1. empirical research: collect real data through experiments, observations or investigations, and use statistical analysis methods to quantitatively analyze the data to support the argument.
2. Literature review: Through the systematic review and summary of the existing research literature, the findings and viewpoints of the existing research are summarized, thus providing theoretical basis and background support for our own research.
3. Case study: Select a specific case or group as the research object, and conduct in-depth research on its characteristics, behaviors or decisions, so as to reveal the causes and mechanisms of specific phenomena and infer universal laws from them.
4. Quantitative analysis: using mathematical model, computer simulation and other methods to calculate and analyze the data, revealing the relationship and influence between variables.
5. Qualitative analysis: Non-numerical data are collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, observation and other methods, and the data are interpreted and analyzed by using content analysis, thematic analysis and other technologies.
6. Historical comparison: Through the comparative study of cases in different periods, different regions or different cultural backgrounds, the similarities and differences supporting the argument are found.
7. Statistical model: Establish a mathematical model or statistical model to model and predict the data to support the inference and prediction of the argument.
8. Laboratory research: control and operate variables in the laboratory environment, and conduct experimental research to verify hypotheses or theories.
9. Network analysis: using computer technology and data analysis software to analyze large-scale network data and reveal the laws of network structure and relationship.
The above just lists some commonly used research methods and data types, and the appropriate methods and data should be selected according to the nature, purpose and feasibility of the research problem.