Thales' philosophy can be summarized in one sentence: "Everything is aquatic, and everything belongs to water". He thinks that the world is water. His motto is "Water is the best".

Heraclitus believes that the origin of all things is "fire" and everything in the world is made of fire. The formation process of the universe is "fire is angry, gas produces water, aquatic soil, and soil turns into fire." Fire produces chemistry, and everything returns to fire. " The world is an eternal living fire, which keeps burning and extinguishing according to certain laws.

Heraclitus' simple materialism is different from Humily School and Pythagoras School. Heraclitus was an ancient professional philosopher who was divorced from social and political activities. Although he comes from a well-known family and has no painful experience of political frustration, he is willing to live a indifferent life and devote himself to the study of philosophical problems. He wrote it in Nature, and now there are only some fragments left. His important paper on the world matrix inherited the simple materialism of Miletus school. He believes that "the world is an all-encompassing whole, which was not created by any god or person." It was, is and will always be a living fire, burning and extinguishing according to the law. " In his view, there is a universal law among all things in the world, which he calls "Rogers". Rogers is so easy to hide that most people turn a blind eye to it. But this will happen at any time. The measure of a person's wisdom is whether he can know Rogers. Learned people are not wise men or philosophers, because they are only knowledgeable and have mastered perceptual knowledge. A wise man acts and rules according to the truth. Know how to control everything. In this way, he put forward the propositions of universal law, perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge. There is also dialectical knowledge in Heraclitus' thought. His famous motto is that everything flows, everything changes, people cannot step into the same river twice, the sun is new every day, and so on. All changes have a certain scale or condition, which is caused by the conflict and struggle of opposites within things to a certain extent.