The pyramids are the tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs. Around the 27th century BC, the ancient Egyptian kingdom was ruled by Pharaoh. After the Pharaoh died, their bodies were buried in huge stone tombs. The bases of these tombs are square, getting smaller and smaller as they go up, and finally becoming spires. Because its outline is a bit like the Chinese character "Jin", it is called the pyramid.
There are more than 70 pyramids, large and small, built by the ancient Egyptian dynasty, the largest of which is pyramid of khufu on the outskirts of Cairo. The height of this pyramid is over 146 meters, which is equivalent to a 40-story skyscraper. Walk around the pyramid for almost one kilometer. This tower consists of 23 1000 boulders, each of which weighs 2.5 tons on average. It is estimated that if the stones of this pyramid are paved into a road one-third of a meter wide, it can circle the earth; If it is transported by train, it needs 600 thousand wagons. These stones are polished very smoothly, and they are closely combined with each other. After thousands of years, even the sharpest blade can't be inserted into the joints of these stones. In order to build this pyramid, 654.38 million people often work in the scorching sun. The whole project took 30 years.
How was such a magnificent and exquisite pyramid built? Hard-working and clever Egyptians have come up with many scientific methods. They put stones on wooden skids and were dragged away by people or livestock. The wooden sledge carrying heavy stones couldn't pull on the uneven road, so they specially built a slate road.
The pyramids began to be built. At that time, there were no cranes. How are so many boulders built? It is said that the first floor of the ground is built first, and then a soil slope as high as this one is piled up. People pull stones to the second floor along the inclined soil slope. This layer by layer, how high the pyramid is, how high the slope is. After the tower was built, the earth slope became a big mountain. Then people removed the mound and revealed the pyramids.
Now, these pyramids have stood in the undulating yellow sand for four or five thousand years. They are the symbols of Egypt and the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancient Egyptian people.
When it comes to ancient civilization, people will inevitably think of the ancient Egyptian pyramids and the Sphinx, which are called one of the seven wonders of the world. Many places, even modern civilization, cannot be fully explained. There are still many people studying it and exploring it. It is a monument of ancient civilization, towering in the vast Sahara desert.
How did this pyramid and the Sphinx come about?
It turns out that there was a religious superstition in ancient Egypt: "After death, as long as the body is preserved, his soul will be resurrected when it enters the underworld." Accustomed to luxury, the emperor hoped to enjoy wealth forever after his death, so he ordered the corpse to be embalmed, filled with spices and preserved for a long time, called "mummy". Pyramids are tombs for mummies. The pyramid is a square cone-shaped building. Because its shape is very similar to the word "gold" in China, the ancients in China called it a "pyramid".
More than 70 ancient Egyptian pyramids, large and small, are located in a desert10 ~ 20km south of Cairo. Up to now, there are three pyramids in Giza, southwest of Cairo, which were built by three generations of the fourth dynasty, namely King Khufu, King Kabra and King Monkoala. Among them, King Khufu is the largest, known as the Great Pyramid, with a history of four or five thousand years, and it is the peak of the pyramid.
It is said that Khufu was the founder of the Fourth Dynasty (2680-2560 BC) and the son of King Snevro. When he was in office, in order to continue to enjoy prosperity in another world, he recruited 300,000 people, with 6,543.8+10,000 people in each batch. It took 30 years to finally build the Great Pyramid Mausoleum with huge scale and complicated structure.
The volume of this pyramid is about 250 cubic meters. The bottom is square, each side is more than 230 meters long and the height is 146.5 meters (it is now 138 meters due to weathering and erosion for thousands of years). It covers an area of 52,900 square meters and is made of 2.3 million stones. Each stone generally weighs 25 tons, and the largest one weighs 30 tons. Some people estimate that if these stones are cut open and paved with a foot-wide road, they can circle the earth!
What's even more amazing is that all the stones are piled up by their own weight without any mortar bonding. Moreover, the four inclined planes of the tower are all east, west, north and south, and the inclination angle is 5 1.52 minutes. The height error between the southeast corner and the northwest corner of the tower is only 1.27 cm, which shows the precision of construction.
At the north pole of the pyramid, there is a population at 17 meters above the ground, which can reach the inside of the pyramid through three passages. At the top is the Pharaoh's cemetery, with a vertical distance of 42.28 meters from the ground. Tomb length10.43m, height 5.82m.. There is only a red granite sarcophagus in such a big space. In the middle is the queen's tomb, which is roughly the same as the Pharaoh's tomb. The bottom one is called the auxiliary tomb. It is said to be the soul lounge of Pharaoh and queen. There are several holes in Pharaoh's tomb that extend to the surface of the pyramid. In addition to ventilation, it is also used as the "free activity" of the "soul" of the elderly and the queen. What a rich imagination.
On a huge exposed rock next to the pyramid, a prone portrait of the Sphinx is carved, which is said to be the mythical Sphinx. There is also a story of speculation about it.
The sphinx is entrenched in the only way to Cairo, causing trouble. When he meets someone, he always comes up with a riddle, and whatever he can't guess becomes a good meal for him. But this riddle is so strange that no one can guess it, so people are afraid to go that way again. Those who are in urgent need of going to Cairo will either take a detour of thousands of miles or not go at all.
One day, a little boy heard about it and decided to give it a try. Others advised him not to go, because going would be tantamount to death. But he insisted on going on with the firm belief of eliminating pesticides for the people.
The sphinx was very happy to see someone coming. It looks like another delicious meal. He made a riddle as usual: "What has four legs in the morning, two legs at noon and three legs when the sun goes down?"
"This ..." Young people really find it difficult to understand.
"Hurry up!" With that, the Sphinx opened its mouth and wanted to swallow the young man in one gulp. But he thinks he can't escape this meal. Let's see what the boy can do.
"Yes-people."
"What?" The Sphinx was very scared, but still refused to give up. "Why is that?"
"Because people can't walk when they are born, they crawl on the ground with their hands. Isn't this four legs? When people grow up and learn to walk, do they have no legs? When you are old, you must walk with crutches. Isn't that three legs? "
The Sphinx was speechless and had to admit that he was right. Feeling ashamed, he committed suicide. Since then, this road has resumed its former prosperity.
According to legend, Cabra ordered to carve a dummy for him in order to make his image go down in history. At that time, a famous craftsman carved a lion on a bare hard rock, and the lion's head was carved according to Cabra's face to show the majesty of the emperor. The Sphinx is 48.8 meters long and 2 1.3 meters high. Unfortunately, the 500 kg beard was knocked out by Napoleon's army in August 1798, and it can no longer be installed.
The pyramids of Egypt show the wisdom and creativity of the ancient Egyptian people and become the symbol of Egyptian civilization and even ancient civilizations all over the world.