Analysis on the influence of ... and its countermeasures

Dong

"Difficult employment for college students" is an old topic. Every year, the government, society and schools are working hard year after year, but college students are still "broken" year after year. This year, affected by the US subprime mortgage crisis, the global economic situation is bleak. Many enterprises have laid off employees on a large scale, and most enterprises choose to reduce the number of recruits significantly, which is undoubtedly worse for college students' employment. "How much impact does the financial crisis have on the employment of college students this year?" This problem is a common concern today.

First, the impact of the financial crisis on the job market.

From the background of the international financial crisis, the crisis is accelerating from the virtual economy to the real economy. In such a dangerous economic environment, many companies are facing various difficulties to some extent. Many companies at home and abroad are retrenching and reducing costs, among which labor cost has become a factor they have to consider. Therefore, it is more difficult for college students to find jobs now than in previous years. Recently, a lot of news has been talking about the manufacturing depression in China, typical of which are the manufacturing factories in the Long Delta and Shenzhen. Because of the appreciation of RMB, they lost the advantage of demographic dividend and were forced to reduce labor costs. The mistake of ignoring GDP development and workers demanding higher treatment first led to the shortage of migrant workers; Secondly, because the cost can't bear a large number of bankruptcies. According to statistics, in the first half of 2008, 67,000 small and medium-sized enterprises in China closed down, and many industries ushered in a cold wave of layoffs. I remember that during the Spring Festival this year, "financial resources are rolling", as a homonym of "layoffs are rolling", has become a taboo for Chinese New Year blessings. With the increase of a large number of unemployed people, these people have undoubtedly become an indispensable factor in "grabbing the rice bowl" with recent college students. More importantly, the demand for talents by enterprises themselves is not the same as when the economic situation was good in previous years. There are opportunities everywhere, and people can get rich everywhere. Before, companies and enterprises everywhere recruited dozens or even hundreds of graduates from a school, especially those majoring in science and engineering, who lived leisurely all day and were not afraid of being ignored. However, when the economic crisis came, some former big employers began to narrow down the list, and some even cancelled some campus job fairs altogether. Like the employment of college graduates a few years ago, at this time, the signing rate of at least 40%-50% is now only over 20%.

Looking at this problem from a broader perspective, the future career planning of graduates and the way out after graduation have all been reshuffled with this crisis. With the financial crisis in Europe and America, the growing enthusiasm for studying abroad in recent years began to show signs of cooling down. Due to China's unique economic system and mode, the domestic employment environment has also shown some advantages in this crisis. On the other hand, the economic recession in some developed countries has also had a significant impact on the RMB exchange rate, the demand for new talents and immigration. Many students who originally planned to go abroad for further study are also reorganizing their ideas and re-measuring the return on investment of studying abroad. Of course, some people originally planned to find a job to make a living after graduation, but with the turmoil of the economic situation, they picked up their textbooks and devoted themselves to the review of the postgraduate entrance examination.

Second, other factors affecting employment.

1. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, the total number of graduates was 4.95 million in 2007 and 5.59 million in 2008, and it is expected to reach a record high of 6 1 1 10,000 in 2009, and the total pressure continues to increase. In terms of employment, in 2008, the number of unemployed graduates increased 1.68 million. Together with this year's fresh graduates, there are about 7.8 million college graduates who need employment in 2009, and the situation is very grim. According to the situation in our city, there were 3,703 graduates in 2008, 2,636 graduates returned to poverty, with employment 1.687 and unemployment of 949. In 2009, there were 3,796 graduates (excluding teachers' classes) and more than 300 teachers' classes, totaling 4,096. Although the overall number of graduates this year has not changed much compared with last year, the employment pressure of graduates is still very severe due to the accumulation of some unemployed graduates in the previous two years and some foreign graduates looking for jobs in rich areas.

2. In view of the current situation that the supply of college graduates exceeds the demand, some employers have high conditions for recruiting talents, and employers are inclined to graduates from famous universities and key universities, which makes it more difficult for college graduates from some local colleges to find jobs. In recent years, the number of graduates waiting for employment has been increasing, and some graduates with unsatisfactory employment in the past have been constantly changing jobs, crowding out the employment positions of recent college graduates. And some low-end jobs employ migrant workers, which hinders the downward shift of graduates' employment focus.

3. With the implementation of the Civil Service Law and the further deepening of the personnel system reform in public institutions, the number of strictly controlled personnel in public institutions has increased, and the number of graduates admitted by public institutions has further decreased.

Third, solving the employment dilemma of college students requires the joint efforts of the whole society.

How to solve the employment dilemma of college students? There are many reasons for the predicament, and the solution to the problem is by no means a single measure or method. This problem involves the whole society, and it is necessary to mobilize all social forces to "grasp the governance of * * *" and "the Eight Immortals show their magical powers when crossing the sea".

1. government: develop economy, create opportunities and implement special policies.

From the government level, the most important thing is to develop the economy by introducing policies to create opportunities. In order to resist the adverse impact of the international economic environment on China, China has determined 10 measures to further expand domestic demand and promote economic growth. These measures include: building affordable housing projects, rural infrastructure construction, major infrastructure construction such as railways, highways and airports, medical and health care, cultural and educational development, ecological environment construction, independent innovation and structural adjustment, post-disaster reconstruction in earthquake-stricken areas, increasing the income of urban and rural residents, comprehensively implementing the reform of value-added tax in various regions and industries throughout the country, and increasing financial support for economic growth. According to preliminary calculation, by the end of 20 10, the implementation of the above projects will require an investment of about 4 trillion yuan.

At the same time, the state has raised the export tax rebate rate for labor-intensive commodities such as textiles, clothing and toys, and raised the export tax rebate rate for high-tech and high value-added commodities such as anti-AIDS drugs. Accordingly, the central bank has adjusted the credit scale of commercial banks nationwide, which will effectively alleviate the financing and guarantee difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. These policies to stimulate the economy will fundamentally ensure the expansion of employment demand. For example, with the support of the government, our city promptly promoted the listing of Feng Zhe Small Loan Company, which greatly eased the capital turnover problem of some small enterprises in our city.

To promote the employment of college students, we need to implement special policies: First, implement the nationwide free employment policy for college students, and ensure their "citizen and citizen treatment" throughout the country, so as to fundamentally solve the policy environment problem of college students' employment in China. Second, the country needs to consider increasing the demand for college students in the short term. The measures that can have a direct impact are to increase the employment of graduates by government agencies, the army, the armed police and other social service institutions. It can also further increase the demand for college students in the western region and grassroots units. Third, the state can consider appropriately increasing the total number of graduate students in a short period of time, reducing the supply of college graduates and helping college students tide over the difficult period of the financial crisis.

Take our city as an example. At present, the city has also taken some measures at the government level to alleviate the employment difficulties of college students: (1) Further encourage and support college graduates to start their own businesses. According to the "Implementation Measures of Entrepreneurship Funding for College Graduates in Fuyang City (Trial)", the municipal finance will increase the "special fund for talent development" by 6,543.8+0 million yuan every year to subsidize qualified college graduates to start businesses in our city, so as to promote employment through entrepreneurship. At the same time, this year, the city proposed to implement the "2 12" employment project for graduates, that is, to fund more than 20 independent innovation projects for graduates, train about 1000 graduates, and solve the employment problem of 2,000 graduates. Create conditions to promote the construction of college students' entrepreneurial parks and further strengthen the service platform for college students' entrepreneurship; (2) Further encourage graduates to work in grassroots and private enterprises. The first is to implement rural and community recruitment plans. Since 2007, it took three years for our city to have a college student village official in each village. At present, more than 223 college students have been recruited to work in villages (communities). This year, we will ensure the creation of 88 employment opportunities and basically achieve the goal of having a college graduate in every village in the city. The second is to implement the employment plan for graduates to private enterprises. Relevant government departments and their affiliated service agencies should provide them with services such as employment settlement, social insurance handling and continuation, personnel agency and rights protection, and form a social environment conducive to college graduates' employment in enterprises. The third is to implement the recruitment plan of public institutions. This year, we will strive to achieve the goal of recruiting about 300 college graduates, especially the education, health and cultural systems, and take the opportunity of accelerating the construction of grassroots health and cultural service institutions and rural primary and secondary schools to attract more college graduates; (3) Further strengthen the employment service for college graduates. First, focus on helping college graduates from unemployed and difficult families find jobs. The second is to do a good job in unemployment registration and employment assistance. The third is to do a good job in helping college graduates with employment difficulties and families with difficulties. Fourth, actively build a two-way communication platform between college graduates and employers.

2. Colleges and universities: facing the market and improving quality.

From the school's point of view, it is necessary to further adjust the professional settings and improve the quality of personnel training. It can be seen that generally speaking, engineering employment is better than science, and science employment is better than liberal arts. In the overall employment downturn, graduates from prestigious schools and prestigious schools are still in short supply. At the same time, the employment rate of some graduates from higher vocational colleges, technical schools and private colleges exceeds the employment rate of state-owned undergraduate courses, which is worth pondering. Take last year's talent exchange meeting in our city in spring and summer as an example. Among the more than 5,300 jobs provided, the demand for skilled talents accounts for more than one third, while among the more than 600 college graduates in our city/KLOC-0, such talents only account for 7%, mostly concentrated in computer, financial accounting, international trade and other majors. Secondly, collecting and publishing employment demand information should become an important task for colleges and universities. The full and timely release of employment information can effectively help students make reasonable choices. To do this, as long as you spend more time, it is not impossible. Each school can sort out the database of employers (or graduates who have applied for employment) recruited by the school in recent years, and then organize student volunteers to contact the human resources department of the employer to inquire about this year's recruitment intention, so as to get a more real employment situation and social needs. Combined with this information, colleges and universities can carry out targeted employment guidance, including designing employment plans for students and striving to broaden employment channels.

3, college students: accurate positioning, improve ability.

From the perspective of college students and graduate students themselves, self-orientation and good attitude are very important. The popularization of higher education makes the dream of ordinary workers to receive higher education come true. Conversely, more and more people who receive higher education have become an important part of the new social labor force. We have to accept the reality that college students become ordinary workers, or that college students become ordinary workers with relatively high quality. We can no longer cling to the attitude of "favored by heaven" in the past. Non-state-owned enterprises do not go, non-iron rice bowls are not jobs, and wages are not generous. Under the influence of these concepts, college students flock to cities and institutions after graduation, which leads to excessive competition in some regions and industries, resulting in a backlog of talents and a waste of human resources, which objectively increases the difficulty of college students' employment. One of the hottest topics on campus now is "Did you take the civil service exam?" At present, taking the civil service examination is the main means for undergraduates and graduate students to choose their jobs. From 2005 to 2008, the proportion of civil servants in Zhejiang Province was 19.46: 1, 47.46: 1, 58.24: 1 and 60.98: 1 respectively, which increased nearly three times in four years. In 2008, our city recruited 34 civil servants and registered 2942 people. This year, 39 civil servants and 2,827 candidates will be recruited, showing their popularity. Facts have proved that people who can treat themselves correctly can basically find their own jobs. Of course, people should have their own ideals and pursue jobs that are in line with their hobbies and interests. There is nothing wrong with high wages and good treatment. But now is not the era of lifelong distribution, there is no need to ask for one step. I am in favor of "employment first, then choosing a job." Secondly, we should prepare early and start work early. Reduce the psychological dependence and waiting, and take the initiative to attack with a positive attitude. Because there are indeed a few graduates who wait passively and complain about others, such psychology can not promote employment. Although the financial crisis will have a negative impact on the employment of graduates, the policy of vigorously stimulating domestic demand introduced by our government will certainly bring many new employment opportunities and jobs for graduates to choose from. At the same time, the demand gap between rural grass-roots posts and high-quality talents in the central and western regions still opens up new ways for employment. As long as graduates can know themselves correctly, it is not difficult to find a stage to display their talents. Third, we should practice our internal skills, learn skills and have real skills. It used to be said that "learning mathematics and physics well is not afraid to travel all over the world". I won't talk about it now, but in any case, solid knowledge accumulation is the foundation and the key. It goes without saying that some college students have a four-year "mixed diploma". A few years ago, a high degree really helped you find a good job, but not now. We must realize that China has turned from a degree-based society to a competency-based society, which will be an irreversible process.

Generally speaking, the confidence of the whole society needs to be enhanced. As Premier Wen said, confidence is more important than gold. The impact of the financial crisis on China is limited. With the concerted efforts and multi-pronged approach, I believe that the spring of college students' employment will not be too far away.