did not confront Zeng Shusheng head-on, but had a fierce conflict with Zeng Shusheng through Wang Wenxuan. Instead of understanding and supporting the feelings of her son and wife, she destroyed the feelings between them. Seeing the intimate feelings between her son and his wife, she was not gratified, but disgusted. When her son quarreled with his wife, she didn't want them to make up soon. Instead, she gloated and even made mischief, adding fuel to the fire and encouraging her son and wife to make a clean break. Zeng Shusheng and Wang Wenxuan quarreled and ran away in a rage. She said it was "elopement" and that she couldn't come back. She said, "If I were you, I would announce my divorce." "I advise you to die. Now that you are a new woman, how can you follow you through this hard life for a long time! " "That woman is gone, and you will win the war of resistance in the future. You will be rich one day, and you are afraid of not getting a woman. " When her son took the initiative to find a wife, she became angry and felt that her son was worthless. The conflict between the two people finally reached the point where there was me without her and there was her without me. The departure of Zeng Shusheng is more directly related to this contradiction between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law.

3. Think about life and explore human nature

This family tragedy also includes Ba Jin's thinking and exploration of life and humanity. If the conflict between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law is mainly the conflict between old and new cultures, then the conflict between husband and wife has more human nature and life connotation.

The deepest source of this family tragedy is the conflict of life. Wang Wenxuan and Zeng Shusheng are two different life states. Wang Wenxuan is decadent, but Zeng Shusheng is full. They didn't break up because they had no feelings. The marriage between Wang Wenxuan and Zeng Shusheng is not a marriage without love. They freely fell in love, got married and lived together for 14 years. It can be seen from the works that there is a deep affection between them. Even though Zeng Shusheng ran away from home, he still missed his husband and children at home. He always sends money and letters home on time and finally goes home. Therefore, the key is not the emotional problems between them, but the living conditions. Wang Wenxuan has lost the vitality of a man, not only because of his physical illness, but also because of his mental state. He is just an empty shell of kindness and morality, with nothing but kindness and loyalty. He is the kind of person who has been degraded and sunk by the pressure of daily life. No matter in society or at home, he lacks the independent will and strength he deserves, but he just goes with the flow feebly.

In society, although he worked carefully, he achieved nothing in his career and even lost his job, relying on his wife to support him. He has neither friends nor the approval of his superiors. His cowardice is almost shocking. Everyone chipped in to treat his boss to dinner and drinks. He was poor and uninterested, but he dared not say no. He took out his money and went to the hotel for fun. He suffers from severe tuberculosis and often coughs, but the boss looks at him and he doesn't dare to cough. In the family, he is also weak. He is incapable of dealing with family disputes. When his wife and mother were in conflict, he was in a dilemma and at a loss. He is helpless except for pain. His weakness made him lose the charm of a man. He often stares at a pair of poor eyes and seeks sympathy and understanding in Zeng Shusheng's face, but Zeng Shusheng can't stand his eyes the most. His mother always refuses and denies Zeng Shusheng aggressively, but when she faces the pressure from her mother, she is either full of tears, groaning in pain, begging or silent. His good morality can be said to be a supplement to his weak vitality. He tried to make up for the lack of vitality with morality, but in the end he could not maintain love and family. Zeng Shusheng is the kind of woman who is full of energy. She is lively and beautiful, eager for life. However, she is not the kind of intellectual woman with lofty aspirations, but the kind of secular intellectual woman. The kind of happiness she longs for is a kind of secular happiness. From this perspective, Cold Night is a tragic love story about a cowardly man and a beautiful woman.

Third, meticulous and calm realistic style.

Ba Jin wrote passionately in the early stage and calmly narrated in the later stage. Cold Night fully embodies the sober and meticulous realistic style of Ba Jin's later novels.

Ba Jin belongs to "youth writing" in his early years, and his style shows the characteristics of passion. Home is such a novel. Emotion and emotion become the most prominent features of the works. Enthusiasm, frankness, simplicity and hearty, Wang Yang is unrestrained and flowing freely. He doesn't want to be profound and meaningful, and he doesn't want to be complicated and rigorous. He just wants to communicate with readers' feelings and sing his own voice. The preface to Riptide written by Ba Jin 193 1 2008 is only a thousand words, but it constantly emphasizes the emotional characteristics of love and hate. Love and hate are an emotional torrent: "This torrent is always surging, never stopping, and can't stop; Nothing can stop it. On its way, it also radiates all kinds of sparks, including love, hate, joy and pain.

All this has caused a rushing torrent, which is unstoppable and rushes to the only current. "Speaking of home, Ba Jin emphasized his love and hate at that time.

Love and hate are the main emotions in this work. In terms of language, there are many lyrical languages, even descriptive languages, which are full of strong feelings.

To a great extent, Home has won many young readers by this passionate resistance with clear love and hate. However, great changes have taken place in the later period, which are reflected in the following aspects:

1. The detailed description of daily life "Cold Night" is set in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, and there are no major social events, but it is all about ordinary little people and their daily lives. The most important thing is to write about the contradictions and conflicts of three people in their daily family life, which determines the nuanced narrative style of the works. There is nothing dramatic about daily life itself. If you don't describe it carefully, there is nothing to write about the work. The so-called meticulous is the detail. The work wins with wonderful details, and there are almost no big scenes in the work, all of which are composed of daily life details. For example, at the beginning of work, Wang Wenxuan quarreled with his wife, who left. He went to the bank where his wife worked, but found her out with a man. His contradictory, complicated, painful psychology and cowardly character, which he wanted to find a wife but dared not, were fully displayed in the details.

2. Psychological depth

A good novel always creates characters. There are only three characters in Cold Night, but each character has flesh and blood. The success of a character's personality is an exploration of the character's psychology. Only when you enter the mind can you shape your character. Generally speaking, China's classical novels mainly rely on the actions of characters to express their psychology, or describe their digging psychology in detail. Modern novels often go directly into the characters' psychology, dig deep and describe people's inner life. "Cold Night" mainly relies on details and the depth of psychological exploration to write characters. Works often enter the inner world of characters and reveal their complex psychology.

For example, the whole second part is about Wang Wenxuan's psychological activities. Write that he had a dream. In the dream, both his mother and his wife are fighting for him, and he is in the middle, which is very painful.

Four. conclusion

In a word, Ba Jin's later novels, especially Cold Night, represent another peak of modern literary creation. In particular, the in-depth exploration and detailed description of human nature show the outstanding imagination and ability to deal with experience of a great literary soul, and its organic unity of ideology and artistry reflects the eternal literary charm!

Ba Jin's famous saying:

1. Love the truth and live faithfully. This is the supreme attitude towards life. Without any hypocrisy and forgiveness, be loyal to yourself and others, and you can become a judge of your own behavior.

A soldier always pursues the light. Instead of lying in the clear sky enjoying the sunshine, he burned a torch in the dark to light the road for people and make them walk towards dawn.

3. Be a person who gives charcoal in cold weather and comforts in pain.

I will never be pessimistic. I want to get more jobs. I will work for our socialist motherland until the last breath of my life.

My eyes are still full of friends' tears, and my blood is still boiling in my veins. It is not only my lonely heart that beats in my chest, but also the warm hearts of many friends. I can say without exaggeration. I survived by friendship.

6. The meaning of life lies in giving, not in receiving or taking.

7. Silence often alienates people from their friends. The expression of passion and freedom have brought people closer together.

8. Life is like a diary, and everyone wants to write down their experiences. But how humble he was when he compared his diary with his oath!

9. I love my motherland and people. I can't live without it and them, let alone write.

10, wealth is not "suitable for future generations". If you don't give them the same life skills, show them a life path. If wealth is only consumed in personal interests, it can only destroy lofty ideals and kind temperament.

1 1, I always say that I live by friendship, and friendship is my guiding light.

12, youth is infinitely beautiful. Youth is the hope of mankind, as well as the hope of the motherland and the people. This belief runs through all my works.

13, the approach of "death" makes people cherish "life" and the time they can control while alive. Everyone knows that he will die at any time, and he is even more unwilling to waste time. He wants to do something well in this limited rest of his life.

14. The path I have taken in writing is the same as that I have taken in my life. My attitude is to be loyal to myself and others. ..... I hope they will be widely read, which will arouse people's cherish of light and dislike of darkness. ..... My article is written for most people. I will always say what I want to say, and I will always do my duty as a summoner in the dark.

15, it is faith that dominates the actions of soldiers. He can endure all difficulties and pains to achieve his chosen goal.

16, the glorious ideal washes away the dirt in my heart like clear water.

17, hope is the need of life. If people have no hope, why do rivers dry up?

18, ideals don't abandon those who pursue painstakingly. As long as you don't stop pursuing, you will be bathed in the glory of ideals.

19, I always remember that youth is beautiful, and for me, it is always the source of inspiration.

20. I will be happy to do things according to the instructions of my faith, no matter how big or small.

2 1. Having lived in the "bullpen" for ten years, I have the responsibility to expose that thrilling big scam so that future generations will not suffer any more disasters. I write, think and explore. The more you write, the more serious you feel. -Random thoughts

22. Friends are eternal and have no end.

These young people have conscience and enthusiasm, and want to do something beneficial to everyone. They sacrificed their personal interests for this ideal. They may be naive, they may often make mistakes, and their efforts may be ineffective. However, their spirit of sacrifice, their heroism and their childlike innocence have made everyone with conscience shed tears of gratitude.

References:

Milan Kundera. The Art of Fiction, Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2004.

[2] He Yanping. Ba Jin's later novel creation from the perspective of polyphony analysis, Journal of Zhongzhou University, No.2, 2007.

[3] Sun Longji. The Deep Structure of China Culture, Guangxi Normal University Press, 2004.

4 Ernst Becker. Refuse to die, translated by Lin, Huaxia Publishing House, 2005.

;