catalogue
Problem-solving skills and cases of junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension
Function of rhetoric
Writing skills and functions
Problem-solving skills and cases of junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension
ask
The function of the first paragraph, the middle paragraph or sentence, and the last paragraph.
answer
Structurally speaking, the problem in the first paragraph is to get to the point, point out the center of the article, get to the point, get to the point, guide the full text, or play a role in causing the following; In terms of content, it is the foreshadowing and foil for the following, paving the way for the description of the following content.
The problem in the middle part plays a bridge role in the structure.
The function of the last paragraph or sentence is to summarize the full text, point out the main idea of the article, make people remember deeply and take care of the theme.
ask
What kind of thoughts and feelings does the article express?
answer
This needs to be answered according to the specific content of the article. Common ones are singing, praising, moving, longing, shocking, missing, melancholy, regret, missing hometown and relatives, or boredom, disgust, shame, guilt, hatred, sadness, sadness and regret.
ask
Summarize the main idea of the article.
answer
"Through the story ..., I praise (praise) ..., expressing the author's thoughts and feelings ..., and revealing the profound truth ... or in every paragraph of the article, especially the first or last sentence of the first or last paragraph, the philosophical sentence in the article is often the theme that the author wants to express.
ask
What expressions are used in underlined sentences? What's the role?
answer
Expression: narration, description, explanation, discussion and lyricism. Description is divided into character description, scenery description and comprehensive scene description. Character description can also be subdivided into language description, action description, psychological description, portrait description and detail description. The function of description is to make the article vivid, vivid and touching. The use of lyricism can enhance the appeal of the article and highlight the center of the article. If there are some fairy tales, folklore and descriptions of magical scenes in nature, its function is to increase the mystery of what is written and arouse readers' interest.
ask
What rhetorical devices are used in a sentence in the text? What's the role?
answer
There are eight common figures of speech: metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, repetition, rhetorical question and rhetorical question. The function of metaphor: to make profound truth simple and help people deepen their body odor; Make abstract things concrete and easy to accept; Visualize the summary and give a vivid impression. The role of personification is to make readers not only have a vivid impression on the things expressed, but also feel the author's strong feelings about things. Using personification to express things you like can make them vivid and make people feel more intimate and natural. Things that show hatred can be ugly and give people a strong sense of disgust. The function of exaggeration is to deeply express the author's distinct emotional attitude towards things, thus causing readers to scream strongly; Rendering the image of things can arouse people's rich imagination and help highlight the essence and characteristics of things. The function of parallelism lies in highlighting the center of the article, expressing strong and unrestrained emotions and enhancing the momentum of language; It is an important link to improve the expression effect. There are also overlapping words and short sentences, which make the article full of rhythm, beautiful rhyme and catchy to read.
In reading comprehension, there are sometimes quotations from poems, stories, languages or related contents in famous works. The question will be "What is the function of quotations in articles?" When answering this question, we should pay attention to answering these two key words, "contrast the quality of the narrative object and highlight some spirit of the protagonist."
ask
What does a sentence in the text mean? Or tell us something profound? Please tell me your understanding.
answer
The answer to this kind of question is not simply to find ready-made sentences from the text. This requires our students to read more and accumulate more at ordinary times, read more and remember some philosophical quotes, so as to truly understand the meaning of the article, enrich the answers and accurately express their understanding of the article in their own language.
ask
Compare reading comprehension.
answer
Sometimes exams compare articles in class with articles with similar content outside class. For this kind of topic, we can compare the content, writing characteristics and emotional tone of the article.
ask
Reading comprehension of expository texts.
answer
We can grasp three points: explain the object, explain the order (time/space/time) and explain the method. Commonly used interpretation methods include classification, example, analogy, enumeration of data, comparison, definition, interpretation, drawing charts, citing data and so on. The function of classification is to clarify complex things. Examples can make the content concrete and convincing. Metaphor can highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of interpretation. Column data can make what is explained more specific and make it easier for readers to understand the relevant content. Contrast refers to comparing some abstract or unfamiliar things with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison, and the characteristics of things often appear in comparison. When answering questions about expository language, we should pay attention to the accuracy of the language, and the language style can be divided into plain and vivid.
Narrative reading
1. The function of scenery description: to render the atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters, promote the development of the plot, show the quality of the characters and contrast the central meaning.
2. The function of description method: to express the character and reflect the theme of the work.
3. The role of metaphor, personification and other rhetoric: the rhetoric of … is used to write …
4. The role of parallelism: enhance the expressive force of language and vivid writing. ...
5. The role of rhetorical questions: strengthen the tone, cause the following, connecting the preceding with the following.
6. The role of rhetorical questions: arouse the reader's attention and thinking, lead to the following, connecting the preceding with the following.
7. The function of the topic: summarize the content; Reveal the theme; Hint clue
8. The role of the first paragraph:
Environmental description: point out the location and environment of the story, lead to the following, and pave the way for the development of the following plot.
Others: start with the topic and lay the emotional tone of the full text; Cite the full text or cause the following, paving the way for the development of the following plot.
9. The role of the middle sentence: the excessive role of connecting the preceding with the following.
10. The function of concluding argumentative sentences: summarize the full text, take care of the beginning, point out the center and deepen the theme.
1 1. Narrative order: direct narration, flashback and interpolation.
12. The advantages of the writer: the first person is authentic; The second person said, kind and natural; The third person can be described from many angles, not limited by time and space.
13. The form of narrative clues: physical objects; Characters; Changes in thoughts and feelings; Time; Change of position; Central event
14. Method of finding clues: title; A recurring word or thing; Lyrical argument sentence
15. sentence paragraph appreciation is considered from three aspects: content (what is written and what is unique in material selection); Form (writing method, language features, rhetoric); Emotion (social value, meaning, function, etc. (of the article)
Argumentative reading
Argumentative writing has three elements: argument, argument and argumentation. An argumentative essay, whether it is an argument, a rebuttal or a combination of the two, has a clear argument. Argumentative writing includes two basic forms: fact and truth. Arguments and arguments are organized through argumentation. So, how to read argumentative essays?
First, find the right argument.
Some articles, the title is the central argument, such as "frugality and morality"; Some articles put forward arguments at the beginning, such as "Talking about backbone", which put forward that "we China people have backbone" at the beginning; The central argument of some articles appears at the end of the article; Some articles put forward central arguments in the process of discussion, such as "thinking and doing"; There are also some articles that are not very concentrated in the expression of arguments, which require readers to select and refine from a large number of materials and summarize them.
Second, analyze the argument.
Factual argument, rational argument
Third, clear demonstration methods:
Prove truth, contrast and metaphor with examples.
Fourthly, analyze the structure of the article.
The structure of argumentative writing is generally to ask questions, analyze problems and solve problems (that is, introduction, theory and conclusion).
Fifth, analyze the language of argumentative writing.
The language of argumentative essays is often general, and the rich content is expressed in abstract words. For example, "frugality and moral cultivation" in "frugality and moral cultivation" means living frugally to cultivate morality. Its connotation is rich, and the police instigate the people. Only by linking the background of the work with the content of the full text can we have a deeper understanding.
Narrative reading
Brief analysis of test sites;
In argumentative reading, grasping the central argument is the first priority and the key to reading the full text, which directly affects the success or failure of the whole reading.
To summarize the center of the full text, to summarize the meaning of the paragraph; To analyze the relationship between paragraphs, we also need to summarize the meaning of paragraphs. It is to clarify the relationship between sentences. It is difficult to grasp long sentences, and it is also necessary to summarize the meaning of sentences.
Throughout the argumentative reading in recent years, the trend of proposition is:
The selection of materials is mainly after class, and the content of materials is close to students' life; The ability to examine is mainly the ability to understand and summarize, which requires you to perceive its main content as a whole, grasp the arguments, arguments and arguments of the article, understand its basic ideas, understand the effect of language expression, and summarize and express it; On this basis, I can read creatively and complete open topics.
Explanatory reading
The fetter attitude of reading expository texts should be rational, not emotional.
First, you should have a wide range of knowledge, so that you can better understand the articles you see.
Second, skills-if you can answer the original sentence, answer the original sentence; Or answer with a sentence with similar meaning to the original. Therefore, we should pay attention to the connection between contexts. The answer to the question mentioned in this paragraph may be in the next paragraph. Another skill is to find the answer in the test questions. For example, sometimes there will be multiple-choice questions-"Which of the following statements about this article is wrong/correct?" Reading the options carefully will help you understand this article.
It should also be noted that many students have strong memory ability for basic knowledge, but weak transfer ability, especially for the contextual meaning and function of words, words and sentences. Here is the solution of the 16-character formula for your reference.
Words cannot be separated from words, words cannot be separated from sentences, sentences cannot be separated from paragraphs, and paragraphs cannot be separated from texts.
How to improve the problem-solving ability of reading questions?
The amount of practice should be guaranteed.
Look at the sub-questions (more answers and more points, less answers and less points)
Chinese foundation should have (such as eight rhetoric, basic expression, argumentation method, explanation method, differences in argumentation, narration and explanation, etc.). )
Accumulate words (if there are no mistakes, there are phonetic notes and explanations)
Understand the meaning of the topic, what to ask, what to answer, and don't answer irrelevant questions.
Pay attention when reading, and see clearly the center and meaning of the article. If you can, try to retell the content of the article and realize the benefits of the author's expression like that. Unconsciously, when reading, you can understand the intention of the questioner. In this way, we can grasp the main points, answer questions concisely, and let the marking teacher shine at the moment and get high marks.
Reading, like composition, is the application of comprehensive knowledge of Chinese. To improve, we must improve the comprehensive quality of Chinese. Literature comes from life, so observe the phenomena in life and think more about the problems in life, and then talk to the author when reading and have something to say when writing some comprehension questions.
1, open the reading question:
This kind of test questions is actually to test students' perception of the selected text or important sentences. Students are required to combine reading with life, reading with writing, reading with learning methods, and reading with innovation. There are mainly the following aspects:
(1), asking to talk about opinions, feelings and sentiments according to the selected materials;
(2) Explain the understanding of the selected text content in combination with the actual situation;
(3) comment on the characters in the text;
(4), according to the life and study experience, judge the advantages and disadvantages, and talk about their own unique views on the selected materials;
(5) Put forward some reasonable suggestions and ideas about the phenomenon described in this paper.
(6) Mobilize knowledge accumulation, and examine the extension of the selected materials and the connection between the inside and outside of the teaching materials (such as understanding the works of important writers, literary models and famous sentences in the works, etc.). ).
(7) Use association and imagination to supplement relevant content;
(8) Appreciate the artistic technique or aesthetic feeling in the text.
Answer routine: This kind of questions will ask candidates to "talk about your opinion" and "Do you think ……". As long as they meet the requirements of the questions, what you talk about can be scored (1). It is best expressed in symbolic language. You can use "I think …" to answer questions. Such as ... "... express your views concisely from" I think ... ". (2) Reuse words such as "example" and "example", and use examples or reasoning to support your own views. This not only gives the marking teacher a clear sense of view, but also gives people a good impression of clear organization and strong argument. (3) The content should keep pace with the times and be close to the reality of life. (4) Have a correct outlook on life and values; (5) Be fluent in language and expression.
2. Evaluate and appreciate the characters and themes of the article (talk about your own understanding of the characters and themes)
Look at the full text, filter important information, and analyze the spirit or quality contained in it from the words and deeds of the characters. The answer can be composed as follows: the spirit (quality, character, thought and personality) of the character _ _ is expressed in words (words or lines). Generally speaking, the answer consists of three parts: a, the first half briefly summarizes the content of the article, which can be expressed as: the article is described by …; This article was written by … (something), using … B. The second part summarizes the ideological significance contained in the article, which can be expressed as: show/reveal/criticize/praise/persuade ... (some kind of ideological truth). Sometimes the topic can be a part of the answer and a necessary content. C. state which view you agree with and explain the reasons. On the basis of the overall perception of the text, find out the sentences that can express the author's feelings and the theme of the article, and answer them with specific materials.
3. What are your thoughts, experiences, inspirations and opinions?
Pay attention to the correctness and health of your own views and the rationality of what you say, and be sure to prove it with typical examples. That is, ask questions, analyze problems and solve problems. Answer the questions in the order of the total score: a. Point out the ideological significance contained in this article and the gains, experiences and understandings you get from it, and find out the sentence answers that can express the author's feelings and the theme of the article. B, combined with specific examples and materials in the text and life, to explain the reason C, then what should we do.
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Function of rhetoric
(1) own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.
1, figuratively personified: vivid;
Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.
2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ;
Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.
3. Ask questions: arouse readers' attention and thinking;
Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics
Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.
4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.
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Writing skills and functions
(1) Symbol: ... Symbolizes ..., expresses the feelings ..., and enhances the expressive force of the article.
(2) Contrast technique: By contrast, highlight the characteristics of things or objects, and better express the theme of the article.
(3) Irony: Use metaphor, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things, strengthen profundity and criticism, and make the language spicy and humorous.
(4) want to promote first and then suppress. First belittle and then praise the object described, contrast the context, highlight the object written, and receive unexpected touching effects.
(5) Setting off (side setting off) technique and positive description. Use secondary people or things to set off the main people or things, and highlight the characteristics, personality, thoughts and feelings of the main people or things.
(6) Coordination before and after (echo before and after) makes the plot complete, the structure rigorous and the center prominent.
(7) Setting suspense can attract readers' attention and lead to the content of the article.
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Problem-solving skills and case-related articles in junior high school Chinese reading comprehension;
★ Superpractical reading skills and exercises in junior middle school Chinese.
★ Skills and methods of solving problems in junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension
★ A complete book of problem-solving skills in junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension.
★ Common problems and problem-solving skills in modern Chinese reading in junior middle schools.
★ Problem-solving skills in junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension
★ How to master the answering skills of junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension?
★ How to help junior middle school Chinese reading comprehension
★ Summary of answers to common reading questions in junior middle school Chinese
★ Answering skills of narrative in junior middle school Chinese reading
★ Summary of problem-solving skills of Chinese reading comprehension prose in senior high school entrance examination
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