How do college students face pressure? The first part: About the psychological pressure of college students; Abstract: With the popularization of university education in China and the impact of financial turmoil on the world economy, the employment difficulty of college students has not only become a serious social problem, but also caused great psychological pressure to non-graduate students. This paper analyzes the employment psychological pressure of non-graduate students, and puts forward that the employment psychological pressure of non-graduate students should be alleviated through their own adjustment and the cooperation of universities. Keywords psychological pressure on college students' employment With the establishment and improvement of China's socialist market economy and the deepening of the reform of the employment system for college graduates, the employment situation of college students has changed greatly. Especially in recent years, the number of college students in employment has reached a new high, reaching 20 10 and 7 million, which has aroused widespread concern in the whole society and caused great psychological pressure on non-graduate students. Psychological problems of college students, such as inferiority, apathy, depression, weariness of learning, compulsion, revenge and even suicide, are all related to the psychological pressure faced by college students to varying degrees.
First, the influence of employment on the psychological state of non-graduate college students. With the increasing saturation of social posts in the popularization of university education in China and the serious negative impact of the financial turmoil on the world economy, college students are facing increasing employment pressure. Riding a horse to find a horse? The phenomenon has become a thing of the past, and more college students are beginning to think about how to find a job first. Alive Work. According to a set of data released by Guangdong University Graduates Employment Conference on March 19, 2009, as of March 10, the signing rate of undergraduate graduates, junior college graduates and graduate students in Guangdong Province was 7.6 1, which was more than 50% lower than the same period in 2008. The employment of college students has become one of the topics often discussed by many experts and scholars, which will inevitably have some influence on the psychology of non-graduate students.
1, afraid of employment psychology.
Although non-graduate college students have not directly faced graduate employment, the topic of difficult employment in society and the employment situation of seniors will make them fear their future employment. Especially in recent years, some college graduates are still stuck in colleges and their vicinity because they miss campus life and are more afraid of employment pressure. Freshman? They either live in the dormitory with the next students or rent a house near the school. Their words and deeds will have an impact on non-graduate students and aggravate their fear of employment.
2. The generation of weariness.
Most non-graduate college students are favored by the past, and they have hardly experienced the growth process? Storm? Coupled with the lack of practical social experience, with the increasing difficulty of employment, especially some college students see that some of their former high school classmates who have not been admitted to college have already found jobs first. When they demand too much for their future jobs, they will be deeply troubled and even unable to extricate themselves, resulting in feelings of loss, injustice, depression and so on, which will lead to the idea of being tired of learning or even dropping out of school. At the same time, with all kinds of information becoming more and more open, non-graduate students are more familiar with all kinds of employment channels. Many non-graduate students have noticed that it is an important employment channel to find a job by social connections, and the work units found by relationships are also better, which makes some college students keen to create various social connections during their college years, such as internship in employers? Create social relationships? On the contrary, they pay little attention to professional knowledge.
3. The generation of inferiority complex.
Some college students have low self-evaluation and low level of knowledge and ability. Especially when I found that one of my seniors was not hired for various reasons, my inferiority complex was even more serious. In study and life, some college students lack self-confidence, are too cautious, timid and indecisive, and slowly begin to lose courage. They are pessimistic, disappointed, depressed and withdrawn. They feel that they are inferior to others in everything and dare not participate in various competitions.
Second, college students' self-adjustment psychological pressure in the face of employment is actually not terrible, it is an inevitable existence in human life. In fact, after entering the society, everyone will face psychological pressure, as China said? Everyone has a hard experience? Although everyone's pressure is different. As a transitional period from school to society and as a platform to exercise themselves, college students should also learn how to face psychological pressure. In psychology, there is an evaluation theory, that is, when an individual knows something, he will use the old experience in his mind to explain the newly input information and evaluate it, thus producing emotional experience. It can be seen that whether an individual's experience of things is positive or negative depends on how to understand things. And things always have two sides: right and wrong, good and bad, gain and loss, you have me and I have you. Look over the ridge to a mountain peak? . Therefore, psychologists warn us that individuals should pay attention to seeing problems from multiple angles when they know, think and evaluate objective things. If viewed from a certain angle, it may lead to emotional experience and psychological stress. At this time, as long as you can change your perspective, you will often see another scene, and the psychological pressure will be solved. For the pressure of employment, non-graduate college students should also learn to use this method to learn to decompress themselves.
During school, college students should consciously strengthen their psychological preparation for employment, strive to improve their psychological adjustment ability for employment, and prepare for a smooth employment in the future. The author believes that college students should first adapt to the changes in the real job market, abandon negative factors such as anxiety, conceit, inferiority or aloof, calmly proceed from reality and strive to enrich themselves based on reality. Secondly, strengthen their psychological endurance, actively participate in various competitions, learn to overcome various difficulties with tenacious will, and establish a strong sense of reality, optimism, firmness, self-confidence and self-esteem. To cultivate a good employment mentality again, we should avoid alienation, comparison, perfection and quick success. We must also overcome the bad psychology of impatience, anxiety, inferiority, dependence and unfairness, correctly understand ourselves, identify our interests, determine our advantages, and clearly cut into the starting point of society. Finally, learn to treat all kinds of unfair phenomena that may be encountered in the process of employment correctly and learn to actively safeguard their rights and interests.
Thirdly, it is a systematic project that how colleges and universities can play a role in alleviating the psychological pressure of non-graduate students' employment. In addition to the students themselves, colleges and universities should also actively participate in creating an atmosphere and creating an environment to help them cope with stress events.
1. Colleges and universities should guide college students to establish a correct concept of career choice. Under the current severe employment situation, college students should first consider integrating into society and exercising themselves in a down-to-earth manner. If you feel that your company is not suitable for your own development after working for a period of time, you can re-choose your career. With the rapid development of science and technology and the arrival of economic globalization, the upgrading of knowledge and products has been accelerated. At the same time, there are more and more employment opportunities, the threat of unemployment is also growing, and occupations and positions change more frequently. Colleges and universities should help non-graduate students gradually establish the concept of employment first, career choice later and career later. At the same time, by holding some seminars and lectures for outstanding graduates, college students are encouraged and supported to work in the western region, grassroots, rural areas, small and medium-sized enterprises and other places that may make college students make great achievements.
2. Colleges and universities should provide psychological counseling for college students in time. Non-graduate students, while actively facing the psychological pressure of employment, sometimes show bad employment psychology such as anxiety, inferiority and comparison, which will affect their healthy growth and smooth employment to a certain extent. Therefore, it is an inherent requirement of higher education to do a good job in college students' psychological counseling, which is of great practical significance to alleviate the psychological pressure of college students' employment and promote their healthy growth. The author thinks that colleges and universities can exert a purposeful and positive influence on college students' employment cognition, emotion, attitude and behavior in a planned and systematic way by offering activity classes of employment psychological counseling and combining group counseling with individual counseling.
3. Colleges and universities should focus on improving the quality of personnel training. At present, one of the crux of the employment difficulties of college students in China lies in where did colleges and universities learn it? Elite? Education direction? Popular? In the process of educational transformation, the talent training mode has not changed in time, which is out of touch with social needs, resulting in oversupply of many professionals. Colleges and universities should take the initiative to adapt to the development and changes of social economy, take employment as the guidance, establish correct talent training objectives and formulate scientific and reasonable talent training programs. In the process of education, we should carry out quality education in depth, enhance the interactivity of teaching activities, give play to students' subjectivity, initiative and creativity, update teaching content, enhance the interactivity between education and teaching and society and the times, strengthen practical teaching, cultivate high-quality applied talents with innovative consciousness and practical ability on the basis of consolidating theoretical knowledge, and reform the examination and evaluation system. Only in this way can we really relieve the psychological pressure of non-graduate students' employment and enhance their ability and confidence in facing employment.
refer to
1. An analysis of the psychological stress of left college students in choosing a job was published in Knowledge Economy,No. 1 No.20 10.
2. College Students' Psychological Stress and Coping Strategies written by Wang Chengde, Kang and Duan, Social Science Edition of Gansu Union University, No.2, 20 10.
3. Liu, Liu, wrote "The Causes and Countermeasures of College Students' Psychological Stress", published in the sixth issue of Modern Business in 2009.
How do college students face pressure? Part II: Talking about the pressure of nursing students.
With the development of medicine and the improvement of people's quality of life, people have a new understanding of the connotation and extension of health. Due to the fast pace of life, fierce competition and tense interpersonal relationship, people feel strong pressure and tension, which may lead to sub-health of body and mind. Nursing work is the judgment and treatment of existing or potential health problems. The object of nursing work is patients or healthy people. The nature of nursing work determines that nurses must always face patients, family members, doctors and other health workers. All these factors will put pressure on nursing staff. Nursing students (hereinafter referred to as nursing students) often face various pressures during school and clinical practice, which affect their physical and mental health and practice effect [1]. Admi of 1997 pointed out that undergraduate nursing students often face various pressures during clinical practice. If it can't be handled well, it will affect its clinical work ability and even shake its decision to engage in nursing work [2]. This paper summarizes the stress research of nursing students and nursing students in practice, so as to guide students to take appropriate measures to reduce or alleviate psychological stress, maintain physical and mental health, and improve the effect of study and practice.
1 pressure introduction
/kloc-ClaudeBemard, a French physiologist in the 20th century, first proposed that human beings are inherently stable, and if the relationship between the internal imbalance and the external environment is destroyed, it may lead to diseases. In 1950, HansSelye linked stress with illness, so it is clear that stress can lead to physical and mental illness. Lazarus and Folkman put forward the theory of cognitive stress in 1984, which has become a widely used applied theory in the study of occupational stress and stress management. Then the pressure theory developed rapidly and began to be applied to practice.
The fundamental connotation of stress is not only related to the individual's perception of external stimuli, but also related to the individual's ability to meet needs. People will experience all kinds of pressures in their life, such as work, study, interpersonal conflicts, bad environment and so on. When people encounter pressure, they all have different ways to adapt, and their adaptability varies from person to person. Mild stress can stimulate the nervous body and improve people's work performance. Once the stressor is released, the body system returns to a relaxed state. Continuous high-level pressure exhausts the energy and energy used to adapt and adjust the pressure in the body, which leads to imbalance of the body and physical and mental diseases.
2 the pressure of nursing students
2. 1 Stress of nursing undergraduates
2. 1. 1 Employment In recent years, China's higher nursing education has developed vigorously, and a number of highly educated nursing staff have been trained. In employment choice, college nursing students generally have no advantage over undergraduate nursing students. Some hospitals only consider practicality and are unwilling to hire college students. Other hospitals unilaterally emphasize academic qualifications, which are not needed by non-undergraduate students. So, junior college students are in employment? Are you going to answer it or not? An embarrassing situation. This is the biggest pressure faced by college nursing students.
2. 1.2 sense of social value: all nursing students in their student days thought their profession was noble and respected? Angels in white? . However, after participating in clinical practice, it is found that many doctors, patients and their families are biased against the nursing profession, thinking that doctors are skilled and knowledgeable people, while nursing students only follow the doctor's advice mechanically and are only attached to medical treatment, which makes nursing students feel that nurses' social status is low, they are not respected and valued, and they feel worthless.
2. 1.3 further study with the increasing demand for knowledge in society, more and more junior college students understand that college education is far from meeting the requirements of society and needs further study, at least? College? . They are also under pressure in the process of upgrading from university to undergraduate. Some students' families are more difficult and unable to pay? College? Learning expenses; Some don't know? Employment first and then promotion? Or? Promotion before employment? What choice to make between; Some people also worry that after employment, due to the shortage of clinical nursing staff, nurses work in three shifts and do not have enough time to study.
2. 1.4 other nursing students know that there are still many interpersonal relationships to be dealt with in social work, such as teachers in rotation department, patients and their families, interns, etc. , leading to interpersonal pressure. The reform of employment system has pushed every student to the market, and nursing students have to work while studying. Practice opportunities are precious, there is a lot of knowledge to learn, and there is a lot of pressure to find a job. All these pressures weigh heavily on the nursing students at the same time. If it is not relieved and eliminated in time, it will inevitably cause mental and psychological tension of nursing students, which will easily cause physical, psychological and spiritual harm in the long run.
2.2 The pressure of undergraduate nursing students
Preparing for and taking the exam: A survey in Cao Ying shows that? Preparation and examination are the biggest stressors for nursing undergraduates? [3]。 The research results are similar to those of other authors: examination is an important stress event in students' study, and the influence of examination pressure on students is continuous in time, and examination pressure has become the biggest stressor for young people who are suitable for school. Clarke's research also shows that the biggest stressor of undergraduate nursing students is the requirement of learning [4].
2.2.2 Distribution students regard choosing a suitable career as a major event in their whole life journey. Graduates' job selection has become a prominent problem, and graduation distribution is the second biggest stressor for undergraduate nursing students.
2.2.3 Social views on this major At present, medical treatment plays a leading role in the health service system. The low social status of nursing work, poor mass image and slow professional development have become the main reasons for the shortage of nurses.
2.2.4 Other study workload, things that can't be done due to lack of time, competition with other students, and inability to sleep on time are also important stressors for undergraduate nursing students. Students' economic status and teachers' evaluation have also become the main stressors for students. Many students come from remote areas with poor economic conditions and high school costs. Economic problems have also put great pressure on students. Teacher's evaluation is often closely related to graduation assignment, so it becomes a common source of stress for students. Admi research shows that teachers' supervision and evaluation are significantly related to students' stress level. The stressors of undergraduate nursing students in different grades are also different. For freshmen, the workload of study is the most important stressor. The content of daily study, the way of setting questions in exams and a person's acceptance of knowledge have also become the main stressors. Because freshmen have just entered the medical school from high school, the knowledge and methods of learning are very different from those of high school. Students need to adapt to new learning contents and ways. Moreover, these students' academic performance in middle school is among the best in their classes, and it is easy to feel pressure on new learning needs. In the second and third grade students, their ability to accept knowledge and their arrangement in the class are also important stressors [2]. 2.3 The pressure of nursing students in practice
2.3. 1 knowledge and skills requirements Nursing students came to the hospital for internship from their accustomed campus study life. In addition, the patient's situation is ever-changing. Many students are worried about how to deal with emergencies, afraid of making mistakes, and unable to effectively apply what they have learned in class to clinical practice, which has caused great psychological pressure on students. So what is the biggest pressure for nursing students to practice? Need for knowledge and skills? .
2.3.2 The gap between school teaching and clinical needs is related to the current education system. At present, many students have good theoretical knowledge and test scores, but their ability to solve problems, integrate theory with practice and practice is poor, resulting in high scores and low energy. Yang Xinyue pointed out in the article "Discussion on the disconnection between basic nursing teaching and clinical practice" that students who study theoretical knowledge in school enter clinical practice, which constantly reflects that what teachers teach is different from what they do in clinic, while clinical teaching teachers reflect that school teaching is too cumbersome and mechanical, and some learning contents have been used or eliminated in clinic, and the gap between learning and application is too large.
2.3.3 Contact with infectious diseases and daily work In clinical nursing work, nursing work is considered as a dirty, tired and stressful occupation. Contact with infectious diseases and daily work has become an important stressor for nursing students [9]. However, some studies show that 59. % of nurses in China have a high degree of job fatigue [6].
2.3.4 The evaluation of other clinical teachers, patients and their families has also become a common stressor for nursing students.
3 countermeasures
Coping is a kind of demand for people to relieve internal and external pressure through continuous efforts of consciousness and behavior and evaluation of personal ability, and it is a process of relieving psychological pressure. After people encounter stress, they often reduce the stressors through emotional adjustment or stress therapy [7]. Accepting reality is the most commonly used coping style for students, and doing what the school expects and blaming yourself are also the most commonly used coping styles for students. Liang's research shows that the number of girls who adopt negative coping style is obviously higher than that of boys, because girls are more sensitive, shy and imaginative, and are unwilling to express themselves when confused [8]. Trying to solve the status quo alone and trying to change the status quo are also two common coping styles. The university stage is the stage of students' psychological development towards maturity, and most students can face the pressure bravely. Other common coping styles, such as telling your classmates or family about your feelings; Looking for a better way, looking at the positive side of things, comparing with people in the same situation, and thinking about the successful cases that students have done are also the coping styles that students often adopt. According to Lazarus and Folkman, optimism and seeking support are common coping styles [7].
4 management countermeasures
Individuals face all kinds of problems and challenges from birth to death. Therefore, coping activities to change the stress environment and protect one's health and survival exist in almost all aspects and stages of life. For the administrators of internship students, they should not only impart knowledge to students, but also instruct students how to face and cope with pressure, so as to keep students healthy physically and mentally and successfully complete clinical practice and study.
4. 1 Guide students to take positive coping styles to relieve stress. Negative coping style will increase the intensity of stress, which is not conducive to physical and mental health. Effective coping is the key to relieve psychological pressure. Jalowiec divides coping styles into eight types, including optimism, support, self-reliance, courage, conservatism, obedience, emotion and avoidance. Optimistic coping is considered as the best coping style, followed by supportive coping style. Teachers should pay attention to understanding and observing students' psychological state, give correct and reasonable guidance in time, and make students take positive and effective ways to cope with stress.
4.2 Reasonably and effectively arranging the internship plan and reducing students' learning burden is the key to slow down students' psychological conflicts and maintain students' psychological healthy development. It is necessary to know the situation from clinical teaching teachers and internship students at any time, conduct questionnaire surveys regularly, find out the problems existing in the internship in time, modify the internship plan, solve the problems in time, and increase the internship effect. For example, according to the suggestions of clinical teachers and students, we can increase the practice time in operating room and emergency room, and try to arrange special practice guidance teachers and clinical teachers to complete clinical practice guidance together.
4.3 Increase students' practical opportunities, carry out curriculum reform, integrate some courses, and increase recess and clinical practice time. We can arrange for students to learn new technologies in clinical practice, shorten the gap between classroom teaching and clinical practice, cultivate students' ability to solve problems independently, practice with hands and integrate theory with practice, and enable students to apply their theoretical knowledge to clinical practice.
Since 1985, nursing education in China has developed very rapidly. At present, more than 90 medical colleges have set up higher nursing education, forming a multi-level education system such as technical secondary school, junior college, undergraduate course and graduate student, which has trained a large number of professionals for the development of nursing. Nursing students at different levels have different reactions to various events in their study and life during their clinical practice. It is one of the important tasks of nursing educators to understand the stressors of nursing students at different levels and guide students to take appropriate measures to alleviate or alleviate psychological pressure, so as to maintain physical and mental health and improve the practice effect. At present, there have been some studies on the stressors and coping styles of nursing students in China, but there is still a lack of relevant research on the reasons for the differences between undergraduate nursing students and specialist nursing students, which should be solved in future research.
References:
[1] Cao Ying Hong Xiang et al. Investigation on stressors and coping styles of nursing undergraduates during clinical practice. Chinese Journal of Nursing.2001,36 (7): 49 1? 494
[2]AdmiH。 Nursing students? Stress during the initial clinical experience. Journal of female teacher education,1997,36 (7): 323
[3] Dai. Investigation and analysis of stress and coping style of nursing undergraduates. Journal of Nursing Science. 2000, 13 (3): 166? 168
[4] Krakowa, temporary nurse, 1992, 1(3):35
[5] Chen Meili, Cai Xinling, et al. Discussion on related factors of nurses' turnover intention in medical center. Rong Zong Nursing .2000,5 (11): 60? Sixty-nine
[6] Liu Yanjun, Li Xiaomei. Investigation on job stressors and job burnout of nurses. Chinese Journal of Nursing.2000,35 (11): 645? 649
[7]LazarusRS，FolkmanS。 Stress, evaluation and thinking. New york: springer1984,89
[8] Dong Shi, lin li, Liang Jun, et al. Study on the correlation between defense style and coping style and mental health of senior high school students. China Journal of Mental Health: 1999, 13 (3): 146.
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