The reform of school education puts forward new goals and requirements for physical education teaching, but the current physical education teaching rarely considers the age and gender characteristics of students, and the practice density in physical education class is generally low, which is not conducive to improving students' physical and mental quality in an all-round way, and it is also difficult to mobilize all students' learning enthusiasm. Therefore, the reform of physical education teaching is imperative. Based on my personal experience in physical education for many years, this paper puts forward some reform suggestions on the objectives, contents and methods of physical education in junior middle schools.
Keywords:: junior high school physical education teaching objectives, contents and methods of reform proposals
1 the goal of physical education teaching
School physical education is mainly composed of physical education teaching and extracurricular sports activities. The task and goal of physical education teaching is to impart fitness knowledge and skills and carry out exercise teaching. The goal of extracurricular activities is to consolidate classroom teaching content, organize colorful activities, exercise and enliven students' lives and coordinate interpersonal relationships. Therefore, the goal of school physical education should be to promote the improvement and development of students' physical quality, cultivate sports interest, strong will and good social emotions, and form good interpersonal relationships. For every student, the following four goals can be achieved through physical education: ① Physical development. Have good adaptability, including physical and psychological ability to adapt to different environments, different climates and different positions, disease resistance and rehabilitation ability, and fatigue resistance; (2) acquire good sports skills, improve work and labor efficiency, and then improve the quality of life; (3) To master the scientific knowledge of fitness and health preservation and improve the intellectual quality; (4) Cultivate correct social emotions, form a sense of democracy, fairness and competition, and constantly discover, improve and realize yourself. To sum up, it is: comprehensively exercise to enhance physical fitness, master the basic knowledge, technology and skills of sports health, carry out ideological and moral education, and form a good personality.
2 the disadvantages of the current teaching content and methods
Middle school physical education includes theory and practice. The theory course is very abstract and profound, and the system is not strong. For example, it seems too early and profound to talk about the energy supply of ATP, CP, glucose and fat oxidation for junior one students. Practical courses include formation, basic gymnastics, running, jumping, throwing, skills, supporting jumping, horizontal bar, parallel bars, traditional national sports, basketball, rhythmic gymnastics and dancing. Physical education class is a physical activity class, and physical activity is based on physical quality and ideological quality. With different student bases, it is difficult for PE teachers to master the same teaching content. In addition, due to the limited conditions, the physical training class is greatly influenced by the venue, and the fosbury flop is essential. Basketball teaching should have a lot of balls and venues. In case of strong wind, heavy snow, heavy rain and strong sunshine, physical education class will change more freely. If the teaching content is not finished, students will not get physical exercise. Thus, physical education class became the "first lesson" of the school.
The Outline of Education Reform and Development in China clearly points out that primary and secondary schools should shift from "exam-oriented education" to the track of all-round development and improvement of national quality. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee further pointed out that "it is an inevitable choice for historical development to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education". The quality of workers directly affects the application of science and technology, and basic education is an important stage to improve the quality of workers. Physical education class must reform and adapt. In the past, some teachers were just "herding sheep" in class, because the goal was too low, and so were the students in the teacher's mind. The poor venue and equipment, the weather and other reasons made physical education class a mess. In the past, we neglected 12 compulsory courses stipulated in the textbook, and there were no elective courses and excellent practical courses. We only took several exams to cope with the teaching competition and teaching inspection, so the students learned little and practiced little. Therefore, the reform of physical education teaching is imperative.
3 Physical and psychological characteristics of middle school students
Junior high school students are in the second peak of growth and development, that is, adolescence. During this period, the students' bodies grew rapidly, their skeletal muscles developed rapidly, and their cardiovascular system and nervous system also developed greatly. The nerve excitation process is dominant, and they are quick and excited. However, the development of heart lags behind the development of motor system and nervous system, and their exercise endurance is poor and they are prone to fatigue. Especially with the rapid development of sexual function, new changes have taken place in posture, and the differences between boys and girls are more obvious. Boys have a deep voice, prominent Adam's apple and vertical development of beard and figure; When girls come to menstruation, their voices become louder, their breasts develop, their subcutaneous fat increases, and their bodies begin to develop horizontally. These physiological mutations have caused corresponding psychological and behavioral changes: First, because the body is full of metabolism, energetic, energetic, lively and active, and likes sports and competitions to express itself. Second, due to uneven physical development, poor central nervous system adjustment ability, clumsy, awkward, inflexible movements, easy dizziness and fatigue, things are often anticlimactic. Thirdly, because of the maturity of sexual function and the awakening of sexual consciousness, people begin to pay attention to the opposite sex, have curiosity and love to express themselves to attract the opposite sex. Fourth, the sense of adulthood comes into being and people gradually realize their body shape, and people begin to evaluate others and self-evaluate. At the same time, psychological contradictions are more obvious, such as the contradiction between independence and dependence, the contradiction between self-esteem and inferiority, the contradiction between resistance and submission, and the contradiction between ideal and frustration. These contradictions make them show extreme or rebellious psychology, so we should give them positive education and guidance, instead of hitting their self-esteem and damaging their personality.
Game teaching is a more appropriate method.
This sport follows very simple rules and gives people a lot of free space. You can control the difficulty and number of movements at will, such as double skipping, only jumping rope is allowed, and there is no limit on the direction of entry and exit and the number of jumps. The game of "net fish" stipulates to move within a certain range, but whether it is running in a straight line, a broken line or a curve, whether it is an emergency stop or a combination of running and jumping, as long as the runner is not caught by the pursuers, it is not restricted. One of the characteristics of the game method is that all participants are exercising, which ensures the density and intensity of the exercise; Second, the difficulty of the action is controlled by yourself. For example, "paste cloth", those who are fast and far from the pursuers can go around a few times, and those who are slow can be disposed of nearby; The third is to learn through practice. People who can't play games can play this game as long as they participate in an exercise. Learning efficiency is much higher than simply organizing students to learn. Its basic process is "practice-study-practice", which is practical and has many exercises, rather than "study-practice" like learning demonstration movements; Fourth, the game can be played in different climates and different venue conditions, with less external restrictions; Fifth, the game is rich in content and diverse in forms, which can enliven the atmosphere and improve the practice effect; Sixth, it can simplify the teaching content and improve students' interest. For example, basketball shooting practice, lowering the basketball basket to the height of 2.2 to 2.5 meters, allows students to shoot easily, and can also practice dunking, which is both a game and a teaching content, and students are willing to invest.
The application of game method in physical education class can arouse students' enthusiasm for sports; But when students go to physical education class in a lively time, they must concentrate and restrain their passion a little. At this time, they can concentrate on the game; Quality training is very boring, which can be adjusted by games, such as chasing ability, listening to signals, chasing reaction speed and action speed, "jumping deep" and leapfrog jumping ability. You can practice obstacle running and high jump with rubber bands of different heights. At the end, relax your limbs by dancing disco with music, or relax yourself by listening to the signal and laughing loudly.
You can also introduce sports games into class sports activities, such as skipping rope, mountaineering, small group competitions, etc., which can coordinate the relationship between students and enhance cohesion.
School-wide tug-of-war, ball games and challenge competitions can promote the change of school learning atmosphere, reverse underachievers, make them discover their own advantages and enhance their interest in learning; Aerobics, rhythmic gymnastics and sports dance are girls' favorite contents, which can promote physical development, show good posture and cultivate self-confidence.
The selection and training of amateur sports teams can also be carried out through competitions. Training is a hard and boring thing. If the means are not changed, it will easily lead to the pain of students and the decline of their grades. Through various forms of games, they can not only improve their physical fitness and sports skills, but also adjust their spirits and emotions and prevent sports injuries.
In short, the implementation of quality education should emphasize that every student has developed in every aspect and has his own special skills. The implementation of game teaching can attract students very well, and make them feel that because there are their own game partners, game venues, game organizers and participants in the school, they can constantly understand and evaluate themselves in the same activities, improve their ability to appreciate, express and create beauty, get exercise in happiness, and cultivate good ideology and morality. Therefore, in the stage of school physical education, especially compulsory education, during the formation of students' world outlook and outlook on life, and in the golden age of physical exercise, we should vigorously promote game teaching and use various effective teaching methods to promote students' all-round development.
refer to
1 general textbook of physical education institute. Sports psychology. People's Sports Press, 1996.4.
2 algae of thunder. Teaching methods of middle school physical education textbooks. Edited and published by Hunan Sports Science Editorial Department, 1998.6
3. General teaching materials of the Institute of Physical Education. School physical education. Higher Education Press, 1995.4
4 Liang Wenzhong and Xu. Required reading for quality education, 1997
There are others.
Speed Quality Practice —— On the Changes of Volleyball Serving Techniques and Tactics and Countermeasures: A Brief Analysis of the "Heuristic" Teaching Mode in Physical Education: Basketball Players' Rebound Consciousness and Its Cultivation: Biomechanical Analysis and Psychological Training of Athletes' Psychological Obstacles in Competition: My Opinion on the Reform of Physical Education in Junior Middle School: My Opinion on Stimulating Students' Interest in Physical Education Teaching: Reflections on the Physical Education Festival in Senior High Schools in Our County. The concept and significance of "Students' Sports Festival" —— Thinking and research on the current situation of sports life of residents in our city sponsored by enterprises. On the biochemical characteristics and training of 200-meter runners in physical education teaching —— How to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability. Analysis on the characteristics of modern physical education in primary and secondary schools. Analysis on the "heuristic" teaching mode of infiltrating mental health education in physical education teaching.
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