1. 1 the theoretical origin of neoliberalism

"Neoliberalism originated in Britain and is the main political and ideological faction of the modern bourgeoisie. In the 1970 s, the pilgrimage mountain society headed by Hayek proposed neoclassical liberalism with the main content of returning to classical liberalism. Starting from individualism, it emphasized the maintenance of human freedom. " (1) Neo-liberalism can be said to be a continuation of classical liberalism to some extent. It is also based on the positive freedom and competition order, and tends to be individual, laissez-faire, freedom, efficiency and market in weighing the relationship between individual and state, laissez-faire and restraint, freedom and democracy, efficiency and fairness, and market and government.

1.2 the development of neoliberalism

Neo-liberalism is the product of the long-term development of capitalist economy, which began in the 1920s and 1930s and was related to the specific political environment and economic and social problems at that time. Until the 1970s, economic crises broke out in many countries in the capitalist world, but Keynesianism was helpless about the consequences of the economic crisis. "Neoliberalism, which has been neglected for many years, has adapted to this need. With the coming to power of American President Ronald Reagan and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, in the voice of denying Keynesianism, they have occupied the mainstream economic status of the United States and Britain. An important feature of neoliberalism is to raise the opposition to state intervention to a new system and theoretical height, which is a counter-revolution to Keynesian revolution. It is also in this sense that western scholars also call neoliberalism neoconservatism. " (2) Under the impetus of the new scientific and technological revolution, state monopoly capitalism began to enter the international stage, which changed the international monopoly capitalism. It is in this form that "neo-liberalism began to be politicized in theory and scholarship, national ideology and paradigm, and became an important part of the theoretical system of global integration of international monopoly capital in the United States and Britain." ③

First of all, in terms of economic theory. Neo-liberalism not only inherited some viewpoints of traditional liberal capitalist economic theory, but also carried it forward and effectively promoted industrialization and modernization. First of all, they denied public ownership and strongly advocated privatization. Second, they advocate economic marketization, believe that the market is the best way to allocate resources effectively, and oppose any form of state intervention.

Second, in terms of political theory. Neo-liberalism strongly denies state intervention and vigorously advocates free competition, believing that freedom is the premise of efficiency. This is obviously different from state interventionism, and does not think that the capitalist market economy is insufficient.

Third, in terms of strategy and policy. "Neo-liberalism strongly advocates global integration led by superpowers, places great emphasis on promoting global economic, political and cultural integration led by superpowers-global capitalism, and strongly denies socialism."

2 the nature of neoliberalism and its international harm

2. 1 the essence of neoliberalism

The essence of neo-liberalism is the theoretical expression of globalization by the dominant ideology of contemporary international monopoly bourgeoisie. Its core is economic marketization, liberalization and privatization, and political westernization of developing countries, which is the ideological weapon for the United States and other western developed capitalist countries to promote neocolonialism to developing countries and socialist countries. ④

2.2 the negative impact of neoliberalism

In the early 1980s, the political and economic thoughts of neoliberalism were put into practice in developed capitalist countries headed by the United States, which had a series of influences on the world political economy. Neo-liberalism, as the economic program of developed capitalist countries, conforms to the objective needs of contemporary capitalist development to a certain extent, adapts to the requirements of capital expansion under the background of economic globalization, and promotes the economic development of capitalism to a certain extent. However, neoliberalism is not a panacea for all countries in the world, even in developed capitalist countries, its implementation has brought negative effects. But in those developing China countries that accept neo-liberal ideas, the consequences are even more serious. Under the influence of the neo-liberal ideology promoted by western developed countries, many developing countries are in trouble in the political and economic reform, which has caused great confusion to the country (continued on page 1 17) and seriously affected the national economic development.

(1) Russian performance. Under the influence of western liberalism, some domestic scholars accepted Washington's knowledge, and their thoughts gradually occupied a dominant position. According to the analysis, the decisive factor of Russian reform going astray is: "Under the pressure of foreign creditors, the Russian leading group accepted the most barbaric form of' Washington's knowledge'-the strategy of" shock therapy "." The theory of' shock therapy' absolves oligarchs of the lever of seizing state power, makes state power subordinate to the interests of international capital, combines organized crime with state institutions, and makes the primitive accumulation of capital have a legal form. "In this way, Russia's reform finally turned into a tragedy, an unprecedented catastrophe." ⑤

(2) The performance of Asian countries experiencing economic crisis. The financial crisis broke out in Southeast Asia from 65438 to 0997, starting from Thailand and then spreading to other Asian countries. Under the pressure of western countries, Thailand began to promote neoliberalism. For a long time, Thailand's economy developed rapidly and continued to grow for a long time. On the one hand, cheap labor attracts a lot of foreign investment, on the other hand, foreign-funded enterprises invest a lot of money in the highly profitable securities market and real estate market, which makes these markets keep heating up. However, Thailand's financial system is chaotic and has many disadvantages. It was under the influence of neo-liberalism advocated by western capitalism that Thailand opened its financial market very early, which eventually led to a disastrous financial crisis. Soon after, driven by the financial crisis that broke out in Thailand, many countries in Southeast Asia also broke out in financial crisis, and then evolved into Asian financial crisis.

(3) Performance in China's economic reform. Under the influence of the Southeast Asian financial turmoil, China has also been affected to varying degrees.

First, in the study of economic theory. According to state interventionism, market economy will have defects not only in micro-regulation, but also in macro-regulation. In contemporary western economics, the effective means of economic regulation include "invisible hand", that is, market regulation and "visible hand", that is, government macro-regulation. The government pays attention to both market regulation and macro-control, and combines the two.

The second is on the road of reform. When the United States is adjusting its economy, it implements its own government intervention policy. However, when other developing countries and countries in transition carry out economic reforms, they ask the government not to interfere in the economy.

Third, in terms of reform policies. The United States often sends scholars of new economic system to China to publicize new ideas and try to influence China's reform and opening-up policy. American neoliberal economist and Russian advocate of "shock therapy" Saks and others, in order to "guide the development of China", formulated China's economic federalism and privatization program. According to the plan, China is in the period of system reform or transition, so it needs to make qualitative changes in the economic system, such as establishing economic federalism, encircling the state-owned economy with non-state-owned economy, and privatizing and demutualizing state-owned enterprises through clarifying property rights. In a word, as firm believers in Marxist economics, we should correctly understand the essential characteristics of western liberalism and its negative international influence, and resolutely resist the western capitalist countries led by the United States to use neo-liberalism to infiltrate China's economy and safeguard China's economic security. At the same time, we should strengthen the guiding position of Marxist economics and build a road of economic development with China characteristics.