The word perfume used today comes from the Latin word "per fumus", which means through smoke. Perfume industry, or the art of making perfume, originated in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt and was further improved by Romans and Persians. Although perfume and perfume industry also exist in India, many of its fragrances are based on incense. The earliest distillation of Atal was mentioned in the Indian Ayurvedic document charaka Sassi Tower. Harshachar ita, written in the 7th century in northern India, mentioned the use of aromatic agarwood oil. The first recorded chemist in the world is believed to be a woman named na med Tapputi, a perfume manufacturer, who was mentioned on a cuneiform tablet in Mesopotamia in 2000 BC. She distilled flowers, oil, calamus and other aromatic substances, then filtered them and put them back in the distiller several times. In 2005, archaeologists discovered what is considered to be the oldest perfume in the world in Pilgos, Cyprus. These perfumes can be traced back more than 4000 years. These perfumes were found in an old perfume shop. At least 60 stills, The Mixing Bowl, funnels and perfume bottles were found in this 43,000-square-foot (4,000-square-meter) factory. In ancient times, people used herbs and spices, such as almonds, coriander, myrtle, conifer resin, bergamot and flowers. Al-Kindi (Alkindus), an Arab chemist, wrote a book about perfume in the 9th century, which he named "The Book of Perfume and Distillation Chemistry". It contains more than 100 kinds of aromatic oils, ointments, aromatic water and substitutes or imitations of expensive drugs. This book also describes the method and formula of 107 perfume manufacturing and perfume manufacturing equipment, such as alembic (it still has its Arabic name). Persian chemist ibn sina (also known as Avicenna) introduced the process of extracting oil from flowers by distillation, which is the most commonly used method today. He first experimented with roses. Before he discovered it, liquid perfume was a mixture of oil and crushed herbs or petals, which was a strong mixture. Rose water is more delicate and immediately becomes popular. Raw materials and distillation technology have greatly influenced the development of western perfume industry and science, especially chemistry. If we consider the monk formula of Santa Ma ria delle Vigne or Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy, the art of perfume has been widely known in Western Europe since 122 1. In the East, Hungarians produced a perfume in 1370. This perfume was made by mixing aromatic oil with alcohol solution at the order of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary, and it is famous for its Hungarian water. The art of perfume flourished in Renaissance Italy. In the 6th century, Renato il Fiorentino, Catherine de Medici's personal perfumer, brought Italian perfume to France. His laboratory is connected to her apartment through a secret passage, so that no formula will be stolen on the way. Thanks to Rene, France quickly became one of the European perfume and cosmetics manufacturing centers. Flower cultivation, which began in14th century, has become a major industry in southern France. From16th century to17th century, perfume was mainly used by the rich to cover up the body odor caused by not taking a bath often. Partly because of this sponsorship, the perfume industry was created. In Germany, Italian hairdresser Giovanni Paolo Feminis created a perfume called Aqua Admirabilis, which is famous for its cologne today, and his nephew Johann Maria Farina (Giovanni Maria Farina) took over the business at 1732. By the18th century, aromatic plants had been planted in the Grasse region of France, Sicily and Calabria of Italy, providing raw materials for the growing perfume industry. Even today, Italy and France are still the centers of European perfume design and trade.

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