Technical paper on immunology-research on psychoneuroimmunology
Psychoneuroimmunology is a new frontier subject to explore the mystery of human psychosomatic health. It studies how the nervous system transforms psychological factors into physiological States that can affect health, especially how the brain and behavior affect the immune system and how they are affected by the immune system. Whether there is a real connection between the immune system and the nervous system has been controversial. Our laboratory has carried out the research on the influence of higher nervous activity on the immune system. The work includes: inhibition and enhancement of conditioned reflex immunity, emotional stress and immunity, psychological and behavioral intervention and cancer. These works not only prove that psychological adjustment such as signal stimulation, emotion and imagination can really affect the function of immune system, but also explore the related mechanisms.
Psychoneuroimmunology, conditioned reflex immunity, emotional stress, psychological behavior intervention.
Classification number B845
According to statistics, two thirds of human diseases are related to psychological stimulation and living conditions, among which psychosomatic diseases account for 1/3. In fact, the view that psychological factors can affect physiological factors is generally recognized by cultural groups in various countries. In other words, mind and body are interrelated. However, how psychological factors affect health and disease has always been a mystery. With the development of science, a new interdisciplinary subject-psychoneuroimmunology was born. It combines psychology, biochemistry, immunology, behavior, anatomy, molecular biology and clinical medicine, and studies how the nervous system transforms psychological factors into mechanisms that can affect health, especially how the brain and behavior affect the immune system and how it is affected by the immune system. These studies have opened a scientific window for understanding the role of mental activity in health and disease. People see the immune system, which protects the body from infectious diseases and tumors and is a bridge between the mind and the body. However, although many studies show that the nervous system can affect the immune system, many physiologists still believe that the immune system is an independent self-regulating system. In fact, this involves a long-standing controversial issue, that is, physical and mental separation or physical and mental interaction. This paper aims to clarify the role of psychological and behavioral factors in regulating immune function and its corresponding mechanism according to our own work. These works include conditioned reflex immunosuppression and enhancement, immune effect of emotional stress, psychological and behavioral intervention and cancer.
Study on Psychoneuroimmunomodulation of 1
1. 1 conditioned reflex immunosuppression and enhancement
Conditional reflex immunity is an important evidence that the central nervous system regulates the immune system. Since Ader and Cohen first published their work on Conditional Immunosuppression (CIS) in 1975, this experimental paradigm has been widely concerned. In this experimental paradigm, a solution that is new to the taste of experimental animals, such as saccharin water, is used as a conditioned stimulus, while immunosuppressants, such as cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine A, have gastrointestinal toxic side effects and are used as an unconditional stimulus, UCS). Then, when conditioned stimulus was given again, it was found that the subjects had the behavior phenomenon of conditioned taste aversion, and their immune function was obviously inhibited. The explanation of this phenomenon is controversial. Some people think that this is conditioned reflex regulation, and it is one of the important evidences that the central nervous system regulates immune function. Others think it may be the function of stress. Animal's aversion to saccharin water, that is, the establishment of taste aversion conditioned reflex, can not rule out the existence of stress to a certain extent, which will cause the increase of adrenocortical hormone, thus inhibiting immune function. It is further found that biological immunosuppressants with no obvious toxic effect can also establish conditional immunosuppression when used as UCS.
In the past, most researchers thought that the suppression of immune function caused by stress was mainly because stress could lead to the release of adrenocortical hormone, which led to the decline of immune function. In other words, the inhibition of immune function is related to the HPA axis activated by stress. However, using our emotional stress model, it is found that the suppression of humoral immune function caused by emotional stress is mainly caused by sympathetic nervous system. Adrenergic receptor mediated. This provides new data for clarifying the immunosuppressive mechanism of emotional stress.
3 Psychological and behavioral intervention and cancer
As the above research found, psychological factors such as emotion or conditioned learning can cause changes in animal behavior and immune function. We consider whether we can influence the immune function of cancer patients through psychological and behavioral intervention. Although it has been reported that cancer can affect patients' whole body by integrating psychological and emotional factors, the results are inconsistent. Growth strategies and social support are helpful to improve the quality of life of cancer survivors and increase their positive emotions. However, the research in this field needs further development. With the in-depth study of the interaction between central nervous system and immune system, there will be new prospects in maintaining human health and preventing and treating diseases.
Acknowledgement: The author thanks the post-doctors, doctors, master students and research assistants who have made important contributions to the research work of this paper. They are Wang Jianping, Li Jie, Shao Feng, Huang Jingxin, Chen Jihuan, Wang Weiwen, Ada, Zheng Li, Li Bo, Lv Qian, Satellite and Guo Youjun.
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