190 1 year J.H.van't Hoff Holland studied the laws of chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure.
1902 E. Fischer E. Fischer german synthetic sugar and purine derivatives
1903 S. Arrhenius Arrhenius Sweden put forward ionization theory.
1904 W. Ramsey discovered inert gas in Britain.
1905 A. von Baer Germany Baer studies organic dyes and aromatic compounds.
1906 preparation of elemental fluorine by Mu Wasang mowasan in France.
1907 E.Buchner found the phenomenon of cell-free fermentation in Buchner.
1908 E. Rutherford Rutherford put forward the theory of radioactive element transformation in Britain.
1909 F.W.Ostwald ostwald Germany's research on catalysis, chemical equilibrium and reaction rate.
1910 o. study on alicyclic compounds by Wallach Wallach, Germany.
19 1 1 year m. Curie discovered polonium and radium in Germany.
1912 v. France discovered magnesium as a reagent for organic reactions (called format reagent).
Page (abbreviation of page) Study on Catalytic Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds in Sabatier, Sabatier and France
1913 a. Werner Werner Switzerland put forward the theory of coordination chemistry.
1914 t.w. Richards The United States accurately determined the atomic weights of many elements.
1915 R. willstaterstedt Germany studies plant pigments, especially chlorophyll.
19 16 has no prize.
19 17
1918 F. Haber Haber invented the synthetic ammonia method in Germany.
19 19 has no prize.
1920 W.Nerst studied thermochemistry in Germany and put forward the third law of thermodynamics.
192 1 year, F. Soddy of Soddy first put forward the concept of isotope in Britain and proved the law of displacement.
1922 f.w. Aston invented the mass spectrometer in Britain, and used it to determine the isotopes of non-radioactive elements.
1923 F. Pregl fritz Pregl and microanalysis of organic compounds invented by Austria.
1924 did not win the prize.
1925 R. Zsigmondy Zigmond explained the heterogeneity of colloidal solution and established a modern research method of colloidal chemistry.
1926 t svedelberg Swedberg of Sweden invented the ultracentrifuge to study the dispersion system.
Vilander Vilander studied the composition of cholic acid.
1928 A.Windaus Wenders Germany studied the composition of cholesterol and its relationship with vitamins.
1929 A. Harden Britain expounded the fermentation process of sugar and the functions of enzymes and coenzymes.
H. Von Euler-Chelpin Oil Company Sweden
1930 H. Fischer H. Fischer Germany studies the synthesis of heme from heme and chlorophyll.
193 1 year C.Bosch's application of high pressure method in German research chemistry.
F. Bergius Bergius
1932 I. Langmuir studied surface chemistry and adsorption theory in the United States.
1933 missed.
1934 H.C.Urey Yuri discovered heavy hydrogen in the United States.
1935 method Joliot-Curie method Joliot-Curie synthesis of radioactive elements
Iorio Curie
In 1936, P.Debye put forward the concept of dipole moment, and used it and X-ray diffraction method to study molecular structure.
1937 W. Haworth Haworth studied the structure of carbohydrates and vitamin C in Britain.
Page (abbreviation of page) Switzerland studies the structures of carotenoids, riboflavin, vitamins A and B2.
1938 R. Kuhn Kuhn studied carotenoids and vitamins in Germany.
1939a. butenandt butenandt Germany studies sex hormones.
The length of Swiss studies on polymethylene and higher terpenes.
1940 There is no prize.
194 1 year
1942
Hevesy, Hevesy and Hungary use isotope tracer method to study chemical processes.
1944 O. Hahn Hahn discovered the heavy nuclear fission phenomenon in Germany.
1945 A. Virtanen and Virtanen invented the feed storage and preservation method in Finland.
1946 J.B.Sumner, Sumner, USA, isolation and purification of crystal protease.
The length of Northrop company in the United States produces pure enzymes and viral proteins.
Mr. W. Stanley Stanley, USA
Robinson studies alkaloids in England.
1948 Swedish A.W.K.Tiselius studied electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, and found the composition of serum protein.
1949 W.F.Giauque giauque and the United States studied the properties of substances at ultra-low temperature.
1950 O.Diels discovered the diene synthesis reaction in Germany.
K. Alder Alder
195 1 year E.M. McMillan American synthetic transuranic elements
G. American Siberg Company
1952 A. Martin invented partition chromatography in England.
R. singer uk
1953 H. staudinger, staudinger and Germany put forward the concept of polymer 1954 L. Pauling and the United States clarified the nature of chemical bonds to explain the complex molecular structure.
1955 v. duvigneaud duvignauu, an important sulfur-containing compound in biochemistry, synthesized peptide hormones.
1956 N. Semenoff and Semenoff studied the chemical kinetics of gas phase reaction in the former Soviet Union.
C. Hinshelwood Hinsherwood, USA
1957a.r. Todd studied nucleotides and nucleotide coenzymes in Britain.
1958 F. Sanger Sanger's determination of insulin molecular structure in Britain
1959 J. polarographic analysis method invented by Heyrovsky, yaroslav and Czech Republic.
1960 w.f. libby invented the radiocarbon dating method in the United States.
196 1 year M.Calvin studied the chemical process of photosynthesis in the United States.
1962 M.F.Perutz, Peruz, uk, determination of hemoglobin structure
J.C.Kendrew Chendru UK
Ziegler, Germany, studied the catalyst for ethylene polymerization.
G. Natata, Italy studied the propylene polymerization catalyst.
1964 determination of macromolecular structures such as vitamin B 12 by Mrs. D.C. Hodgkin in Britain
1965 R.B.Woodward The United States synthesized vitamin B 12, cholesterol, chlorophyll and other complex organic compounds.
1966 R.S.Mulliken Ma Liken and the United States established the molecular orbital theory of chemical structure.
1967 r.g.w. Norrish Norrish invented the rapid reaction determination technology in Britain.
G. Potter Potter Britain
Mi (short for meter) is the root of Germany.
1968 L. Onsager Onsager founded the thermodynamics theory of irreversible process in the United States.
1969 d.h.r. Barton studied the three-dimensional conformation of organic compounds in Britain.
O. Norwegians
1970 L.F. Leroir came to Leroy and Argentina and discovered glyconucleotides and their role in carbohydrate biosynthesis.
197 1 year g. Herzberg herzberg Canadian studies molecular spectroscopy, especially the electronic structure and geometric structure of free radicals.
1972 c.b. anfinsen anfinsen studied the relationship between the three-dimensional structure and function of nucleoside nucleases and the natural phenomenon of protein folding chain in the United States.
South Moore Moore USA
W.h. Steinstein USA
1973 e.o. fischer the organometallic compounds of sandwich bread structure were prepared and determined in Germany.
1974 P.J.Flory The United States studied the relationship between physical properties and structure of long-chain polymers and polymers.
1975 J.W.Cornforth took a three-dimensional break while studying organic molecules and enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the uk.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Switzerland is engaged in the stereochemical study of organic molecules and their reactions.
1976 w.n. lipscomb and American study on the structure of borane and carborane
1977i. Prigozin I.llyaPrigogine studies dissipative structure theory in thermodynamics.
1978 p.d. Mitchell studied the energy transfer process of biological systems in Britain.
The United States uses compounds of boron and phosphorus in organic synthesis.
G.Wittig Wittig Germany discovered the Wittig rearrangement reaction, which provided a new method for olefin production.
1980 P. Bergberg American manipulation gene recombinant DNA molecule
W Gilbert Right Bert The United States uses chemical methods to determine the arrangement of nucleotides in DNA.
F. Sanger Sanger UK
198 1 year, Kenichi Fukui founded the frontier orbit theory in Japan.
R. Hoffman Hoffman put forward conservation of molecular orbital symmetry in the United States.
1982 A.Klug Kruger The nucleic acid-protein complex was studied by electron microscope and X-ray diffraction in Britain.
1983 H.Taube studied the electron transfer mechanism of metal coordination compounds in the United States.
1984 B. Merifield Merifield studied peptide synthesis in the United States.
1985 h.a. hauptman hauptmann The United States has developed a direct calculation method for determining the crystal structure of matter by X-ray diffraction.
J. American Carre Carre Company
1986 d.r. study on the cross molecular beam method and chemical reaction kinetics in Herschbach, Herschbach.
Chinese Americans in Li Yuanzhe
J.c. Polanyi
1987 C.Pedersen pedersen and the United States have combined to form organic compounds that can simulate important biological processes, laying the foundation for supramolecular chemistry.
J.- Mr. Ryan of France
D. American tutoring
1988 J.Deisenhofer Dysenhoff Germany analyzed the three-dimensional structure of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center and expounded its photosynthetic mechanism.
R. huber huber German
H. Michel Michel Germany
1989 S. Altman Altman and the United States found that RNA has the catalytic function of enzymes.
T. Cech Cech USA
1990 E.J.Corey the United States put forward the principle of inverse synthesis analysis of organic synthesis.
199 1 year R.R.Ernst Switzerland developed a high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method.
1992 R.A.Marcus founded the theory of electron transfer process in solution in the United States.
1993 K.B.Mullis Muhlis and the United States invented the polymerase chain reaction technology.
Smith Smith invented the site-directed mutation technology based on oligonucleotide in Canada.
1994 G.A.Olah studied carbocation chemistry in the United States.
1995 P.Crutzen crutzen and Germany expounded the chemical mechanism affecting the thickness of the ozone layer, and proved that chemicals have a destructive effect on the ozone layer.
Mi (short for meter)) Molina Molina USA
F. Roland Company of the United States
1996 h.w. clotho discovered fullerenes in Crauste and England.
R.F. curl, Cole University, USA
R. Smali smalley USA
1997 P.B.Boyer discovered the ion transporter responsible for storing and transferring energy in human cells in the United States.
J. Walker Walker UK
Skosko, Denmark
1998 W.Kohn Cohen Austria put forward density functional theory, which opened up a new method to deal with complex multi-electron systems.
J.Pople Popper UK
1999 A. Zewail Zewail- American Egyptians used laser scintillation to study chemical reactions (femtosecond chemistry).
Alan Heeger? discovered conductive polymers? And America in 2000.
Hideki Shirakawa and Japan.
Allen Mark Diamid USA
Nobel Prize winner in physics.
190 1 year: X-rays were discovered in Roentgen (Germany).
1902: Lorenz (Netherlands) and Zeeman (Netherlands) studied the influence of magnetic field on radiation phenomenon.
1903: natural radioactivity discovered in becquerel; Pierre curie (France) and Marie Curie (Polish-born French) discovered and studied the radioactive elements polonium and radium.
1904: Research and discovery of argon in Rayleigh (UK) gas density.
1905: Leonard (Germany)' s research on cathode rays.
1906: Joseph Thomson (UK) made an important contribution to the theoretical and experimental research of gas discharge and discovered electrons.
1907: Michelson (USA) invented the optical interferometer and used it in spectroscopy and basic metrology research.
1908: lippmann (France) invented the color photographic interference method (lippmann's interference law).
1909: Marconi (Italy) and Braun (Germany) invented and improved the wireless telegraph; Richardson (England) is engaged in the study of thermionic phenomena, especially the discovery of Richardson's law.
19 10 year: van der Waals (Netherlands) research on gas and liquid equations.
19 1 1 year: Wien (Germany) discovered the law of thermal radiation.
19 12: Darren (Sweden) invented an automatic adjusting device, which can be used in combination with an ignition beacon and a buoy gas storage battery.
19 13: Agnes (Netherlands) studied the properties of objects at low temperature and made liquid helium.
19 14: Laue (Germany) discovered the phenomenon of X-ray diffraction in crystals.
1915: W. H. Prague and W. L. Prague (UK) used X-rays to study the crystal structure.
19 16: No prize.
19 17: The secondary X-ray radiation characteristics of elements discovered in Bakla (UK).
19 18: Planck (Germany) has made great contributions to the establishment of quantum theory.
19 19: Stark (Germany) discovered the Doppler effect and spectral line splitting of canal rays under the action of electric field.
1920: Guillaume (Switzerland) discovered the abnormal phenomenon of nickel-steel alloy and its importance in precision physics.
192 1 year: Einstein (Germany) his achievements in mathematical physics, especially the discovery of the law of photoelectric effect.
1922: Bohr's research on atomic structure and atomic radiation.
1923: Millikan (USA) studied the simple charge and verified the photoelectric effect.
1924: siegbahn (Sweden) discovered the spectral lines in X-rays.
1925: Frank and Hertz (Germany) discovered the collision law between atoms and electrons.
1926: perrin (France) studied the discontinuous structure of matter and found the sedimentary equilibrium.
1927: Compton (USA) discovered Compton effect; Wilson (England) invented the cloud chamber, which can show the trajectory of electrons in the air.
1928: Richardson (UK) studied the thermionic phenomenon and put forward Richardson's law.
1929: Louis-Victor de Bruu (France) discovers the fluctuation of electrons.
1930: Raman (India) studied light scattering and found Raman effect.
193 1 year: no prize.
1932: Heisenberg's contribution to quantum mechanics.
1933: Schrodinger (Austria) founded the theory of wave mechanics; Dirac (England) put forward Dirac equation and cavity theory.
1934: No prize.
1935: Chad wake (UK) discovers neutrons.
1936: Hess (Austria) discovered cosmic rays; Positron discovered by Anderson (USA)
1937: Davidson (USA) and George Paget Thomson (UK) discovered the diffraction of electrons by crystals.
1938: Fermi (Italy) discovered that neutron irradiation produced new radioactive elements, which realized the nuclear reaction with slow neutrons.
1939: Lawrence (USA) invents cyclotron to obtain artificial radioactive elements.
1940: No prize.
194 1 year: no prize.
1942: No prize.
1943: Stern (USA) developed molecular beam method to measure proton magnetic moment.
1944: Rabbi (USA) invents nuclear magnetic resonance method.
1945: Pauli (Austria) discovered the principle of Pauli incompatibility.
1946: bridgman (The United States invented a device for obtaining high pressure, and found something in the field of high pressure physics.
1947: The study of the physical characteristics of the upper atmosphere in appleton (UK) reveals the Aptom layer (ionosphere).
1948: blackett (UK) improved the Wilson cloud chamber method and its discovery in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic rays.
1949: Hideki Yukawa (Japan) put forward the theory of nuclear mesons and predicted the existence of mesons.
1950: Ceso Frank Powell (UK) developed a photographic method for studying nuclear processes and discovered π mesons.
195 1 year: cockcroft (Britain) and Wharton (Ireland) bombard atoms with artificially accelerated particles, resulting in nuclear transmutation.
1952: Bloch and purcell (USA) engaged in the study of nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon and founded the nuclear magnetic force measurement method.
1953: Zelnik (Netherlands) invented the phase contrast microscope.
1954: Born (UK) has made contributions to the statistical interpretation and research of quantum mechanics and wave functions; Bert (Germany) invented the coincidence counting method to study nuclear reactions and gamma rays.
1955: Ram (USA) invented microwave technology to study the fine structure of hydrogen atom; Kush (USA) used RF beam technology to accurately measure the electron magnetic moment, which innovated the nuclear theory.
1956: bratton, Bardeen and shockley (USA) invented the transistor and studied the transistor effect.
1957: Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning (China) discovered parity imbalance under weak interaction, which led to an important discovery about elementary particles.
1958: Cherenkov, Tam and Frank (Soviet Union) discover and explain cherenkov effect.
1959: antiprotons have been discovered in segre and owen chamberlain (USA).
1960: Grasett (USA) discovers bubble chamber and replaces Wilson's Cloud Room.
196 1 year: hofstadter (USA) made a pioneering study on the scattering of electrons to the nucleus, and thus discovered the structure of the nucleus; Mossbauer (Germany) engaged in the study of vibration absorption of γ-rays and found the Mossbauer effect.
1962: Landau's pioneering theory on condensed matter, especially liquid helium.
1963: Wigner (USA) discovered the symmetry of elementary particles and the principle governing the interaction between protons and neutrons; Mrs Meyer (USA) and Zhan Sen (German) discovered the shell structure of the nucleus.
1964: Thomas (USA)' s basic research achievements in the field of quantum electronics laid a theoretical foundation for the invention of masers and lasers; Basov and prokhorov (Soviet Union) invented the maser.
1965: Ichiro Asanaga (Japan), Schwinge and Feynman (USA) have made great achievements in quantum electrodynamics, which have a far-reaching impact on particle physics.
1966: kastler (France) invented and developed a double * * vibration method to study the light * * vibration and magnetic * * vibration in atoms.
1967: Betty's contribution to nuclear reaction theory, especially the discovery of star energy.
1968: Alvarez (USA) developed hydrogen bubble chamber technology and data analysis, and found a lot of * * * vibration dynamics.
1969: gherman's classification of elementary particles and the discovery of their interaction.
1970: Basic research and discovery of magnetohydrodynamics in Alvin (Sweden) and its fruitful application in plasma physics; Neil (France)' s Basic Research and Discovery on Antimagnetism and Ferromagnetism
197 1 year: gabor (UK) invented and developed the holographic method.
1972: Bardeen, Cooper and schrieffer (USA) establish the microscopic theory of BCS superconductivity.
1973: Esaki Reona (Japan) discovered the semiconductor tunneling effect; Giaever (USA) discovered the superconducting tunnel effect; Josephson (UK) put forward and discovered the property of super current passing through tunnel barrier, namely Josephson effect.
1974: Ryle (UK) invented the application of synthetic aperture radio astronomical telescope for pioneering research on radio astrophysics; Hughes (England) discovered pulsars.
1975: A.N. Bohr, Mottleson (Denmark) and rainwater (USA) discovered the connection between collective motion and particle motion in the nucleus, and put forward the theory of nuclear structure according to this connection.
1976: Ding Zhaozhong and richter (USA) independently discovered new J/ψ elementary particles.
1977: Anderson, Van Flack (USA) and Mott (UK) have made fundamental research on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems.
1978: Basic inventions and discoveries in the field of low-temperature physics in Capicha (Soviet Union); Penzias and W. Wilson (USA) discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation.
1979:glashow, Weinberg (USA) and Salam (Pakistan) contributed to the unified theory of weak interaction and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, and predicted the existence of weak neutral flow.
1980: Cronin and Fitch (USA) found that the parity of the charge * * * yoke is not conserved.
198 1 year: siegbahn (Sweden) developed high-resolution measuring instruments and quantitative analysis of photoelectrons and light elements; Blom Bergen (USA) pioneered nonlinear optics and laser spectroscopy; Xiao Luo (USA) invented the high-resolution laser spectrometer.
1982: K. G. Wilson (USA) put forward renormalization group theory to clarify the critical phenomenon of phase transition.
1983: Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (USA) made a theoretical study on the physical processes of great significance to the structure and evolution of stars; Fowler (USA) has made theoretical and experimental research on the nuclear reactions of great significance in the formation of chemical elements in the universe.
1984: Lu Biya (Italy) confirmed the existence of intermediate vector bosons [[W+]], W- and Zc that transmit weak interactions; Van der Meyer (Netherlands) invented the random cooling method of particle beam, which made it possible to produce W and Z particles by proton-antiproton beam collision.
1985: von kritzin (Germany) discovered the quantum hall effect and developed the technology of measuring physical constants.
1986: ruska (Germany) designed the first transmission electron microscope; Bü nig (Germany) and rohrer (Switzerland) designed the first scanning tunneling electron microscope.
1987: The oxide high temperature superconducting material was discovered by Berdnos in Germany and Miao Lei in Switzerland.
1988: Lederman, Schwartz and Steinberg (USA) made the first neutrino beam in the laboratory and found neutrinos, thus proving the dual structure of leptons.
1989: Ramsey (USA) invents the method of separating oscillation field and its application in atomic clock; Dehmel (USA) and Paul (Germany) developed atomic accurate spectroscopy and ion trap technology.
1990: Friedman, Kendall (USA) and Richard edward tylor (Canada) first proved the existence of quarks through experiments.
199 1 year: Gener (France) extended the method of studying order phenomena in simple systems to more complex material forms, especially the study of liquid crystals and polymers.
1992: Xia Pake (France) invents and develops a multi-wire proportional counter for high-energy physics.
1993: hoels and J·H· Taylor (USA) discovered the pulse binary star, which indirectly confirmed the existence of gravitational waves predicted by Einstein.
1994: brockhaus (Canada) and Schell (USA) developed neutron diffraction technology in the study of condensed matter.
1995: Pell (USA) discovered tau lepton; Neutrinos Found in Raines (USA)
1996: D.M. Lee, Osherov and R·C· Richardson (USA) found that helium isotopes can flow frictionless at low temperature.
1997: Chu diwen, W·D· Phillips (USA) and Cohen Tanucci (France) invent the method of cooling and trapping atoms by laser.
1998: laughlin, Stemme and Cui Qi (USA) discovered and studied the fractional quantum Hall effect of electrons.
1999: H. Hofer and Wiltman (Netherlands) expounded the quantum structure of weak current interaction.
2000: Alferov (Russia) and cromer (Germany) put forward the theory of heterostructure and developed fast transistors and laser diodes with heterostructure; Jack kilby (USA) invents integrated circuit.
200 1 year: Ketteler (Germany), Cornell and Weiman (USA) made achievements in "Bose-Einstein condensed state of rare gases of alkali metal atoms" and "Study on early basic properties of condensed state".
2002: raymond davis, Riccardo giacconi (USA) and Masatoshi Koshiba (Japan) "commend their pioneering contributions in the field of astrophysics, including their achievements in" detecting cosmic neutrinos "and" discovering cosmic X-ray sources ".
2003: Alexei Abrikosov, anthony leggett (USA) and Vitaly Ginzburg (Russian Federation) "commend their pioneering contributions in the field of superconductors and superfluids."
2004: David Gross (USA), David Pulitzer (USA) and Frank Wilczek (USA) in recognition of their "discovery of quarks' asymptotic freedom in quantum fields".
2005: Roy J. Glauber (USA) honors his contribution to the optical coherent quantum theory. ; John L. Hall (USA) and Theodore Hensch (Theodor W.H? Nsch, Germany) praised their contribution to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy.
2006: John Mather and goerge smoot (USA) commend them for discovering the blackbody form and anisotropy of cosmic microwave background radiation.
That's enough