The first is to formulate a standardized format for construction safety management summary and incorporate it into the completion acceptance conditions of construction projects.
The second is to establish and improve the construction safety management summary file, standardize and guide the daily construction safety management of the project manager.
The third is to establish an early warning and supervision system for the summary content of construction safety management to ensure the smooth development of the construction safety management system in the project construction. Fourth, implement the system of summary, publicity and evaluation of construction safety management, promote the application and popularization of good construction safety management experience, and earnestly absorb the problems and lessons existing in construction safety management.
Seven, through safety education, training and rules and regulations to regulate the behavior of team members, improve self-protection awareness, reduce and control the unsafe behavior of people and things, so that the life safety and property of construction personnel are guaranteed. 1 Supervisor's control of safety work
(I) The main content of supervision safety work The promulgation and implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Safety Production put forward new requirements for China's construction project supervision work and increased the content of fulfilling supervision safety responsibilities.
We should not only pay attention to the control of construction quality, progress and investment, but also manage the construction safety production accordingly, so as to promote the construction unit to pay attention to the construction organization design, the preparation of temporary electricity utilization scheme and special construction scheme, and the rectification and treatment of potential safety hazards, so that the construction unit can carry out construction in strict accordance with the national mandatory standards and improve the level of engineering construction. According to the regulations, supervision safety control focuses on three aspects: (1) reviewing relevant schemes and special safety technical measures; (2) Found hidden dangers of accidents should be handled in time or reported to relevant departments; (3) Implement national, industrial or local mandatory standards.
(II) Establishing a safety management system This regulation puts forward higher requirements for supervision work and supervision personnel. When formulating and compiling supervision plans and detailed rules, it is necessary to reflect the safety work content, establish safety handling mechanisms and responsibilities, strengthen safety technical measures, implement specific division of labor and clarify responsibilities, and incorporate safety management as an important content into daily supervision work. Pay attention to the unsafe behavior of people and the unsafe state of things. Supervisors will record the contents of safety inspection in detail after patrol or inspection, and deal with potential safety hazards in time to avoid industrial accidents. The contents of supervision safety management system mainly include: (1) safety technical measures review system; (2) special construction scheme review system; (3) Reporting system for major security risks; (4) Implement the supervision system of safety laws, regulations and standards. (3) Construction safety control measures and countermeasures
According to the characteristics of building construction, according to the unsafe behavior of people and the unsafe state of things, comprehensive analysis is carried out to find out the susceptibility and regularity of accidents. By classifying and comparing the reasons related to people and work, it can be found that the unsafe factors in the construction site mainly exist in aerial work, cross work, vertical transportation, the use of motor tools and basic engineering work. Therefore, there are many aspects of safety control in the construction site. In view of the parts, processes and links prone to accidents and common accidents, protective measures are taken to eliminate hidden dangers and unsafe factors in these parts, so as to reduce and prevent accidents.
1. Cause analysis and protection of accidents According to the analysis of accident types for many years, five aspects constitute the main danger points in the construction site, and corresponding protective measures must be formulated to truly implement the safety policy of "longitudinal to the end, horizontal to the side".
(1) The construction of falling buildings involves a wide range of aerial work, mainly including all kinds of operations with opening and limb nature, hanging and climbing operations, operation platforms and interchange operations, as well as all kinds of holes, piles, ditches and troughs on the site outside the main structure and beside the passage. Scaffolding, derrick (gantry), construction elevator, formwork installation and removal, various lifting operations, etc. Any work at a height of 2m above the datum level is called aerial work, and all operations should be protected according to the requirements of aerial work to prevent workers from falling from heights.
(2) Object Strike Due to the cross operation on the construction site, people flow frequently. In the case of poor organization, many objects will fall from above and hit the workers below or next to them. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in the safety prevention of vertical transportation and the protection of "three treasures and four ports" and borders.
(3) Electric shock accidents are mainly the leakage of equipment, machinery and tools. , wire aging skin, illegal use of electrical appliances, off-site lines did not take protective measures.
(4) Mechanical injuries mainly refer to the injuries to the operators caused by the lack of protection and safety devices during the use of woodworking machinery, steel processing machinery, electric welding machines, mixers, various gas cylinders and hand-held power tools used in the construction site.
(5) Collapse accident mainly refers to the collapse of earthwork caused by earthwork excavation or deep foundation construction; The formwork collapsed due to overload and insufficient stability during construction.
Eight, preventive measures and countermeasures to choose safety countermeasures
First of all, we should consider the engineering safety technical measures, and check the engineering technology layer by layer to ensure the safety and reliability of the technology; Use engineering technology to eliminate unsafe factors and realize the safety of production conditions such as production technology and mechanical equipment; Then there is education and training, which uses various forms of education and training to enable employees to establish the idea of "safety first" and master the knowledge and skills necessary for safe production. The main preventive measures and countermeasures on site are as follows.
(1) All temporary facilities for safety facilities and labor protection must be arranged on the construction site according to the general construction plan, and the material stacking and construction machinery and equipment shall be placed in the designated area, and the roads and safety protection facilities on site shall not be occupied. The installation and use of power lines and facilities on the construction site must conform to the installation specifications and safety operation procedures, and be erected according to the construction organization design. It is forbidden to connect wires at will. The construction site must be equipped with equipment to ensure construction safety.
The voltage required for night lighting, lighting in dangerous and humid places and hand-held lighting lamps must meet the safety requirements. In the construction of places where vehicles and pedestrians pass, ditches, wells, ridges and holes should be covered and warning signs should be set up. Construction machinery must go through safety inspection before entering the site, and can only be used if it is qualified. Construction machinery operators must establish a unit responsibility system, and hold relevant certificates according to relevant regulations, and unlicensed personnel are prohibited from operating.
(2) Control the safety facilities, processes and behaviors with hidden dangers before, during and after the event to ensure that unqualified facilities are not used, unqualified materials are not released, and unqualified processes fail. After assembly, inspection and acceptance shall be carried out. Do a good job of control before, during and after. In advance, it is mainly to formulate plans, safety technical measures and safety technical disclosure, and formulate management procedures; Mainly to inspect, supervise and manage the safety protection and illegal operation of various sub-projects and processes in the construction stage; Afterwards, it is mainly to check whether there is any unsafe state in the handover after the completion of the process, and to eliminate the hidden dangers of accidents in the bud. (3) On-site safety protection Administrative measures shall be taken against the five dangerous points on the construction site. It is necessary to increase safety investment, publicity, inspection and training, formulate targeted preventive measures and technical solutions, implement post safety responsibilities at all levels, conscientiously implement "three-level" safety education, conduct safety disclosure, strictly implement safety inspection systems and standards, clearly reward and punish, restrain people's illegal behaviors, and eliminate unsafe behaviors of people and things from the source. The construction site shall focus on the following protective work.
(1) temporary electricity safety; (2) protection of aerial work; (3) protection of internal and external shelves and openings; (4) Cross construction of working face and limb protection; (5) formwork support system, earthwork excavation and site stacking to prevent collapse; ⑥ Safe use of mechanical equipment; ⑦ Protect the "three treasures" and "four mouths". Nine, effective safety control methods
How to eliminate the unsafe behavior of people and the unsafe state of things is the key to prevent and control accidents. The effective methods to prevent industrial accidents are as follows.
(1) Establish and improve the safety production management system, reduce unsafe behaviors of people and unsafe conditions of things, improve people's awareness of safety protection through the system, strengthen the application of safety protection technology, ensure necessary safety facilities and measures, put an end to behaviors that only emphasize production and ignore safety, and punish violations through the system.
(2) Strengthening safety education can improve the safety operation skills and safety awareness of construction team members, which plays a very important role in preventing people's unsafe behaviors. Professional safety officers, construction team leaders and team leaders are the key to prevent accidents, and their work has an important impact on whether industrial accidents can be prevented well.
(3) Unified management of production and safety work, continuous review and improvement of technical schemes and safety protection technologies. Through the application of safety protection technology, not only the unsafe state of things can be eliminated, but also the unsafe behavior of people can be eliminated. Construction production enterprises should have sufficient safety investment to implement safety protection measures and include safety technology expenses.
Cost management.
(4) Use necessary safety protection devices and tools to protect aerial work, the edge of the hole, vertical transportation equipment, site construction electricity and construction tools.
(5) The necessary safety inspection and supervision mainly include the inspection of ideas, management system, machinery and equipment, safety education and training, operation behavior, labor protection articles, and handling of casualty accidents. The inspection focuses on illegal command and illegal operation.
(6) Establish necessary liability insurance, disperse and transfer corresponding risks, and reduce the loss of industrial accidents.
Safety production management can not rely on surprise safety production inspection, but must have daily targeted supervision and management systems and measures; You can't just shout slogans or nail the system to the wall as a decoration, but really implement it; Prevent insufficient safety investment and inadequate safety measures, especially the protective facilities for shift workers, including labor protection articles. , must improve the safety protection measures and labor protection articles protection system; To carry out safety education and training, instill due safety knowledge, adhere to job training and safety disclosure. It is not enough to do a good job in building safety production, and it is necessary to ensure that the basic work of safety is solid and reliable. It is the primary task of functional departments and safety workers at all levels to strengthen vocational training and education, and earnestly achieve "training before taking up posts, education before taking up posts". Strengthen the post responsibility system for safety production, carry out scientific and standardized management, and standardize people's behavior through education, training and rules and regulations; Strict laws and regulations, increase penalties, abide by labor discipline, and put an end to violations and luck. Take compulsory measures to truly implement some effective rules and regulations at the most basic level of the enterprise-the construction site and the team, strengthen the safety management of the team in a down-to-earth manner, grasp the implementation of measures, and strictly implement the construction safety operation procedures. Only in this way can we ensure the safety of team members in the production process, stimulate the labor enthusiasm of employees and a good construction environment, and ensure the safety of construction and production.
References:
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