1, narrative (1) can be classified into content and expression: ① simple narrative. ② Complex narrative.
(2) From the different points of writing objects: ① Narratives written by people are the main ones. (2) Narrative narrative.
(3) Narrative based on landscape writing. (4) Narrative mainly tells things.
(2) Explanatory text: a style that takes explanation as the main expression and is used to introduce or explain the state, nature, structure, function, production method, development process, reasons, merits and demerits of things. 1, the classification of expository texts can be divided into objects (contents): ① expository texts of substantive things.
(2) explanation. (3) scientific essays.
From the language expression, it can be divided into: ① plain and explanatory words. (2) literature expository.
2. The characteristics of the explanatory text: (1) The content is scientific. (2) The structure is clear and organized.
(3) There is strict accuracy in language. (3) Practical writing: Practical writing is a practical style that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study, and has a certain format, short length, simplicity and popularity.
1. writing type of practical writing: (1) letters: general letters, special letters (thank you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, letter of introduction, open letter, confirmation letter, application, proposal, proposal, invitation letter), telegrams and remittances. (2) Notes: diaries and reading notes.
(3) Official documents: orders, decisions, notices, circulars, motions, reports, requests for instructions, replies, opinions, letters and minutes of meetings. (4) Publicity category: advertising draft, speech draft, blackboard newspaper, news, communication and product manual.
(5) Notice category: apocalypse, poster. (6) Etiquette: invitation, greeting (congratulatory letter, telegram), telegram and condolence letter.
(7) Deed of house: receipt, loan note, receipt, loan note, leave note, etc. ), contracts (agreements) and conventions. (8) Biography: Biography, local chronicles and family history (school history, village history).
(4) Argumentative essay: Argumentative essay is a common style that directly expresses the author's views and opinions through facts and arguments. (1), classification of argumentative papers: classified by content and purpose: ① general political papers.
Two comments. Prose (essays, essays, notes).
4 after reading. According to the way of argumentation: ① Make a paper.
2 refute the paper. If the composition in the examination room does not have a clear style, it will definitely deduct a lot of points! ! ! Grading standard for senior high school entrance examination composition: Grade 1: 45-50 (the center defines the true and healthy content of thoughts and feelings), Grade 2: 37-44 (the center defines the true and healthy content of thoughts and feelings), Grade 3: 30-36 (the center basically defines the true and healthy content), Grade 4: 265,438+0-29 (the center does not specify that thoughts and feelings are not true enough). The grading standard of senior high school entrance examination composition includes three aspects: content, language and structure, and each aspect includes five grades.
When marking the paper, the marking teacher first reads the full text, draws sick sentences and typos, evaluates the grade according to the advantages and disadvantages of the above three aspects, and then refers to the scoring table to get the score. Then deduct the scores of typos, punctuation, writing, words and so on, and finally the actual score of the composition.
The content should be specific, healthy and clear, the language should be fluent, there should be no sick sentences, and the structure should be complete and detailed. Knowing this, candidates can write compositions based on it.
This is the first question. Moreover, it is human nature that the teacher who is marking the paper braves the hot weather and hundreds of people crowd together to watch it for ten days from morning till night.
If you look at this composition neatly written, punctuated correctly, and it seems that a person is neatly dressed, with straight eyes and a good natural impression, then the fidgety mood will be relieved and replaced by a good mood. On the other hand, when I look at the rolled noodles, I will be annoyed if I wipe them one by one, just like a big face with scrawled handwriting.
This mood of ups and downs will inevitably affect the marking of the marking teacher. This is another psychological problem score note: 1. The content, language and structure all have the same conditions, and the upper limit score of this kind of volume can be obtained; If you have two conditions for this volume, and the other one belongs to the lower limit, you can get the middle score of this volume; If one condition of this kind of volume is satisfied and the other two items belong to the lower limit, the lower limit score of this kind of volume can be obtained.
2. About language barriers: Language barriers here refer to obvious grammatical, rhetorical or logical errors. 3. Less than 600 words, every 50 words deducted 1 minute; Deduct 2 points for missing a question.
4. If there is a real place name or my name on the test paper and the school prompts, the test paper will be handled by the marking leading group. Write (5 points) neatly, and standardize the scoring standard of 5-point college entrance examination composition: 50 points for basic level, the first category (50-4 1), the second category (40-3 1), the third category (30-2 1), and the fourth category (20 The structure is chaotic, the language is fluent, the language is fluent, there are many fonts, the handwriting is neat, the handwriting is clear and scrawled, which generally meets the stylistic requirements, and generally meets the stylistic requirements, but does not meet the stylistic requirements. The development level is 20 points, profound, rich, literary, innovative, 1, and the essence is deepened through phenomena. Rich material 7. Vivid language, flexible sentence pattern 10, novel conception, fresh materials and ingenious conception 2. Reveal question 5. Full image 8. Good at using rhetorical devices 1 1. Unique in reasoning and imagination. An inspiring point of view. Far-reaching artistic conception 9. Meaningful sentences 12.
Meeting the stylistic requirements refers to meeting the stylistic requirements selected by candidates according to the meaning and content of the questions. 2. The development grade score is based on 12, which is not comprehensive. Those who stand out from others will be graded equally until they reach full marks.
3. Deduct 2 points for missing topics; Deduct 1 minute for each typo, and repeat.
2. Detailed explanation of the style format of Chinese composition The so-called "style" refers to the narrative, argumentative, explanatory and commonly used practical articles mentioned in the examination instructions.
"Conforming to the stylistic requirements" first refers to meeting the stylistic requirements specified in the examination questions. The college entrance examination composition requires a clear style, or specifies a certain style, such as writing a narrative or an argumentative essay, which candidates cannot change at will; Or exclusive, such as "any other style except poetry".
Candidates can write many styles without stepping into the restricted area. Even writing prose, novels and other literary genres can be regarded as the expansion and extension of narrative. Secondly, it means that the written articles meet the stylistic requirements selected by the candidates themselves. In recent years, the popular topic composition is not limited in style, which is one of its greatest characteristics.
"Weakening the style" means not to restrict the style too much, but to emphasize the comprehensive use of various expressions, rather than ignoring the style requirements. The test questions are not limited in style, giving candidates the freedom to choose. However, candidates who choose to write argumentative essays should write according to the requirements of argumentative essays, and those who choose to write argumentative essays should follow the rules of prose writing, not handwriting, which is neither irrelevant nor unlike.
Narrative should have six elements, argumentative argument should be clear-cut, prose should be scattered in form but good at spirit, and explanatory text should pay attention to explanation methods. Of course, you don't usually write expositions during exams. As for the epistolary diary, it is several articles arranged together in the same format as the epistolary diary.
3. What kinds of narratives are there in the style of China's articles? It is a style with narration as its main form and description of characters experience and the development and changes of things as its main content.
Narrative is an article used to describe things. Time, people, place, cause, process and result of events are six elements of narrative. Generally speaking, an article with narrative and description as its main form of expression is called narrative. Explanatory article: Explanatory article is an article genre that gives people knowledge by explaining things and clarifying things as the main expression.
It explains the characteristics, essence and regularity of things by revealing concepts. Poetry: Poetry is a literary genre with emotion as the mainstay. It reflects social life in a lyrical way, is highly concise and concentrated, and expresses thoughts and feelings with rich imagination, rhythmic language and line-by-line arrangement.
Poetry is a rhythmic, rhythmic and colorful language art form, and it is also the oldest and most basic literary form in the world. Argumentative essay: it is a style of analyzing and commenting on a certain issue or thing and expressing one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions.
4. Chinese writing, what are the writing styles, and what are their writing steps? 1. Stylistic knowledge Stylistic knowledge includes narrative, argumentative, explanatory and practical writing.
(1) Narrative is a style with narrative and description as its main forms and characters, narrative, scenery and objects as its main contents. 1, the classification of narrative (1) is divided into content and expression: ① simple narrative ② complex narrative (2) differences of writing objects: ① narrative mainly written by writers; ② narrative mainly written by scenery; ④ narrative mainly written by objects; (2) descriptive articles mainly expressed by descriptions, which are used as an introduction.
1, the classification of expository writing can be divided into description object (content), description of substantive things, explanation of events, explanation of scientific essays, language expression, characteristics of expository writing (1), highly scientific content (2), clarity of structure (3), strict accuracy of language (3) and practicality of writing. 1, practical writing type (1) letter, general letter, special letter (thank you letter, commendation letter, condolence letter, introduction letter, open letter, authentication letter, application, proposal, invitation letter), telegram, remittance (2) notebook, reading notes (3) formal notice. Meeting Minutes (4) Publicity advertisements, speeches, blackboard newspapers, news, newsletters, product brochures (5) notices, posters (6) Etiquette invitations, greetings (congratulatory letters and telegrams), condolences (7) deeds (receipts, IOUs, receipts, IOUs and leave slips).
(1), argumentative essays are classified according to their contents and purposes: ① general political essays; ② comments; ③ essays (essays, essays, notes); ④ post-reading feelings are classified according to the way of argumentative essays; ① establishment of essays; ② refutation of essays. Literary genre (also known as literary genre) refers to four major literary genres: poetry, prose, drama and novel. (1) Poetry is the earliest literary style in human society. (2) Prose refers to a literary genre (1) juxtaposed with poetry, drama and novel. Types of Prose ① Narrative prose: prose mainly about remembering people and narrating (mainly about narration and lyricism) ② Lyric prose: prose mainly about expressing the author's feelings ③ Argumentative prose: prose mainly about reasoning.
(4) other genres (1) fairy tales: a genre of children's literature (2) fables: stories with admonition or irony (3) fairy tales (4) folk stories (5) legends (6) memoirs (5) dramas.
5. Entrance Examination for Postgraduates Majoring in Chinese Writing and Encyclopedia Full-time Translation
Chinese Writing and Encyclopedia Examination Outline
First, the purpose of the exam
This examination is a professional basic course for the entrance qualification examination of full-time translation masters, and all language candidates answer questions in Chinese. According to the results of this exam and the total scores of the other three exams, the admissions colleges choose the candidates who will take the second round of re-examination.
Second, the nature and scope of the examination.
This test is a standard reference level test to test candidates' encyclopedic knowledge and Chinese writing level. The examination scope includes encyclopedic knowledge and Chinese writing level stipulated in this syllabus.
Third, the basic requirements of the exam
1. Have a certain background knowledge of Chinese and foreign culture, politics, economy and law.
2. Have a strong basic knowledge of modern Chinese as a mother tongue (a language).
3. Strong writing ability in modern Chinese.
Fourth, the examination form
This exam combines objective questions with subjective questions, and single skill test with comprehensive skill test, emphasizing candidates' encyclopedic knowledge and Chinese writing ability. Please refer to the "List of Examination Contents" for the classification of examination questions.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) exam content
This exam consists of encyclopedic knowledge, practical writing and proposition composition. Total score 150.
First, encyclopedia knowledge
1. Examination requirements
Candidates are required to have a certain understanding of Chinese and foreign cultures, domestic and foreign politics, economy, law, Chinese and foreign humanities, history and geography.
2. Type of problem
Ask candidates to explain 25 nouns that appear in short essays on different topics and involve the above content. 2 points for each noun, with a total score of 50. The examination time is 60 minutes.
Two. Practical writing
1. Examination requirements
In this part, candidates are required to write an applied article of about 450 words according to the information and scenes provided, including explanations, meeting notices, business letters, memos, advertisements, etc. , concise, professional, technical and practical.
2. Type of problem
The examination paper provides information, scenes and writing requirements for practical writing. * * * 40 points. The examination time is 60 minutes.
Three. thesis writing
1. Examination requirements
Candidates should be able to write a modern Chinese essay of not less than 800 words according to the given questions and requirements. Genre can be expository, argumentative or practical. Writing requires fluency, proper wording, reasonable structure and proper style.
When, beautiful writing.
2. Type of problem
The test paper gives scenarios and topics, and the candidates write according to the prompts. * * * 60 points. The examination time is 60 minutes.
Answer questions and grade.
Candidates are required to write on the answer sheet with a pen or ballpoint pen.
List of Chinese Writing and Encyclopedia Knowledge Examination Contents
Quantity Question Type Question Quantity Scoring Time (Minutes)
1 encyclopedia knowledge 25 multiple-choice questions 50 60
2 practical writing a practical writing, about 450 Chinese characters 40 60
6 Proposition Composition An 800-word modern Chinese article 60 60
* * * Electricity meter: 150 180