Present situation and trend of management development
Chen Haitao
(Qinhuangdao Funing Automobile Comprehensive Performance Testing Station, Funing, Hebei 066300)
Abstract: Management is both a discipline and an art. With the development of science and economy, the School of Management presents a jungle-like development trend. Such as classical management school, organizational behavior management school, management science school, system management school, target management school and so on. The arrival of the era of informationization and globalization has brought new ideas and challenges to the development of management science. This paper will briefly introduce the development status and existing problems of management science, and discuss its future development trend.
Keywords: management; Current situation; Problems; trend
China Library Classification Number: F275 Document Identification Number: Part A Number:1000-8772 (2014) 34-0089-02.
Date of receipt: 2014-11-10.
About the author: Chen Haitao (1975-), male, from Funing, Hebei, secretary of the Party branch, economist, whose main research direction is highway economy.
First, the research status of management science and some existing problems.
(A) Overview of management status
From18th century to the end of19th century, management was in its infancy. Adam Smith put forward the theory of division of labor and labor value, emphasizing that society is regulated by "an invisible hand". Babbage further proposed to pay wages according to the division of labor on the basis of Adam Smith, that is, different division of labor leads to different wages. These are all macro-level management studies. From the end of 19 to the 1930s, the management movement appeared in the United States, which formed the classical management theory represented by Taylor's scientific management, and began the upsurge of management research from the microscopic point of view. Of course, management has not given up the macro-management research on systems, processes and social relations. Classical management theory is a compulsory course for management study so far. This is the first time to study the main process, functions and skills of management. After that, many experts and scholars carried out research and expansion on the basis of it, so that the jungle of management continued to extend, such as neoclassical management theory, organizational behavior theory school, decision-making school, system management theory, management science school, target management school, contingency management school and so on. No matter how many schools of management theory there are and how different research methods and tools are, its ultimate goal is to provide some reference for decision makers in management practice, provide some ideas for the development of organizations and make some contributions to social progress. With the development of modern society, the social structure is becoming more and more complex, and the research on organization has gone beyond the micro and macro levels. Modern management theory research often adopts systematic and comprehensive multi-level research methods.
In the research of management science, there is a key factor, that is "people". Traditional management theory assumes that people are rational, and emphasizes "things" and "things" more. Of course, the traditional management theory has not completely ignored the human factor. For example, Taylor, Gilbreth and others still put human equality, material needs and value into the research category. The theory of behavioral science further puts the human factor in the first place, and integrates the relevant theoretical achievements of sociology and psychology. Put forward the assumptions of "complex person", "social person" and "bounded rational person", and pay more attention to the study of people's emotions, desires and motives. However, this does not mean that behavioral science is perfect. It overemphasizes people's feelings and social aspects, while ignoring rationality, economic factors and the positive role of formal organizations. In addition, it should be pointed out that each school has its own rhetoric about the evaluation of people's behavior in the organization, and it is difficult to find a unified plan acceptable to all schools. However, as far as the essence of human behavior is concerned, including the study of the relationship between individuals and organizations, personal goals and organizational goals, various management schools have basically reached a consensus. Therefore, to a certain extent, although the research focus of each school is different, their research permeates and complements each other, which makes the situation that each school advocates separation and unification become a reality.
(B) China's management status and some problems
China's management thought