First, the status of college students' psychological quality
College students all want to become talents, and psychological quality is an important aspect of talent growth. Generally speaking, psychological quality mainly refers to "people's literacy in cognition, emotion, will, personality, self-awareness, values and social communication and adaptability." It is the psychological result that individuals gradually internalize through conscious cultivation under the influence of the environment. "Some people think that all non-intellectual factors that determine and influence people's activities, except intellectual factors, can be attributed to psychological quality.
In the long history of human psychological development, people's psychological quality is gradually produced and improved with social progress and a lot of social practice. Compared with adults, college students are physical adults and psychological quasi-adults. Although college students lack social practice and psychological exercise, the psychological quality of young people can be gradually improved through education, training and practical exercise, which is the advantage of college students.
At present, the society requires college graduates to have a positive and optimistic attitude towards life, a hard-working spirit, the ability to actively adapt to the environment, the ability to consciously adjust their emotions, and good interpersonal skills. However, most college students in China are only children and seldom experience social practice. Judging from the psychological quality reflected in their psychological state, their situation is not optimistic. A survey on the psychological quality and health of college students in Beijing shows that "0/6% of college students in Beijing/KLOC-have moderate or above psychological problems; 28% of students have psychological problems such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety to varying degrees. " Recently, according to the investigation of relevant departments, "the number of people who dropped out of school due to mental illness accounted for about 30% of the total number of people who dropped out of school due to mental illness, and the number of people who dropped out of school due to mental illness accounted for about 49% of the total number of people who dropped out of school due to illness. A large amount of data shows that the number of students who drop out of school or drop out of school because of psychological problems is increasing year by year. "
The psychological quality of college students is also closely related to the lack of quality education. In our country, the country constantly advocates quality education, but the consciousness of exam-oriented education still occupies a dominant position in many schools and families. Under the pressure of exam-oriented education, coupled with the increasingly fierce employment competition and the negative impact of some mental crises brought by the increasingly materialistic society, some college students have experienced psychological discomfort and depression to varying degrees. Among the college students contacted by the author, some people do not match their EQ and IQ, and their adaptability to the learning environment is weak, and their psychological endurance to difficulties and setbacks is poor. Some people pay too much attention to themselves, lack tolerance for their classmates and are not good at dispelling bad emotions.
From the perspective of college students' employment. Due to the lack of necessary psychological quality training for employment and the negative influence of external environmental factors, many college graduates have different degrees of psychological problems, such as the contradiction between ideal and reality, cognitive obstacles to their career and psychological abnormalities (anxiety, inferiority, fear and conceit) caused by psychological obstacles. After they go to work, some psychological quality problems appear, such as the ability to adapt to the environment, the ability to coordinate interpersonal relationships, the ability to self-adjust, the ability to start work, and the weak competitiveness.
At present, judging from the weakness of college graduates' psychological quality in employment, their problems mainly focus on the blind pursuit of occupations with high social status and rich economic income, strong herd mentality in choosing a job, lack of independent thinking on their own life planning, lack of self-confidence in employment, and excessive dependence on others' help when choosing a company.
There is a process for college graduates to adapt to work, but if they don't solve the psychological quality problems in time now, their future career development will be greatly affected.
Second, college graduates should have good psychological qualities in many aspects.
Facing the severe employment situation, it is very important for college graduates to actively improve their psychological quality of employment. At present, college graduates should have good psychological quality mainly from the following aspects:
(1) Self-confidence, but not blind self-confidence.
Self-confidence is very important for the employment of college graduates. "Only when job seekers firmly believe that they can be competent for a certain job can they show a firm attitude and a leisurely attitude and win the appreciation and trust of employers. After fully understanding the requirements of the employer, as long as they meet the conditions, they must be full of confidence, believe that they are qualified for this job, and boldly accept the selection. "
At the job fairs organized by colleges and universities, the author once asked some college graduates what they think about the phenomenon that there are fewer positions in recruiting units and more competitors. Many college students told me frankly: "We are very confident, not once, but next time."
It is good for college graduates to have confidence in employment, but some people inadvertently turn their confidence into blind confidence (or conceit). Blind self-confidence is a childish psychological reflection and an immature psychological expression, which will bring setbacks and troubles to college graduates' employment. For example, some college graduates often show "pride, arrogance and impetuousness" in job hunting because of their excellent academic performance, good political conditions and hard school brands. In fact, employers often dislike people who are eager for quick success and overestimate themselves. In the end, these people will be frustrated in choosing a job because they underestimate their disadvantages.
Self-confidence and blind self-confidence belong to different psychological states respectively. The former reflects good psychological quality, while the latter reflects defects in psychological quality. College graduates should fully demonstrate their self-confidence, but they should also pay attention to overcoming the psychological tendency of blindness and arrogance. This is very important in employment.
(2) Strong psychological endurance.
The self-confidence of college graduates should include psychological endurance. For example, at a large-scale job fair held in Zhengzhou in early February 2008, some companies clearly stated in their recruitment conditions that "candidates need to be able to work under great pressure". The staff of a chemical company in Zhengzhou also told the reporters present: "We hope to recruit students with high psychological quality, especially those with' strawberry family' (strawberry family refers to people who are glamorous in appearance but can't bear setbacks in their hearts). The current employment pressure is also a test of students' psychological quality. "
I know a college student who came back from studying in Japan. When this "returnee" went to a well-known foreign-funded enterprise for an interview, the company was not eager to see him at first. The college student once lost his psychological endurance in anxious waiting. I told him on the phone that the most important thing for a person to achieve the unity of ideal and reality is to maintain self-confidence. Don't be impatient, don't feel inferior, have psychological endurance and face the "test" of the company's psychological quality. A person with "determination" will eventually be appreciated by the company. Later, after the interview and probation period, the company completely trusted him and arranged him to take an important position in the company's quality management.
(3) Self-psychological adjustment and emotional control?
Self-psychological adjustment and emotional control are concrete manifestations of good psychological quality. The main purpose and function of psychological adjustment is to let oneself have a good state of mind and a normal mood. Human psychology is the reflection of objective reality in the human brain. From an objective point of view, emotions are naturally formed to a great extent due to the influence of objective reality on people's psychology. However, humans are active. Facing the negative emotions imposed on us by objective reality, we can "overcome another emotion with one emotion, or control it by combining cognition, action and emotion."
Nowadays, many enterprises hope that college graduates have strong adaptability, strong communication and coordination skills, strong sense of responsibility and good team spirit. In my opinion, it is very important for college graduates to meet these requirements of enterprises, show affinity in enterprise teams, show cooperation spirit, adaptability and good interpersonal communication skills in their work, and first achieve self-psychological adjustment and emotional control.
I met a graduate student at a job fair organized by the Career Guidance Center of Sichuan University. The graduate student who graduated from Sichuan University said that she has participated in many job fairs organized by the school and is currently applying for a well-known catering company. At first, I was puzzled that a graduate student majoring in international trade was willing to apply for a job in a catering company, but her frank eyes and sincere smile made me quickly turn to appreciate this student. I understand that it was her actions that made me really see the good psychological quality of today's college graduates.
(4), have good thinking ability, good at empathy.
Good thinking ability is the concrete embodiment of good psychological quality. At present, because some college students lack the necessary thinking science education, many college students don't know much about dialectical thinking, divergent thinking, reverse thinking, golden mean thinking and transposition thinking. On the issue of employment, it is very important for college graduates to think dialectically and empathize with social phenomena. College students are constantly striving for self-improvement and have ideal ambitions for future life. However, facing the severe employment situation, college graduates should think rationally. For job hunting, they should at least learn to think more about the employer, that is to say, they should look at the strict requirements of the employer from the perspective of empathy. At present, most small and medium-sized enterprises are not short of theoretical staff, but lack of human capital that can bring huge profits to enterprises. On the issue of transforming the talent resources of college graduates into talent capital, the author once wrote: "College graduates should ask themselves more questions when applying for a job: am I an ordinary talent or a high-quality talent? Where is my value? Can you realize the use value of the employer and become the talent capital of the unit? ..... College graduates should constantly improve their professional realm when cooperating with the education of the government and colleges and universities, and strive to shape themselves into modern high-quality talents with good knowledge, spirit of the times and dedication, so as to maintain their initiative in the employment process. "
For college graduates, it is undoubtedly very important to have a good psychological quality of employment. However, it is impossible for college graduates to have good psychological quality in a short time, which requires them to go through a lot of practical exercise, toughness training and pay a lot of energy and sweat.
Third, some suggestions to improve the psychological quality of college graduates' employment.
The global economic crisis has led to difficulties in the operation of some domestic enterprises, and the number of jobs has been greatly reduced. Therefore, college graduates should improve their psychological quality, establish a correct concept of employment, inherit and carry forward the spirit of hard struggle of the Chinese nation, actively adapt to the environment, be good at adjusting their emotions, overcome difficulties with perseverance, and tide over the difficulties with the country and people.
At present, we should help college graduates improve their psychological quality in employment from the following aspects:
(A), improve the ideological realm of employment, establish a correct concept of employment.
In recent years, there are some similar problems in the employment of college graduates at home and abroad. For example: "With the development of economy, the younger generation in Japan, like Americans, either choose high-paying financial or pharmaceutical industries or engage in the art industry, and young people's' gradually westernized career outlook'. ... I don't want to work hard in the manufacturing field like my parents. They don't like high-intensity labor and research. ... Japan began to introduce more foreign engineers because it was worried that the lack of technical talents would lead to a decline in national competitiveness. " [7] In China, due to the increasing social competition, the relevant parties have not paid enough attention to the ideological guidance of college graduates' employment. Some college graduates have low ideological level and broad vision on employment issues, and they are eager for "easy, powerful, dignified and profitable" jobs, but don't care much about other aspects of work. Society, schools and families should jointly deal with these deviations of college students' employment psychology and strengthen education.
As far as the government is concerned, the relevant departments should take the strategic idea of "strengthening the country with talents, strengthening the province with talents and strengthening the city with talents" to guide college graduates to deeply understand the national conditions, strengthen the education on outlook on life, employment and the spirit of hard struggle, help them change their employment concept as soon as possible, improve their ideological realm of employment, formulate practical work goals, and actively choose places and industries that the country needs most and can give full play to their own abilities.
From the perspective of colleges and students' families, colleges and universities should teach college graduates to know themselves correctly and encourage them to start from the most basic and basic work. Parents of students should also cooperate with the school, warn their children not to have unrealistic ideas about employment, support and encourage their children to start with the most specific and subtle work, and persist in gradually realizing their life ideals in grassroots jobs.
(B) to help college graduates look at society objectively and accurately.
A very important problem for college graduates to keep their initiative in employment is to broaden their horizons, look at society objectively and find their own position. In the past, there was an incorrect saying in society: college graduates must rely on their relationships or backgrounds to find good jobs. In fact, from what I often see in college, many college graduates from rural areas who have no "relationship" and "background" have good psychological quality and can bear hardships. For enterprises, it is precisely because enterprises see the "advantages" of these college graduates' psychological quality that they open the door to them. For example, the college student who came back from studying in Japan mentioned earlier went back to China to find a job because his father, who was a middle school teacher, died and had no financial resources to continue his studies. A graduate student from Sichuan University applied for a job in a catering company. She also comes from a teacher's family in a small county. After volunteering for a catering company, she quickly got an admission notice from a bank. From these two college students, we can see a new employment trend in society, that is, being poor and rich, having "connections" and "nothing" are not the only reasons why college graduates find good jobs. There is only one important reason, that is, their comprehensive quality and psychological quality really meet the needs of society and enterprises.
On the issue of how to choose a job, Zhang Chengming, director of the Labor and Social Security Department of Sichuan Province, put forward a point in an "online discussion" held by the relevant departments in Sichuan Province: "College students should not just be' white-collar workers, backbones and elites', they can do it with income, aim at the market and go where they need it."
"White-collar workers, backbones and elites" have always been the ideal employment goals for college graduates. "Don't just want to be' white'" is quite right. From this perspective, to help college graduates improve their social adaptability, we should also remind them to look at society objectively and look at themselves accurately.
(C) to strengthen the comprehensive quality education of college students
Good comprehensive quality is the basis for college graduates to form good psychological quality. Comprehensive quality mainly includes professional quality, psychological quality, moral quality, physical quality, cultural quality and having various skills. Now some college graduates not only study hard at school, but also consciously learn and master some very important skills. Because of the clear direction of career planning, excellent professional knowledge, oral foreign language ability, written expression ability and computer operation ability, many of these people have obviously gained more advantages than others and become the targets of recruitment by employers. However, some college graduates, due to their narrow knowledge, single skills and lack of training in career planning, submitted a lot of resumes at job fairs, but received little response. These college graduates suffered serious setbacks, and some of them soon developed inferiority complex.
There are many ways to help college students improve their comprehensive quality. In addition to continuing to encourage them to learn professional knowledge and master various skills, it is also a very important aspect to strengthen their comprehensive quality education in employment.
Colleges and universities should pay attention to the following points in carrying out comprehensive quality education for college students: First, reform the structure of education mode and incorporate employment guidance courses into university teaching plans. In order to improve the comprehensive ability of college students, colleges and universities should offer employment guidance courses from the lower grades, instill correct employment awareness into students as soon as possible, and cultivate students' relevant abilities in a planned way. In senior year, schools should pay attention to improving students' career maturity and comprehensively improve their employability. Second, implement career planning for college students to change their psychological misunderstandings. Career planning requires college students to have a clear understanding of their personality characteristics, interests, development potential, social reality and development trend through self-reflection, social comparison and psychological evaluation. In a successful career planning, many college students can make a practical employment implementation plan by analyzing and summarizing the factors that affect their career. Third, strengthen character education and improve interpersonal skills. Personality quality is an important aspect of comprehensive quality. Dr. Li Jiang from Microsoft Asia Research Institute once pointed out that Microsoft values personality most when recruiting talents. He said: "Microsoft puts personality at the top of the four qualities: computer ability, research ability, IQ and personality. In the selection of talents, the' character one-vote veto system' is implemented. " In the eyes of Microsoft, "teamwork spirit, communication ability, integrity and correct motivation are all manifestations of good character". ?
Comprehensive quality is often expressed through some small things. To put it another way, only by "seeing the big from the small" can we see a person's comprehensive quality more clearly and deeply.
(D) create an environment for college graduates to exchange ideas and promote their maturity as soon as possible.
As mentioned above, college students are quasi-adults psychologically. For quasi-adults, it is unrealistic for us to ask them to be completely mature psychologically, and it also violates the law of college students' psychological maturity. In college, some students told me that university teachers have greater prestige and trust in them than their parents. They would rather listen to the teacher for hours at school than listen to their parents patiently at home. Through heart-to-heart talks with these college students, the author gradually realized that they have a deep desire to communicate with members outside their families.
College students have their own psychological growth rules. They trust their parents first, then their teachers, and then they begin to think about deep-seated social problems. It is a complete process of college students' psychological growth and socialization from believing to questioning, then believing and questioning until they are mature.
When college students are about to enter the society and go to the workplace, their psychology is also in a beautiful season of gradual maturity. During this period, parents and university teachers as college students should strengthen all-round contact with them, actively teach them experience, and strive to spread more and better knowledge and healthy emotional seeds for their employment and future growth.
Generally speaking, for the development and growth of college students and college graduates' psychological quality, society, colleges and parents have the responsibility to join hands and care for and help them from all aspects. When they encounter psychological confusion, take the initiative to create an environment and conditions for their ideological exchange, take the initiative to answer their questions and offer suggestions, and help them mature as soon as possible with the same strength.
To sum it up. Employment is a major turning point for college graduates, and psychological quality is one of the keys to their successful employment. Under the multiple pressures of continuous enrollment expansion, graduate employment system reform and global economic crisis in recent years, some college graduates have appeared various psychological misunderstandings and obstacles in the face of severe employment situation. How to help college graduates get rid of these psychological obstacles in time and improve their psychological quality is the responsibility and obligation of society, universities and parents of college graduates. Based on the practical experience accumulated in colleges and universities, the author analyzes and thinks about how to improve the psychological quality of college graduates in employment, and also puts forward some suggestions, hoping that these thoughts and suggestions can help colleagues in the education field in the future.