China has an existing building area of about 40 billion square meters. By 2020, the country needs to add about 30 billion square meters of construction area. If these buildings achieve 50% energy saving on the existing basis, they can save about 65438+600 million tons of standard coal every year. Buildings in China not only consume high energy, but also have low energy efficiency. The energy consumption per unit building is 2-3 times higher than that in countries with the same climate.
So, what is building energy efficiency? What are the policy measures? How to strengthen building energy saving? This problem should be known to readers when they interpret relevant contents.
1
What is building energy efficiency?
Building energy efficiency refers to the implementation of energy-saving standards, the use of energy-saving technologies, processes, equipment, materials and products in the planning, design, new construction (renovation and expansion), renovation and use of buildings, the improvement of thermal insulation performance and the efficiency of heating, air conditioning, refrigeration and heating systems, the strengthening of the operation and management of building energy systems, and the use of renewable energy to reduce heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, heating and heating on the premise of ensuring the quality of indoor thermal environment.
In developed countries, building energy efficiency was originally used to reduce energy consumption in buildings, and now it is generally called "improving energy utilization in buildings". Under the condition of ensuring the improvement of building comfort, we should make rational use of energy and continuously improve the energy utilization rate.
2
What are the policy measures?
Since 1980s, China has carried out corresponding building energy-saving work. First, the corresponding energy consumption standards for heating buildings in cold areas in northern China have been formulated. Subsequently, the related work was carried out gradually, and a series of regulations and standards were formed. The latest ones are:
In 2006, the former Ministry of Construction and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine jointly issued the "Evaluation Standard for Green Buildings", which is the first recommended national standard for comprehensive evaluation of green buildings from the whole life cycle of residential and public buildings.
In 2007, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) revised the Energy Conservation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), clearly put forward the framework blueprint of building energy conservation legislation in China, and opened a new chapter in building energy conservation.
In 2008, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Energy Efficiency of Civil Buildings, which put forward requirements for energy efficiency of new buildings, energy efficiency renovation of existing buildings, energy efficiency of building energy systems and application of renewable energy, and stipulated the responsibilities and obligations of people's governments at all levels, construction units, design units, supervision units and construction units in building energy efficiency.
three
How to strengthen building energy saving?
Strengthen the research on building energy-saving policies and increase support.
First, accelerate the research on building energy-saving legislation. Second, actively promote the overall planning and construction of major regional infrastructure, improve the efficiency of infrastructure use, and reduce the huge waste caused by repeated construction. Third, strictly implement and constantly improve building energy-saving standards and norms, increase the scope of mandatory standards, and strengthen supervision over the implementation effect of building standards and norms. The fourth is to study and formulate economic incentive policies and measures, give appropriate subsidies or preferential tax policies for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings, and give preferential discount policies for demonstration projects.
Accelerate the comprehensive utilization of construction waste.
There is a huge space for recycling construction waste, so we should increase the support and technical development for comprehensive utilization of construction waste, actively carry out pilot projects for comprehensive utilization of construction waste, and vigorously promote its use in the market; Learn from the experience of advanced countries, optimize the scheme from the design source, strengthen the supervision of construction process, reduce the amount of waste, reduce the consumption of building materials, and maximize the use of waste resources.
Vigorously develop and utilize new energy sources.
With the approach of energy crisis, new energy has become one of the main energy sources in the future world. Because the geographical environment of China is very different, some areas have better conditions for new energy development, while others have simpler conditions. Therefore, according to the actual situation of natural environment and geographical conditions, all localities should choose solar energy, geothermal energy, tunnel wind, biogas and other new energy sources with low cost, high energy efficiency and wide utilization range. While attaching importance to the development of new energy, we should also recycle waste heat and improve energy utilization.
Strengthen the construction of demonstration projects and promote the popularization and application of energy-saving building products.
Demonstration projects should be planned and designed according to the requirements of building energy efficiency, and the selection, construction and quality acceptance of energy-saving technologies and materials should be strictly tracked, so as to meet the requirements of energy-saving design standards on the premise of ensuring the quality of the project. Through the construction of pilot demonstration projects, study energy-saving materials, equipment and technologies suitable for local characteristics, test the energy-saving effect of energy-saving buildings, obtain economic and technical indicators of energy-saving buildings, and summarize the experience of planning and design, material selection and construction application; Taking the pilot project as the carrier, we will comprehensively promote the application of new energy-saving technologies and materials, display energy-saving achievements, and let the pilot demonstration project play a role in publicity and promotion.
Advice from others
Foreign building energy-saving measures
Germany
The economic measures taken by Germany in building energy conservation are mainly to reform the eco-environmental tax, raise the price of building heating oil, and at the same time implement tax relief for the application of new technologies such as cogeneration.
Laws and regulations: 1976, Germany passed the first "Building Energy Conservation Law"; 65438-0977, the building thermal insulation code, which mainly controls building heat loss, was implemented. In 2002, Germany's energy-saving law came into effect, which is a comprehensive building energy-saving law.
United States of America
American government actively encourages building energy conservation through legislation and tax relief. Legislation: 1975, the first Energy Policy and Conservation Act promulgated by the United States first put forward the requirement of building energy conservation; From 65438 to 0977, the government officially promulgated the Regulations on Energy Conservation of New Building Structures, which was popularized in 45 states and received obvious energy-saving effects. 1992 energy policy law 1992 requires relevant federal departments to reduce building energy consumption by 20% on the basis of 1985 before 2000. In terms of tax relief: new energy-saving houses can get tax relief. In addition, energy-saving construction equipment can also get tax breaks. At the same time, the United States launched a residential energy-saving plan for low-income families, and the government carried out energy-saving renovation for low-income families free of charge, and each family had a certain limit.
Japan
Japan uses the financial preferential system to encourage buildings to take energy-saving measures to obtain comfortable living environment conditions with less energy consumption. The financial preferential system implemented in Japan includes the discount loan system for residential buildings with heat insulation structure, the discount loan system for solar water heaters, energy-saving water supply equipment and heating equipment, and the long-term low-interest financing system for office buildings and restaurants with heat pump equipment.