1 problem-solving methods for argumentative writing in high school Chinese
1, argument (prove what)
Argument should be a complete expression of the author's point of view and a complete and concise sentence in form. Judging from the full text, it will be able to control the full text. The form of expression is often a judgment sentence expressing affirmation or negation, and it is a clear statement sentence.
A. grasp the argument of the article. Only one central argument (commander-in-chief's sub-argument) (1) is clear: there can be n sub-arguments (to supplement and prove the central argument).
⑵ Method ① Find from the location: such as title, beginning, middle and end. ② Analyze the arguments of the article. (It can be used to test whether the expected argument is appropriate) ③ Abstract method (only argument is divided, regardless of the central argument)
B. analyze how the argument is put forward: ① summarize the argument after putting facts and reasoning; ② Cut to the chase and put forward the central argument; (3) Propose topics according to the phenomena existing in life, and summarize the central arguments through analysis and discussion; (4) Narrating the author's experience and summarizing the central argument; ⑤ The author asks questions from the story, then analyzes and infers them step by step, and finally draws a conclusion and puts forward the central argument.
2. Argument (with what evidence)
(1) argument type: (1) factual argument (summarize after giving an example, and closely summarize the argument); (2) argument (quote famous words to analyze).
(2) The arguments should be true, reliable and typical (subject matter, country, ancient and modern, etc.). ). (3) Sequential arrangement (reference argument); (4) judging whether the argument can prove the argument; 5] Supplementary arguments (proof arguments).
3, argument (how to prove)
(1) demonstration method (must be four words) (1) illustration (example method) narrative of factual arguments (2) reasoning (introduction method and reasoning method) demonstration of rational arguments.
(3) Comparative argument (itself can also be example argument and reason argument) (4) Metaphor argument Metaphor is a metaphor in expository writing and a metaphor in prose.
⑵ Analysis and demonstration process: ① How the demonstration was put forward; (2) How the argument is proved (which truths and facts are used, and whether there are positive and negative analysis and reasoning); (3) Contact the structure of the full text, whether there is an abstract.
(3) Integrity of argument (A: Make the argument more comprehensive and complete, and avoid misunderstanding)
(4) The function of analysis and argumentation: to prove the argument in this paragraph.
2 college entrance examination Chinese argumentative answering skills
1, the function of the word
The form of the topic is generally "Can the word _ _ be removed and why?" Or "What is the function of the word _ _ in the text?"
Scoring basis: statement 1+ meaning 1+ action 1.
Answer format sentence (whether it can be removed)+basic meaning of words+contextual meaning (or reference content) in the sentence+function.
2. Expand the application problem.
The topic is generally "Please combine the content of this article with your own life reality and talk about what we should … (talk about your feelings or inspiration)?" .
Scoring basis: 1 Combining with this article+1 Connecting with reality life+1 In feeling or inspiration, the score is generally about 3 points.
There is a reference (topic or point of view) in the answer format. In fact, there are (life examples) in life, I think (enlightenment or insight).
Difficult problem
1, please add an argument around the article (or paragraph _ _).
Point: See clearly whether it is supplementary argument or factual argument. If there is no requirement, choose the type you think is simple to supplement. The argument should be true, reliable and typical (subject matter, country, ancient and modern celebrities/events, etc. ).
2. Analyze the argumentation idea (argumentation structure) of the article.
To be familiar with the common structure of papers, sort out the order from the perspectives of introduction (asking questions), theory (analyzing problems) and conclusion (solving problems).
In order to prove the viewpoint of …, the author first used the argument of … and then analyzed the argument of …, thus proving the viewpoint of ….
3 high school Chinese argumentative reading skills and routines
Argumentation structure
Basic structure: Introduction-Part I, raising questions.
This theory-the main part, analyzes the problem.
Conclusion-the last part, solving the problem.
Argumentation structure: juxtaposition-the level, paragraph and argument of the article are parallel and equal.
Step by step-the level of discussion is promoted and deepened step by step.
Total score formula-sum first and then divide.
Divide first, then close.
First add up, then divide, then add up.
The analysis structure has two key points: one is the analysis of paragraphs and levels, and the other is the application of analysis and demonstration methods.
When analyzing the paragraph level, first look at where the article completes the task of asking questions; Where to start analyzing the problem; Where to end, draw a conclusion. When analyzing problems, we should also pay attention to the application of argumentation methods. For example, some paragraphs focus on the use of factual examples, some paragraphs focus on quoting famous sayings and aphorisms, and some paragraphs focus on expounding Taoist thought. \^O^/ Note: The opening sentence of a paragraph is often the key, so we should firmly grasp it for analysis and cognition.
4 high school Chinese argumentative problem-solving methods
Required question type
1, find an argument
Argument is the complete expression of the author's point of view, and its expression form is often a judgment sentence that expresses affirmation or negation. Generally speaking, arguments can be found in the following ways:
(1) original text search, such as title, beginning, middle and end.
② Refine the arguments in the original text and synthesize them.
(3) Extract and summarize the relevant sentences that can express the center in the original text.
Note: after finding the central argument, don't forget to go back to the original text to find the argument and test whether the central argument is appropriate.
2. Demonstration method and its function
(1) demonstrate with examples.
The answer format adopts the method of demonstration, and … (summarizing examples) proves …, thus making the argument more specific and convincing.
(2) Demonstration
The answer format uses the method of reasoning, quotes the remarks of …, and effectively demonstrates the viewpoint of …, thus making the argument deeper and more convincing.
③ Metaphorical argument
The answer format adopts analogy, comparing … to …, which proves the viewpoint of …, thus making the abstract and profound truth vivid and easy to understand.
④ Contrastive demonstration
The answer format adopts the method of comparative argument, compares … with …, and highlights the viewpoint of ….