Since People's Republic of China (PRC) and China's national standard "Code for Valuation with Bill of Quantities of Construction Projects" (GB50500—2003) came into effect on July 1 2003, the bill of quantities has become the main way of project contracting. Compared with the traditional bidding method, the bidding method based on bill of quantities can effectively introduce the competition mechanism, weaken the function of pre-tender estimate, and enable contractors to compete in a fair and open environment according to their own advantages, and finally win the bid at a reasonable low price "not lower than the cost" in accordance with the provisions of the Bidding Law and related laws and regulations on the premise of ensuring the quality and time limit.
The transformation from the traditional bidding mode of construction project to the pricing mode of bill of quantities is not only a change of bidding mode, but also a lot of problems worthy of attention, discussion and solution in the operation of bill of quantities bidding, because the implementation of bill of quantities bidding is still in the trial process.
Only in this way, bidding based on bill of quantities can better adapt to the participation of all parties in project bidding, effectively promote the in-depth development of bidding based on bill of quantities, and pave the way for the comprehensive promotion of bidding based on bill of quantities.
1, standardize and improve the format of bill of quantities.
At present, the bill of quantities in our province is generally provided by the owner or the bidding agency entrusted by the owner in the bidding documents. It is generally stipulated that the contractor cannot modify the bill of quantities, and the bill of quantities is only used as the basis for the contractor to calculate the quotation. Especially when unit price contract is adopted as the pricing method, it is strictly stipulated that the total price shall be calculated according to the itemized quantities and engineering characteristics given in the bill of quantities. However, due to the different preparation units of the tender documents, their proficiency and understanding of the preparation of the bill of quantities are different, the description of the characteristics of the bill of quantities is also uneven, and the format of the bill of quantities is not the same. These unclear or unclear places in the tender documents or bill of quantities are easy to cause misunderstanding to bidders, which makes it difficult for bidders to grasp the tender offer and leave disputes for future project settlement and price adjustment.
2. Correctly define the reasonable lowest quotation.
Bidding based on bill of quantities not only conforms to international practice, but also conforms to the provisions of China's Bidding Law and other relevant laws and regulations. It is simple and easy to operate, leaving a large operating space for both the tenderee and the bidder, shortening the time for bidders to make tenders, reducing the bidding cost, helping to improve the efficiency of bid evaluation, overcoming the negative impact caused by system errors, being accurate, reasonable and fair, and facilitating practical operation. It has incomparable advantages over other methods. However, it is worth noting that the bid price cannot be lower than the bid cost. The expenses here refer to the bidder's individual expenses, which are clearly stipulated in the Measures for Bid Evaluation and Calibration of Housing Construction and Municipal Infrastructure Construction in Guangdong Province (Trial). However, in the actual operation process, due to the uncertainty of the bidder's cost, the individual costs vary greatly. The Bid Evaluation Committee carefully analyzes whether each item is lower than the cost, to see whether the composition of unit price and total price is reasonable, whether there are omissions, whether the cost calculation is correct, whether the project quality can be guaranteed, whether unbalanced quotation is adopted, and whether new technologies, new materials and new methods are adopted. This kind of operation is difficult to master in practical work and controversial. Whether the local minimum cost control line can be formulated by the local construction project bidding department in conjunction with the cost management department as the control index of various projects needs to be studied and discussed by the relevant departments.
3. Scientifically determine the bid evaluation base and reasonable benchmark price.
Under normal circumstances, the owners generally pay more attention to the total project cost, and are sensitive to the evaluation criteria of tender offer in the bid evaluation, which accounts for a higher score in the bid evaluation. In addition to the technical tender, the total price of the economic tender accounts for more than 30%, so it is of great significance for both the owner and the bidder to determine a fair and reasonable bid evaluation price or bid evaluation benchmark and scale.
At present, in the bid evaluation, the method of determining the bid evaluation price or bid evaluation base is usually adopted when adopting the reasonable low price method for economic evaluation:
One is to remove a highest quotation, then a lowest quotation, and the average value of the other quotations is B value, and one of the highest and lowest values of the judges' hit coefficient is removed. The average value of other coefficients is a value, the average value of a value plus b value is the evaluation base, and the highest score is given to the lower limit of similar or effective interval, otherwise it is given to the lowest score. On the contrary, an excellent enterprise may not get high marks or even be eliminated.
Second, the lowest tender offer is used as the bid evaluation price, and the lowest tender offer has the highest score, even the quotation score exceeds other bidders. Even if the technical bid score is low, and even the time limit and quality are not guaranteed, it is possible to win the bid.
Therefore, what kind of bid evaluation base is of practical significance, and the fair and reasonable bid evaluation price or bid evaluation base remains to be studied and discussed.
4. Study the applicable model text of the construction contract.
After bidding with bill of quantities valuation, enterprises will no longer take the national unified quota and the comprehensive quota of this province as the only basis for project valuation, but calculate the total price according to the actual situation and information of bidders and the unit price, and the connotation of project contract price adjustment will change.
First of all, there is no uniform corresponding price standard for the unit price or total price in the quotation sheet. If there is no valuation basis recognized by all parties, how to determine the claim price? Can the unified national basic quota and the comprehensive quota of this province be used as reference standards?
Secondly, if the market price fluctuation of various production factors exceeds the affordability of enterprises, how to adjust the contract price, if these problems are not solved well, it will directly affect the construction period and quality. Whether a reasonable fluctuation limit can be determined and how to set it need to be carefully studied. The adjustment of the contract price of construction projects in the whole province should have unified principles and conditions.
At present, the text of the general contracting contract in our province was compiled by the Ministry of Construction in conjunction with the State Administration for Industry and Commerce before the implementation of the bill of quantities valuation, which is more suitable for the quota valuation model, but there are many shortcomings in the bill of quantities valuation model, which needs to be improved again. In the execution of the contract, the owner's bill of quantities and the contractor's quotation are used as the basis for measurement and payment. In the process of performing their responsibilities and obligations, both parties can negotiate amicably and properly handle changes and claims, which is the guarantee for better performance of the contract. We should not only safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of both parties, but also implement the bidding results.
However, the following three aspects should be highly valued by the competent authorities.
First of all, a good standard text of construction contract is an important guarantee for both parties and interested parties to manage the project well and clarify the responsibilities, obligations and rights of all parties.
Secondly, it is necessary to improve the payment method of project funds, cancel the project advance payment system, implement the performance bond system and standardize the payment method of project progress payment. The implementation of the bidding method of bill of quantities will inevitably lead to low-price competition, and the problem of price competition below cost is also difficult to avoid, which will directly lead to "malicious low-price bidding"
Thirdly, it is necessary to establish an engineering insurance system as soon as possible and vigorously promote it in combination with construction contract management. Engineering insurance includes the owner's engineering insurance to avoid the market risk of project investment; It also includes the contractor's engineering insurance to avoid the risk of project construction. In addition, it is necessary to establish a dispute settlement mechanism for construction contracts and study and formulate a model text of construction contracts suitable for our province.
5. Summary
After all, the bidding of bill of quantities valuation mode is a new thing for owners, contractors, intermediaries or management departments, and it needs a process of learning, discussing and adapting. Only by continuous study, discussion and adaptation can we give full play to the positive role of bidding in the valuation mode of bill of quantities.
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