The problem (information) breaks through the original circle, exerts imagination, and explores and reorganizes the current memory information from a new angle, so as to solve the problem satisfactorily. Thinking about a problem spreads outward in the same direction and angle, seeking an answer.
Essence: light source radiates light in all directions, kettle-like thinking mode.
2. Divergence angle
(1) function divergence
[Case 1] The Use of Red Bricks
Building materials: building houses (including Gai Lou, hotels, classrooms, warehouses, pigsty, toilets, etc. ), paving roads, repairing chimneys, etc.
Brick weight: paper, pickles, weapons, weights, dumbbells, etc.
Brick shaping: ruler, mino dominoes, foot pads, etc.
Brick color: cement pen, painting, grinding into red powder as a sign, grinding and mixing with cement as a pigment, etc.
Brick hardness: stool, hammer, bookshelf, sharpening, etc.
Performance of red brick (water absorption)
Carve a red flower as a souvenir, make bricks by hand and turn footprints into handicrafts as a souvenir.
[Case 2] The use of paper clips
Xu Tai's information field map is presented in a two-dimensional table. X axis refers to imaginary paper clips, such as hook, hanging, linking, drawing, chemical reaction, calculation, writing, etc. Y-axis is used to represent paper clip elements, including material, weight, volume, degree, cross section, toughness, elasticity, hardness, straight edge, arc edge and other information fields where two axes intersect. Multiply the information to see its use. English, Latin and Russian letters are translated into various languages; Paper clips react with various acids and their chemicals to make various things;
[Case 3] Clear function
Cleaning equipment: wiping fonts, weeding, pulling soil by car, etc.
Household appliances: vacuum cleaner absorbs dust, dishwasher washes dishes, razor blades, washing machine washes clothes to remove oil stains;
Cleaning agent: remove glass, cars, boilers and thermos bottles;
Service industry: cleaners remove rubbish, gardeners remove weeds;
Unexpected events: poisoning fish, nuclear leakage leads to relocation;
Since the event: autumn drives away the hot summer,
Non-bank: stealing drugs;
Society: driving away hatred; Forgive and drive away jealousy.
[Case 4] Use of Pencil
1983 Prorov, an American research doctor, wrote his graduation thesis and found that St. Beinert's College, a poor school in Osman district of new york, had a low criminal record.
Prorov conducted a survey in nearly six schools and asked questions: St. Beinert College received 3756 letters, of which 74% replied that the school knew that a pencil was of little use and was included in the title of the first composition.
At first, everyone knew the purpose of the pencil-everyone knew that the pencil could only be used for writing; If necessary, you can draw lines instead of rulers; Can be used as a gift to send friends to see; Can profit from the sale of goods; Pencil lead grinding powder is used as lubricating powder; Performing makeup; Cutting sawdust for decorative painting; Saw some pencils in equal proportion to make a chess set; Make a toy wheel; When the field is short of water, the pencil can be used as a straw to drink crevice water; In case of damage, sharpened pencils can be used as self-defense weapons, etc. Benat school made some poor children understand that eyes, nose, ears, brain, hands and feet have more uses, and any use is enough for me to work.
[Case 5] Expansion of refrigerator use
The future refrigerator market will be monopolized by the United States. Almost every family has highly mature products, and the competition is fierce. Low profit margin. American manufacturers are obviously helpless. However, they suddenly invented the mini refrigerator. It is found that in addition to office use, camping cars and recreational vehicles are installed, and the whole family goes out to travel. The comfortable conditions are all equipped with micro-refrigerators.
There is no difference in the working principle between mini refrigerator and home refrigerator. The product is in the same environment as this refrigerator. The use direction of this refrigerator has changed from home to office, car and travel. Change the use environment of products, guide potential consumer demand to create demand and develop new markets.
(2) Material diffusion
The history of clothing and mirror making
(3) Structure diffusion
(4) Diffusion
[Case 1] The quality bottle of MSG produced by our factory has four holes in the inner cover. Customers need to throw several toilets when using them. Before sales hovered, all the staff tried their best to increase the sales of housewives. The factory adopted the suggestion that blowing force would increase sales. Nearly four housewives suggested that the drilling of the inner cover of monosodium glutamate bottle used nearly 25% of the impression of throwing two, three, four and five holes, because the taste of ordinary customers is more exquisite.
[Case 2] Call Freddy Mei Qing to apply for a job, and 20 job seekers have ranked No.21in the front, so that the board of directors can pay special attention to winning the only position. Freddie finally came up with an idea to write a few lines on a piece of paper, and please show it to the board of directors before leaving. He laughed and patted his shoulder. Please think about it and write it down on a piece of paper: First, I rank second1,please don't make a decision until you see me.
[Case 3] Color electric fan
Before 1952, Toshiba Electric Company had a backlog of electric fans and sold 70,000 employees to sell products. They try to do less. According to the schedule, the staff suggested that all electric fans in the world should be black. As an exception, employees suggested that the electric fans produced by Toshiba should be black. The suggestion of changing the color from black to black caught the attention of director Ishisaka and was adopted by the research company. The following summer, the light blue electric fan pushed by Toshiba was welcomed by customers, and the market set off a wave of buying. Within a few months, thousands of books were sold and all electric fans entered the market.
(5) There are no mice in the world.
3. Characteristics
(1) fluency divergent thinking quantity index
Refers to the smooth and unimpeded thinking process, and the internal energy can be comparable to the thinking knot in a short time.
(2) flexible (spiritual) divergent thinking quality index
Refers to divergent thinking, which can quickly change, draw inferences from others, put forward extraordinary new ideas and solve the problem of overproduction.
Guildford's non-use test listed the use of red bricks in eight minutes.
Some people say that the use of red bricks is limited to the scope of building materials, and there is no flexibility in building houses, warehouses, classrooms, chimneys, sidewalks and stoves.
In addition, it is said that non-users of red bricks have higher innovation ability than beating dogs, pressing paper, supporting bookshelves, nailing nails and grinding red powder.
(3) the essence of primitive divergent thinking
Uniqueness embodies the novelty, uniqueness and rarity of divergent thinking, and the soul of divergent thinking also represents that the essence of divergent thinking belongs to the unique thinking of high-rise red bricks, such as rulers, brushes and traffic signs.
A couple's wife is mute after seeing a doctor. It can be said that the wife is too noisy and the husband is in pain. Doctors have to become deaf before families can get back together. Guildford realized that the topic would be more unique, which could reveal the connotation of the story and explain the unique thinking.
Mao Mu, a famous British writer, said that the sales were smooth during the period. The newspaper published personals: The Guangshuai family hoped to get a million dollars, and Mao Mu said that Mao Mu's unique move made it snap up in a short time.
Mao Mu's sales promotion theory uses the uniqueness of thinking to achieve the expected effect. The so-called uniqueness of thinking refers to transcending the fixed and habitual cognitive way, understanding things from a new angle, and transcending the search for new ideas.
Innovative training: Please dump the full broken glass and take all the water away.
Tip:
Unique thinking: put thirsty things in a cup and let the water dry.
Unique thinking II. Replace it with a glass of water filled with water vapor balls.
Flexibility, uniqueness and fluency are interrelated. Only fluency can be flexible. If we regard them as fluency, we can create a concept of transcending uniqueness.
3. Divergent thinking function
(1) nuclear action
Imaginary brain innovation source association makes sources converge and divergent thinking sources flow, which provides a broad channel for divergent thinking and creative thinking.
(2) Basic functions
Creative thinking skills are closely related to divergent thinking.
(3) Support function
The main function of divergent thinking is to provide as many solutions as possible with convergent thinking. It can be accurate in some cases, and a sufficient number of values must be guaranteed.
4. Divergent thinking form
(1) lateral thinking
Compared with vertical thinking, the form of thinking, vertical thinking is convergent according to logical reasoning, and horizontal thinking is frustrated. Looking for answers to questions horizontally is like a cross-dimensional spatial dimension, and horizontal thinking and vertical thinking represent the complementarity of dimensions. Debono, an Englishman, founded the concept of lateral thinking, focusing on the shortcomings of vertical thinking and complementary thinking.
Several formulas of lateral thinking: (1) move into its field laterally, and (2) move into its field laterally, and move into its field laterally. Pasteur, a bacteriologist, found that all bacteria were responsible for the sourness of wine and the deterioration of broth. After treatment, bacteria are eliminated or isolated to prevent wine and broth from deteriorating. Liszt Pasteur's theory was applied to the medical field, and surgical disinfection was easily invented, saving millions of lives. Replication technology, etc. (3) Horizontal transformation directly solves the problem and transforms its problems. Cao Chong said that image weighing was converted into measuring the depth of the ship entering the water.
[Case 1] Kodak Company produces film 1963, and there is no hurry to sell the film. All kinds of cameras are very popular. Kodak company announced that all manufacturers in the world are copying Kodak film produced by cameras, which has opened up a broad sales market.
[Case 2] Brandt wine sells well in Europe, but it is difficult to sell in the United States. Sales occupy a huge American market. Brandt spent tens of thousands of dollars to investigate Americans' drinking habits and formulate various marketing strategies. The promotion method is monotonous and the effect is not great.
Collins, a marketing expert, suggested to the general manager of Brandon Company that American President Eisenhower should present Brandon wine on his 67th birthday, so as to expand the influence of Brandon wine and enter the American market.
The general manager of Prynne Company adopted this suggestion. The company first presented a gift to the Secretary of State, which read: Dear Minister Ge Min, President Eisenhower paid tribute to President Eisenhower at the age of 67, and asked the President's Cabinet to accept my message. Two American newspapers have published the news of delivering wine to the President of the United States, and millions of hot topics are waiting for the President to see the elegance of Blaine 1957 14 President Eisenhower used two special planes. Barrels of white wine were shipped to Washington, DC. Soldiers dressed in Royal Guards are dignified and elegant. Two barrels of white wine were carefully decorated by artists, and the strong men walked across the spacious Washington Avenue. Thousands of American citizens stood on both sides of the street to watch the grand occasion and went straight to the front lawn of the White House. In the afternoon, 14 handsome young people dressed in white palace guards drove into the White House Square in a century elegant carriage. The barrel is carefully designed by the artist, and the wine quality is antique. The audience boiled, sang Marseillaise, and thunder roared.
Buying liquor set off a family dinner, and there were fewer family tables. Liquor entered the American market, and the income of white companies increased. The general manager of White Company once again marveled: Ben Wan Li is profitable.
(2) Reverse thinking
Looking for solutions to problems in the face, thinking in the opposite direction is called reverse thinking, which is called reverse thinking practice and work. I can solve problems face to face and fall into the trap of thinking. I can think differently and do the opposite. I thought in the opposite direction and found the original.
[Case 1] In the objective world, many things can generate B, B, A, A, and electricity. According to the Italian scientist Volt 1800, voltaic cells can generate electricity by reverse electricity. Electrolysis British scientist David 1807 discovered seven elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium and boron.
It is said that bass causes the corresponding vibration of the metal plate, and the vibration of the metal plate causes the change of sound level. Didian improved his invention and made the world's first phonograph.
Why do you want to think backwards?
(1) Reverse thinking on the dependency of things: the child fell into the water and was rescued from the water; Sima guang saved the broken jar and made the water out of reverse thinking; People like to say that they are self-accurate, but watch manufacturers say that watches are accurate enough; Every 1 sec, the error is not lost; Customers defected and bought enthusiastically.
(2) Reverse thinking about the development process of things: take the stairs, take the elevator, design the screws, and tighten them in the opposite direction.
(3) The reverse thinking about the position of things shows that I am Goethe and face the enemy head-on.
(4) think about things backwards.
[Case 2] Invention of ballpoint pen
Ballpoint pen Hungarian Barrow 1938 invents the shortcoming of direct oil leakage, and the progress in finding wear-resistant pen bead materials 1950 The inventor Tanten Saburo uses reverse thinking to solve the problem quickly. General research shows that the ballpoint pen can write about 15 thousand words after writing 20 thousand words to solve the oil leakage problem.
[Case 3] Transistor Revolution
The invention of transistor once caused a world electrical revolution, and its reverse thinking played a role. In the 1950s, the whole world was studying the raw material germanium for making transistors, and the key problem was the mistaken extraction. Our expert Jiang Qi and his assistant explored the operation of the tube and always avoided mixing some impurities. Every measurement of its parameters shows the same data. I think: adding a little impurity in the opposite operation reduces the purity of germanium through experiments.
A young painter asked the painter Menser, "I have enough space to sell a painting, but I need a Menser." Just try it.
Closing the cage of listless things in traditional gardens makes tourists want to close the cage (car) and appreciate their appearance more truly? Yu Ye Botanical Garden came into being.
Reverse thinking training:
(1) Christians pray for smoking and ask the priest to pray for smoking, and the priest answers. Other Christians want to smoke and demand change. Does the priest know?
Ask the priest: smoke and pray. The priest replied: praying with cigarettes seems to show Jesus respect; Smoking requires prayer, which means relaxing and thinking about God's grace. Father has no objection.
It is said that the Russian writer Tolstoy designed a Taoist book title: the former farmer died, leaving some cows' suicide notes, which read: half of all the cows of his wife; Half of the remaining cows and half of the wife; Half the remaining cattle and half; The remaining half plus half means that all the cows have not been killed and there is nothing left. Ask farmers to keep fewer cows.
Thinking about solving road problems first assumes some situations (such as assuming ***20 cows ***30) and then verifies them one by one, which saves some tedious things, consumes a lot of energy and is also stupid.
I want to solve Tao's problem in reverse:
Half of the cow is left 1 not killed, nothing is left: 1.
: Cow and half cow 2 times: 2
: Cow and half cow 2 times: 4
Wife: Cow Wife and Half Wife Cow 2 times: 8
4 Number of cattle added: 1+2+4+8= 15 See cattle farmers 15.
5. Divergent thinking training
Training points:
(1) With divergent thinking, imagination, thinking relationship, divergent thinking, imagination, secret thinking, divergent thinking, I will try to get rid of the shackles of logical thinking and bear the reasonable and practical value of imagination.
(2) Pay attention to fluency and flexibility. Uniqueness requires training to pursue uniqueness as much as possible. First, produce a unique thinking knot. Be anxious. Fluency, flexibility and uniqueness gradually enter a higher level of divergent thinking state.
(3) Pay attention to jumping the logical thinking circle.
(4) Teachers should master the training progress in class, and each question should be 2-3 minutes, so it is best to have some self-training in class.
Exercise 1: Word fluency
Please make a new word with 10 cross and three strokes.
Ten, ten, ten, ten, ten, ten, ten, ten, ten, ten, ten, ten.
Please add strokes from left to right to write as many words as possible (at least 3 of each type).
Exercise 2: Smooth thinking
Try to tell what this tie is for.
On the use of old toothpaste skin.
Dog, tiger, tiger
Bug book
Jing Chi Jing Chi
Exercise 3: umbrella storage problem:
1, easy to stab;
2, the umbrella frame can be reused;
3. Wet the passengers' clothes with an umbrella;
4, the umbrella rib is easy to break;
5, the umbrella cloth has air permeability;
6, the umbrella is convenient enough;
7, monotonous style, too few colors;
8. Both rain and shine umbrellas can be used;
9, umbrellas are easy to carry and collect; etc
Solution:
1, increase the variety of folding umbrellas;
2. The umbrella cloth is specially treated;
3. Install a water collector on the top of the umbrella to pour rainwater on the wet surface;
4. Add transparent umbrella, lighting umbrella, oval umbrella for lovers, detachable umbrella, etc.
In addition to shelter from wind and rain, the umbrella is still sunny. The convergence point of quasi-solar umbrella surface produces a 500-degree high-temperature solar umbrella, which is worthy of the name. The use of solar cookers has expanded.
Exercise 4: Divergence
(1) What do you want to do?
(2) If the traffic is not tense by bus every morning, what can we do to change this situation?
(3) What happened to the bell?
(4) What kind of enthusiasm should be used?
Exercise 5: Structural Diffusion
Make 2 shapes and 4 triangles with 8 matches (matches can be bent and broken).
Generally, it is easy to make triangles. The corner line starts from the corner line, which is opposite to the side of the triangle. The same side of a triangle should cross.
Exercise 6: Relationship disagreement
No mosquito hair.
Exercise 7: Material Diffusion
What material does Ben use to make clothes?
Exercise 8: 0 (Think of at least 30 kinds)
Head, ball, universe, circle, English letter O, symbol of oxygen, egg, buckle, bread, hoop, the Monkey King golden hoop spell, cup, marijuana, perfection and ending.
Exercise 9: Who is fatter?
Two friends travel abroad in the evening and talk about their weight in the hotel at night. Both of them think they are fatter than a thin ass. When they borrowed a weighing scale hotel table from the hotel, which can weigh 20 kilograms, only by weighing can they know what to do.
You need some props to solve the problem and know how to do it.