Social moral ability refers to the ability of moral subjects to distinguish right from wrong, good and evil, make correct moral judgments and moral choices and put them into action when facing social moral problems, that is, the ability to follow social values or principles to deal with social moral problems in social life. Social moral ability is a necessary ability for people, and it is also a necessary psychological feature for people to successfully complete social moral behavior. The basic elements of social moral ability include social moral cognition, moral emotion and moral will. Social moral cognition, moral emotion and moral will are interrelated, interdependent, interactive and complementary. Social moral ability is a very important part of human survival ability. The characteristic of cultivating social moral ability is to internalize external knowledge, including social moral knowledge and social moral concepts, into moral beliefs through the social moral cognition of the educated, and then transform internal moral beliefs into stable social moral judgment ability, moral will and moral behavior through social moral practice. The cultivation of social moral ability focuses on social moral knowledge, and at the same time attaches great importance to the influence and function of other scientific knowledge on social moral ability, and closely links social moral knowledge with other scientific knowledge for education, thus improving moral quality at a higher level. The cultivation of social moral ability should attach great importance to social moral practice, cultivate the ability to distinguish social moral problems, cultivate deep moral feelings, hone tenacious moral will and cultivate correct social moral behavior in social practice. The process of cultivating social moral ability is a lifelong education process, a spiral education and re-education process, and an educational process from quantitative change to qualitative change in the cycle of social cognition, social practice and self-reflection. China college students are future builders of China, important backbones and successors of various undertakings in China, and represent the future of the Chinese nation. Cultivating college students' social moral ability is not only the need for their all-round personal development, but also the need to improve the social moral level of the whole nation, the need for the country and the nation to meet new social moral challenges and the need to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The process of cultivating college students' effective social moral ability should be a process that requires students to think rationally and make their own judgments and decisions with their own wisdom. To improve college students' social moral ability, we must focus on cultivating their social moral thinking ability, social moral judgment and reasoning ability, social moral decision-making ability and social moral choice ability. , so that students can gradually form a correct moral thinking mode, and can use what is known to deal with the unknown and deal with specific social and moral problems in life. Under the current background, the cultivation of college students' social moral ability is facing important challenges brought by the development of science and technology and society. The first is the challenge of network culture, including the challenge of information dissemination mode change and the challenge of education mode change. Secondly, the challenge of market economy includes the conflict, confusion and adjustment of values in socialist market economy. Thirdly, it is the challenge of knowledge economy, including the influence of knowledge economy on educational subjects, educational objects, educational media (educational purposes, contents, methods and organizational forms) and educational environment (social organizations and social activities). The fourth is the challenge of opening to the outside world, including the challenge of complexity and diversity of moral culture, the challenge of change and alienation of moral culture, the challenge of vanity and agitation of moral culture, and the challenge of secularity and practicality of moral culture. Only by successfully coping with these challenges can college students' social moral cultivation achieve practical results.