When you have to cherish your youth all your life, you can write a book with your head down.

1877 12.3, a scholarly family in Yan Guan Town, Haining City, Zhejiang Province, was born in a less loud cry. He is the master of Chinese studies-Wang! Country! v！

It is said that when Wang Guowei was born, it suddenly began to rain. Wang Naiyu, who was standing outside waiting for his son to be born, looked up at the sky with mixed feelings. Hi: the sudden change of weather indicates that the person born will be extraordinary; Worry: Not crying loudly means that the baby is weak.

Wang Guowei, whose name is Jing 'an, was born in Yan Guan, and is a famous tide-watching resort in Qiantang River. Haining City has produced many celebrities since ancient times, among which the most famous one is Gan Bao, a writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the originator of the magical novel Searching for the Gods.

If you are not familiar with Gambao, there is also a literary master-Xu Zhimo, who was born in the late 20 years of Wang Guowei. He is also from Haining, Zhejiang.

Wang Guowei was born in poverty and lost his mother at the age of three. His father, Wang Naiyu, is an elegant gentleman who inherited this book. He is a teacher of the county government and is proficient in calligraphy, painting and epigraphy.

Wang Naiyu has high hopes for his eldest son Wang Guowei. At the age of six, he sent him to a private school. He resigned at home in the age of no doubt and taught his son to write poetry himself. Interestingly, today, Wang Naiyu can definitely be called a parenting guru. He wrote all his son's growth footprints in his diary.

For example, in his diary of 189 1, he mentioned that he supervised his son's handwriting:

"At the beginning is the method of writing for jing' an instructions. Wandering freely is not enough. It is difficult to sit quietly for a long time. Laziness is known to harm people, but people are unconscious. The detachment of the horse and the detachment of the eagle is irreversible. Teenagers should punish themselves. "

Father's inculcation made Wang Guowei cherish time and study hard. At the age of sixteen, he was a scholar in the examination, ranking first among the four gifted scholars in Haining. At this time, Wang Guowei often talked with his companions about ancient history and collated doubts and mistakes, which has begun to become a scholar.

In his words, it is chanting: "The lyrics are ups and downs, and the books are vertical and horizontal, which is out of date."

If you think that Wang Guowei only knows how to eat books, it is all wet.

Wang Guowei's all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty. Besides books, wenwan, epigraphy, guessing boxing, wrestling and schoolwork are all kinds!

However, judging from the photos, the master's figure is thin, and wrestling should be almost worse.

Lu Xun once said that Wang Guowei was as honest as ham, and Hu Shi also bluntly read Wang Guowei's poems and thought that he was a charming son. In fact, he was ugly.

Although ugly, there is an old saying: "You can't judge a person by his appearance, and things change."

People with high talents never rely on their faces to eat.

2

The jade test takes three days to burn and the material identification takes seven years.

Wang Guowei, who became famous in his hometown as a teenager, is still a poor scholar and is far from being admitted to the university. If you want to be an official, you must first be admitted to the candidates.

Xin Qiji wrote in "Partridge Day". "Autumn Test" said, "Go to Qingyun next year and watch the world help me." I'm talking about the comfort after the exam. At that time, Wang Guowei, a young man, had this relaxed mentality, although he was only a scholar who achieved fame.

Because I despise stereotyped writing, I handed in a blank sheet of paper in the autumn exam.

Bull x!

Wang Guowei, who seems to be honest, has his own unruly nature in his bones. The decline of the Qing Dynasty and the corruption of the imperial examination made Wang Guowei yearn for new learning, but his family was poor and he had no money to study abroad. Under the pressure of his father, Wang Guowei took part in the provincial examination twice in five years, and both failed in Sun Shan.

At this time, Wang Guowei, who has passed the age of weak crown, got married first at the behest of his father.

1898 Just after the Lantern Festival, Wang Guowei entered the Shanghai Current Affairs Newspaper to replace his friends as a clerk and concierge. His boss is Wang, a famous man.

On the beach where Luo Shang is respected first and others are respected later, Wang Guowei, who is poorly dressed, is like a bumpkin who goes to town and will inevitably not be bullied. I was supposed to take the job instead of my friend, and I should have received equal pay for equal work. At the time of salary, someone else had 20 yuan, and he only had 12 yuan.

Of course Wang Guowei refuses to accept it! Looking for accounting theory, the answer is: "That's all you have!" The implication is that you can do it or not! I was so angry that Wang Guowei almost resigned. Thanks to my father's encouragement, I had the opportunity to make friends with Luo Zhenyu and join the Oriental Literature Society.

Sometimes, if you endure it, you will broaden your horizons.

Although his salary was deducted by his boss, Wang Guowei opened his eyes and met many reformers. Influenced by the new ideological trend, he was worried about the current situation, and saw that the shaky Qing government was helpless in the face of foreign separatist regimes.

In his grief and indignation, he wrote, "If you want to soar from a swan, you must not soar." This year, Wang Guowei was 2 1 year old, living in a small room, but had the ambition to go to Guanshan.

Unfortunately, Wang Guowei's talent is not liked by Wang. This can only be said that Wang has no vision. He didn't expect his concierge to become a famous master of Chinese studies in China in the future.

Fortunately, Maxima always meets Bole.

One evening, when all my colleagues got off work, Wang Guowei took half a bag of peanuts and two or two liquors and chanted Du Fu loudly at the station. His voice was desolate and beautiful. He happened to bump into Luo Zhenyu, an educator who came to the newspaper to talk about business. During the conversation, Luo Zhenyu marveled that the ugly porter was a well-read person.

Luo Zhenyu appreciated Wang Guowei's talent and asked Wang to reduce his workload and let him have time to study foreign languages in the Oriental Literature Society. On the surface, Wang Kangnian promised that privately, instead of reducing Wang Guowei's workload, he added a lot of translation services to him.

Wang Guowei ran around all day and finally collapsed.

Luo Zhenyu learned that, without further ado, he helped him leave the times, let him study in the Oriental Literature Society for free, and appointed him as a social service teacher, with a monthly salary of 30 yuan, twice as much as the times.

This is an important turning point in Wang Guowei's life, and his life is inextricably linked with Luo Zhenyu.

three

A meal of elixir can live forever, depending on how many changes have taken place in the mountains and rivers.

When Cixi put out the Reform Movement of 1898, Wang Guowei was very sad. He devoted all his energy to learning English and Japanese. During his two and a half years in the Oriental Literature Society, he came into contact with western philosophy such as Kant and Schopenhauer, translated western works such as Evolution and Immortality, and studied in Japan with the support of Luo Zhenyu.

Wang Guowei, who devoted himself to saving the country through science, chose to enter Tokyo Institute of Physics. It is inevitable for liberal arts students to choose science majors. Four months later, Wang Guowei returned to China ahead of schedule because of his professional mismatch and beriberi.

It can be seen that choosing a major must start from interest.

190 1 On July 25th, the incompetent Qing government was signed by western powers. Alas, Wang Guowei lived in a century-long history of modern humiliation in China. The nation was humiliated and country J was in trouble. Cixi, who listens to politics, only knows pleasure and is unable to return to heaven.

Wang Guowei recuperated at home, waiting for the opportunity to study abroad in "official school" and went to the west instead. Luo Zhenyu telephoned Wang Guowei to give up his study abroad plan. 190 1 September, joined Wuchang agricultural school with Luo Zhenyu.

In the same year, under the guise of Guangxu, Cixi promoted the reform of Xin and Chou, and the learning craze swept the country. Wang Guowei sighed: "Today, the imperial edict to promote learning has come."

I have to say that Wang Guowei has a historical vision. Four years later, the imperial examination was abolished. After another six years, the feudal monarchy, which lasted for more than two thousand years, perished, then the society changed and the Republic of China opened. This is another story.

In this strong enthusiasm for learning, Wang Guowei took it lightly and devoted himself to philosophy, dismissing Zhang Zhidong's extravagant talk about the New Deal and holding Cixi's thigh.

"Clouds are often faint when they are unintentional, and rivers are gurgling when they are not competing." He satirized Zhang Zhidong's quick success and instant benefit in "Seven Laws of Miscellaneous Emotions", knowing that Zhang Zhidong is the big boss of Luo Zhenyu. A few years later, he criticized Zhang Zhidong for changing philosophy into reading classics.

Wang Guowei is a straight man.

1April 903, Wang Guowei was recommended by Luo Zhenyu to teach ethics and Chinese in Tongjiang Normal School founded by Zhang Jian. He translated foreign textbooks himself, and sometimes brought English into the classroom, which stunned the accustomed tribute students.

Haha, our master of Chinese studies is fashion!

Wang Guowei admires Zhang Jian's talent, but he doesn't agree with his "Abandoning a Temple to Establish a School":

"When this temple was built, it was not necessarily because of the material resources of society. The people who manage the monks' residences have been personal property for hundreds of years and are impregnable. It is desperate to catch all the weak and make them free of charge. Since monks say so, it is better than thieves. Isn't it sincere? "

Through this temple and school, Wang Guowei proposed that "life, property, reputation and freedom" are inviolable. This was not mainstream at that time, but today, my god, it's so advanced!

four

The most important thing is that the world can't stay. Zhu Yan's writing is beautiful.

During his six months in Tongzhou Teachers College, Wang Guowei studied Schopenhauer and Kant more and more deeply, and wrote his first philosophical thesis, Philosophical Argument. 1903 In August, Schopenhauer and Hande wrote in four-character archaic style, and The History of Western Ethics written by British ethicist Sallvik was translated, involving Plato, Aristotle, Darwin, Voltaire, Rousseau and Hegel.

Wang Guowei spends almost all his leisure time on writing. He wrote in "Two Occasionally Composed Poems": "Jade girl smiles brightly and reads strange books like me."

What? Jade girl-a beautiful girl ......

Needless to say, the jade girl here refers to the bright moon. And the wonderful books he read, in addition to foreign classics, also include A Dream of Red Mansions.

1904, Wang Guowei published A Dream of Red Mansions, which made him famous at home and abroad. Based on Schopenhauer's pessimistic philosophy and comparing Goethe's Faust, he pointed out that A Dream of Red Mansions is a cosmic masterpiece beyond Faust. The reason is that Faust's pain is the pain of genius, while Baoyu's pain is the pain of everyone.

"At the end of the day, the clouds hang down and the lonely geese fly against the wind." Everyone's life is to seek relief under heavy desire and pressure.

If Cao Xueqin saw this comment, he would be moved to tears for the bosom friend he met two hundred years later: "Wang Jing 'an still understands me! " "

At this time, Wang Guowei had resigned from the teaching position of Tongzhou Teachers College, and the Education World edited by Luo Zhenyu was published in Shanghai. Editing, writing and translation are all done by him alone, and he writes more than 70 thousand words every month. In addition, keep reading for three or four hours every day, and then squeeze time to write a book.

Great people have one thing in common, that is, firm self-discipline.

Through the window of "educating the world", Wang Guowei attacked the corruption in promoting learning and denounced "rewarding learning with officials". Schools should teach them to learn and pass on the truth. Don't take rotation as the only "right way" to be an official, and don't judge a person "only by academic qualifications".

At the beginning of abolishing the imperial examination, Wang Guowei made a sharp criticism on allowing adults and older scholars to receive primary education. Wang Guowei believes that when there is a serious shortage of teachers, universities and full-time schools should be set up while popularizing primary schools, so as to gather old talents and expand the teaching staff through training. Instead of driving all talented people back to primary school.

Now more than a hundred years have passed, looking back at Wang Guowei's point of view, it is still word for word.

Wang Guowei lived in exile all his life. 1February, 905, went to Jiangsu Normal School to teach with Luo Zhenyu. 1July, 906, went to Beijing with Luo Zhenyu as the general manager of the department. To put it bluntly, it is the compilation of the library. Although not an official, but also included in the palace gate.

Unfortunately, his father, who had been expecting him to be an official, passed away a few months ago.

Shortly after his father's death,1June, 907, Wang Guowei's wife Modi also died one after another. After ten years of marriage, the two have deep feelings and have three sons. Modi was pregnant again before Wang Guowei took office in Beijing. Wang Guowei is very happy that the baby is a pair of twin girls.

However, a few months later, my wife was dying of puerperal fever, and the two baby girls she gave birth to also died. Wang Guowei invited a famous doctor to stay in his wife's hospital bed for half a month, but failed to save Mo's life.

"Ran Ran Gao Heng's spring and dusk. A thousand miles to survive, one stroke to die. Nature is the spirit first, and there is nothing to say in the desolate sickbed. The past is long and detailed. See the afterlife and be afraid of future mistakes. Even if our alliance finally bears the burden, can we remember this life then? "

It is heartbreaking to meet my beloved wife in the afterlife.

A few months later, the bad news came again and the stepmother died. Successive blows made Wang Guowei once decadent. With his third son unattended, Wang Guowei married his cousin Pan Shi under the auspices of his mother-in-law and moved his family to Beijing.

five

The article has a good relationship and a good reputation.

If The Review of A Dream of Red Mansions is Wang Guowei's first academic glory, then among his numerous works, The Thorn on Earth is definitely the second. Most of this book was written in the autumn and winter of 1907 to the summer and autumn of 1908, which was the period when he lost three relatives in succession. In grief, he buried a book curtain and went up to the tall building alone.

He wrote in "Words on Earth": "Those who have achieved great things in ancient and modern times and those who have been asked by universities have gone through three realms: last night, the west wind withered the green trees. A person in a tall building can see the end of the world. So is this first place. I don't regret that my belt is getting wider and wider, which makes people haggard for Iraq. So is this second environment. Looking for him in the crowd, suddenly looking back, the man was there, dimly lit. This third situation is also. "

Needless to say, the achievements of this book, now almost everyone who loves Chinese studies has a copy. Perhaps he has anticipated that this book will have a huge social repercussions, so he wrote in the preface of thirty articles:

"Yu Yu in the word, although less than one hundred, but since the Southern Song Dynasty, in addition to one or two people, no one can ..."

Sure enough, the first characteristic of genius is self-confidence!

At the same time, Textual Research on Traditional Chinese Opera came out. After that, Wang Guowei turned to attack opera, which was also fruitful.

19110 When the GM of Xinhai broke out, Wang Guowei and his friend Luo Zhenyu moved to Kyoto, Japan to escape the war. The following year, Wang Guowei wrote "An Examination of Song and Yuan Opera" in just three months, which is one of his three great works.

Through textual research, he boldly revealed that Guan Hanqing's Dou Eyuan was not inferior to Shakespeare's tragedy. The publication of Textual Research on Song and Yuan Dramas has introduced China's drama, which has been neglected by the world, into the literary palace.

Living in Kyoto for more than four years is the most peaceful time in Wang Guowei's life. In the absence of any foreign affairs, he writes one or two books every month on average, such as Examination of Bamboo Slips in the Procuratorial Office, Examination of Sleeping in Tang Ming Temple, Slip of Quicksand, Jin Wen Ji of Song Dynasty, Introduction to Ancient Rites and so on.

Regardless of the academic field, he either doesn't study or learns to become an expert.

Mr. Lu Xun once praised Wang Guowei's quicksand: "If you want to talk about Chinese studies, it is also a book that studies Chinese studies. To talk about Chinese studies, Mr. Wang Guowei is also a person who studies Chinese studies. "

At this time, Wang Guowei was famous all over the world, and his life was still poor.

There are nine people in the family, mainly living on his manuscript fee and the salary to help Luo Zhenyu sort out the bibliography. On one occasion, his wife discussed with him about rice, but Wang Guowei still couldn't put it down. In a rage, his wife almost burned his book.

1965438+In February 2006, Wang Guowei returned to China.

The Qing dynasty died and the Republic of China opened. At this time, the richest man in Shanghai was the "Harbin couple", and Harbin Garden was a gathering place for celebrities and politicians. Husband and wife are arty, deceiving the world and stealing their names, and there is a university in the park. Mrs. Ha's male concubine even made up her mind about Cang Xie's Cang Xue on the grounds that "Cangjie created words".

In order to invite Wang Guowei to edit the magazine, they proposed to leave two luxury houses in the garden for Wang Guowei and his family to live in. Wang Guowei is proud, of course not. In his letter to Luo Zhenyu, he wrote: "If we can pretend to be snakes, we will be proud before Xinhai."

With his knowledge, if he was greedy for fame and fortune, he would have made a lot of money. But Wang Guowei was hired.

Children, don't worry. Wang Guowei didn't ask for money, but asked for the Oracle Bone Inscriptions rubbings collected in the garden. These are the treasures of Wang Guowei's research!

Wang Guowei declined the villa provided by the garden and asked for the magazine content to be arranged by himself. What nonsense "Cang Xue" resolutely not published.

In this way, he skillfully borrowed the resources of Harbin Garden, and compiled "An Examination of the First Duke and the Second King as Seen by Quinn Oracle Bone Inscriptions" and "An Examination of the Second King", which solved the history of Oracle Bone Inscriptions for more than 3,000 years. During this period, he wrote Guan Lin, which was highly praised by celebrities such as Liang Qichao and Guo Moruo.

six

A flower flew away, but it was spring, and the wind was so sad.

1923 On the occasion of Tomb-Sweeping Day, Wang Guowei suddenly received the "imperial edict" from the small court of Puyi, and he was appointed as the South Study Room. His official position is as high as five, which is equivalent to the current CPC cadres. His specific job is to serve the emperor and study.

The driving force behind this matter is Luo Zhenyu, who has already married Wang Guowei's children's in-laws. His third daughter married Wang Guowei's eldest son, and it was this relationship that became the fuse for their future break.

Wang Guowei was promoted to South School by Luo Zhenyu. Ironically, Puyi ordered him to serve every day, but in fact Wang Guowei rarely saw Puyi, and nothing happened, let alone the friendship between teachers and students.

It is a waste of academic life of scholars.

192465438+1October 7th, Puyi had a whim to give Wang Guowei a ride in the Forbidden City. In short, he can ride in and out of the Forbidden City. This incident really flattered Wang Guowei. It is not difficult to understand that people who have received such gifts since ancient times symbolize some kind of privilege.

But ..... At this time, the emperor of the Forbidden City went out by car, and the queen and the imperial concubine were learning to ride bicycles. What is riding a horse? !

1925165438+1October 5, Feng Yuxiang forced the palace, and Pu Yi was driven out of the Forbidden City. Wang Guowei was among his followers. He was deeply humiliated. In addition, Luo Zhenyu, the in-laws in the small court, competed for favor and gain, which made Wang Guowei inevitably fall into the political whirlpool.

All these made his heart extremely painful.

1925 February, a letter of appointment from Tsinghua University brought Wang Guowei a turn for the better.

Hu Shi pulled strings, and Cao Yunxiang, president of Tsinghua University, personally came to the door, pleading with Wang Guowei, a master of Chinese studies, to be the tutor of Tsinghua Research Institute. A few years ago, Peking University, the president of Kyoto University, Southeast University of Nanchang and Cai Yuanpei, offered an olive branch to Wang Guowei, but Wang Guowei did not accept it.

Now, with the embarrassing name of Teacher Puyi, Wang Guowei is even more worried about the Catholic Church. Finally, Tsinghua University paid three visits to the cottage, and Wu Mi, director of the preparatory office of the Institute, held a letter of appointment and made three bows at the door before inviting Wang Guowei out of the mountain.

Wang Guowei was moved beyond measure, and his family moved from 1925 to Tsinghua campus until April 18. Later, Tsinghua invited Liang Qichao, Zhao Yuanren and Chen Yinque to visit Tsinghua Research Institute. These are Tsinghua's four famous mentors.

It is adhering to the principle that "a university is not a building, but a master" that makes Tsinghua come from behind and quickly become an academic center.

Tsinghua treated Wang Guowei very well. He not only provided housing, but also paid 400 yuan a monthly salary, which was definitely a golden collar at that time.

This year, Wang Guowei was 48 years old and lived in a secluded place in Tsinghua, Shui Mu. Without the pressure of life, his six sons, two daughters and three sons have achieved academic success and have high-paying jobs. After running around for half a lifetime, he can finally catch his breath and concentrate on his studies.

But fate is not to follow.

The stable life lasted only one year. 1926 On September 26th, Wang Guowei's favorite eldest son died of illness at the age of 27.

Like a bolt from the blue, Wang Guowei fell into great sorrow, and people became depressed and almost collapsed. Just when he needed the comfort of his friends most, Luo Zhenyu and his in-laws didn't comfort Wang Guowei. But because of a little misunderstanding, I took my daughter home, which is Wang Guowei's eldest daughter-in-law.

It's understandable that Luo Zhenyu is distressed that her daughter is widowed, but it's rude to do so.

Poor Wang Guowei took great pains. He gave away all his eldest son's 3000 yuan pension. Luo Zhenyu not only refused, but also insulted Wang Guowei's personality by saying that the rich are not poor. Then a dear John letter came.

Wang Guowei said angrily, "I can't even afford a daughter-in-law? ! "

Friends of 30 years broke up.

In all fairness, although Wang Guowei received Luo Zhenyu's kindness, they complemented each other and perfected each other. Wang Guowei has made countless efforts in running education and compiling books and periodicals in Luo Zhenyu.

It can be seen that no matter how good a friend, don't get married.

seven

Since I left my arms, I have been looking for more. I have been sad and drowned in the scenery.

1927 In late spring and early summer, the Northern Expeditionary Army approached Beijing, and the atmosphere in Tsinghua campus was dignified. Liang Qichao heard that Jie Jiang had launched the "Qing D" movement in Shanghai, and was ready to "put all your eggs in one basket". Wang Guowei, who was depressed by nature, was even more depressed under the blow of losing his beloved son.

J's turmoil became a catalyst for his pessimism.

1at 8: 00 am on June 2, 927, Wang Guowei punched in as usual to explain the students' exam results and discuss the enrollment of next semester with his colleagues. At nine o'clock in the morning, he and his colleagues borrowed five yuan and hired a rickshaw to go to the Summer Palace. Stroll into the park and light a cigarette in front of the fish and algae pavilion. The world is complex, like clouds floating in my mind.

1 1, he left a cigarette butt and jumped into Kunming Lake.

A generation of masters of Chinese studies has fallen.

In fact, the lake is not deep. Wang Guowei plunged into the mud with the heart of death and suffocated to death. He wrote in his suicide note: "Fifty years, just one death. After this world change, shameless. "

Just in response to Yang Wanli's poem "How unlucky poets have been since ancient times", Wang Guowei was only fifty years old when he died, just in his prime. If his life were ten years longer, there would be more great inventions in the academic field.

Wang Guowei's death shocked both at home and abroad, as well as Luo Zhenyu in Tianjin. He wrote and directed Wang Guowei's play Martyrdom with guilt.

What "Wang Guowei knelt down to serve his country, but he was unable to return to heaven, so he respected Chen and prayed for holy lessons ..." He asked his fourth son Luo to imitate Wang Guowei's handwriting, forged a copy of "Yi Zhe" and put a high hat on Wang Guowei.

"Don't lower your ambition, don't insult your body." The spirit of defending independence and the idea of freedom with death are the real reasons for Wang Guowei's death! Later, it was rumored that Wang Guowei was forced to death by Luo Zhenyu, which was purely fabricated by Zheng, Luo Zhenyu's political opponent.

1On June 3rd, 927, according to Wang Guowei's wishes, Tsinghua Research Institute held a simple funeral for him. Chen Yinque stood in front of the spirit, kneeling three times and knocking nine times to say goodbye to his best friend, followed by Wu Mi, bowing down as a gift.

Many students were deeply moved and knelt down to say goodbye to the master.

1929 In June, on the second anniversary of Wang Guowei's death, a monument to Mr. Wang Jing 'an, designed by Liang Sicheng and written by Chen, was completed in Tsinghua campus. In a blink of an eye, over 90 years have passed. Now, when you stroll through the Tsinghua campus, you can still see this monument at the foot of the northern end of the first teaching building.

I often think that if Mr. Wang was born in the present age, would there be less tragedy?

However, "there is a generation of literature". The same is true of the times. Wang Guowei, who has long pigtails, has never worn leather shoes in his life and likes to eat braised pork, belongs only to his time. ......

August 3 1, 2065438, I finished it at home.

Bibliography: Biography of Wang Guowei Unique-Chen Hongxiang

Wang Guowei's Chronicle-Chen Hongxiang

Thirty Prefaces-Wang Guowei

Words on earth-Wang Guowei