Pronunciation lè yáng zǐ qī: and
[Edit this paragraph] Original text of Yang Le's son and wife.
Henan Leyangzi's wife doesn't know He's daughter.
The sheep tasted the road, got a golden cake and returned it to his wife. The wife said: "I heard that people with lofty ideals don't drink the water that steals the spring, and honest people don't eat the rice they get." What's wrong? " The sheep was ashamed, but donated money to the wild and asked the teacher to learn.
After going home for a year, his wife knelt down and asked him why. The sheep said, "It doesn't make any difference if you think about it for a long time." The wife pointed a knife at the machine and said, "This kind of weaving was born from the cocoon and formed on the loom. A little tired, even inch, tired, became a horse. "
If we stop knitting today, we will lose success and waste time. Master accumulates learning, and when he knows his death, he is also virtuous; What's the difference if you go back to the middle? "Sheep son regrets his own words, after the end of this industry, it has been seven years.
(from the Book of the Later Han Dynasty)
Translated "Zi Wife"
Le Yangzi's wife in Henan county is the daughter of a person who doesn't know her surname.
On one occasion, while walking on the road, Yang Zi found a piece of gold lost by others and took it home to his wife. The wife said, "I heard that ambitious people don't drink water from stolen springs, and upright people don't accept food given by others in an arrogant and rude way, not to mention picking up things lost by others for personal gain and tarnishing their morality!" " Hearing this, Yang Zi was ashamed, so he threw the gold into the wild and went out to study as a teacher.
A year later, Yangzi came home, and his wife knelt down and asked him why he came back. Yang Zi said, "I have been away for a long time, and I feel homesick. Nothing special. " Hearing this, the wife picked up a knife and walked quickly to the loom and said, "These silks are all born from cocoons and woven on the loom. Only by accumulating one silk at a time can you reach an inch long, and by accumulating one inch at a time, you can become a horse.
Now, if we cut off these silk fabrics being woven, we will lose the chance of success and delay the waste of time. If you want to accumulate knowledge, you must' learn things you don't understand every day' to achieve your virtue; What's the difference if I come back halfway and cut this silk? "Yang Zi was moved by his wife's words and went back to finish his studies, so he didn't come back for seven years.
[Edit this paragraph] Word explanation
(1) "Henan", the Han Dynasty attacked the Qin system, and the local counties were divided into counties and counties. County, equivalent to a first-class administrative region. Henan county is now the northwest of Henan province.
(2) "Give your wife back" should be pronounced "Give your wife back" (give it to your wife when you get home).
(3) The "food of the past" was originally written as the "past" in the Book of Rites Tan Gong. Come and eat (hey, come and eat) "is what the rich call the hungry to eat, which smacks of contempt for the hungry."
(4) "defile his behavior" means defile his behavior.
5 "donate", abandon, abandon. At present, this meaning is only kept in idioms, such as "dying for our country".
⑥ "Kneeling", the ancients sat on the floor, and when kneeling, the waist was straight to show respect.
⑦ "without it" originally refers to snakes. In ancient times, people lived in caves and were troubled by snakes. Ask "don't take it (snake)" when you meet. Later, it was transformed into "nothing".
⑧ "Made on the loom" is woven on the loom. "Machine" originally refers to the loom. Shuttle on the plane.
Pet-name ruby "tired inch by inch", say it backwards, and keep accumulating inch by inch.
Attending "if", if. Today, the Chu language is preserved.
1 1 "donation loss", that is, loss, is a two-syllable word composed of two synonyms. Donation also means "loss".
12 "Accumulate learning" to accumulate knowledge.
13 "the day knows his death", The Analects of Confucius, Zhang Zi: "Xia Zi said:' The day knows his death, and the month does not forget his ability, so it can be said that he is eager to learn. ”"
14 "What's the difference between broken silk and woven silk?" You have to say it backwards, too, which is different from cutting silk.
15 "feel his words", he wants to say the opposite and is moved by this sentence.
16 "Return to the Final Business", the following is "Seven Years Without Rebellion". Wives often bow their heads to support their aunts, feed sheep far away, and then turn to other things.
17 "a piece of gold left behind", a piece of lost gold [edit this paragraph]
This article is a biography. Through two short stories, it praises the noble character and extraordinary talent of Yangzi's wife. Two paragraphs of Le Yangzi's wife, whether in the past, present or future; But also has far-reaching significance to people of different nationalities, political views, cultures and religions. She warned people: to be a man should have noble character and perseverance.
1, Le Yangzi's wife not only refused to accept the gold that her husband found, but also persuaded her husband with the allusion that "a man with lofty ideals doesn't drink the water that steals the spring, and an honest man doesn't eat the rice that comes from it", and further pointed out the harm of greedy for small profits and losing big festivals, which made Le Yangzi very ashamed. When he realized his mistake, he changed and went far away to find a teacher.
2. Le Yangzi's wife's personal experience that she must be "successful" in knitting over time shows that learning must be invested and persevered, and finally it boils down to "If you return to the middle road, why not knit another one!" Le Yangzi was deeply moved by his wife's convincing words, and finally "get down to business".
[Edit this paragraph] Author and background of the article
Ye Fan (Ye Fan, 398-446 AD) was born in Yang Shun (now Xichuan East, Henan Province) in the Southern Dynasties. After the Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, Fan's family moved (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Ye Fan was an outstanding historian in Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties, and also the author of the famous historical book "The Book of Later Han Dynasty". ) General Guan Zhi Zuo Wei, Prince James. In the 9th year of Yuanjia, Song Wendi (432), Ye Fan began to write the Book of the Later Han Dynasty because he failed to stay in Xuancheng as a satrap. In the 22nd year of Yuanjia (445), he was killed for treason. He wrote ten biographies and eighty biographies. The ten goals of the original plan have not been completed. This edition of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty has eight records and thirty volumes, which are taken from the Book of the Later Han Dynasty by Liang Sima Biao of the Southern Dynasties.
This article is excerpted from Biography of Women in the Later Han Dynasty, and only takes the first half of this biography, so the word "biography" is not added in the title. Biography of Lienv records 16 people, all of whom were famous ladies in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The purpose of biography is to praise "female virtue". This article writes that it was very valuable at that time to help her husband Lide achieve his studies.
Early experiences of aristocratic families
Ye Fan was born into a famous aristocratic family. Gaozu Wei, who was the secretariat of Yongzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty, was General Zuo Jia. Great-great-grandfather Wang Fan joined the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was promoted to general Jin and secretariat of Xu Yanzhou, and was promoted to marquis of Xing Wu county. Grandfather Fan Ning successively became a magistrate in Linhuai and Zhang Yu. Father Fan Taishi was promoted to assistant minister of Zhongshu, but when Huan Xuan was in power, he was deposed and moved to Dantu. Emperor Wu of Song took control of the real power of the Eastern Jin government after he rose up and destroyed Huan Xuan in Jingkou. Fan Tai was reused as a doctor in Guo Zi, a satrap in Nanjun and an imperial adviser. When he was a satrap in Dongyang, he helped Emperor Wu of Song defeat Lu, and was promoted to Zhenwu General because he opened a grain warehouse and sent thousands of troops. Since then, Fan Tai has been deeply trusted by Emperor Wu of Song and has been promoted repeatedly. He has served as assistant minister, minister of history and general post. After the Song and Jin Dynasties, Dr. Jin Jinguang was worshipped as a constant waiter and was promoted when he was young.
Ye Fan's family has a true family tradition. Wang Fan is well-read and good at talking about Ming and Li, and he has written 20 volumes of Shangshu, Fan Family Biography 1 volume, Sacrifice 3 volumes, Fan Dongyang Fang 105 volume, Medical Chess Book, and Preface to Seven Nine Kinds of Books 1 volume. Fan Ning wrote one volume of Shun Dian, ten volumes of Notes to Shangshu, ten volumes of Miscellaneous Questions in the Book of Rites, sixteen volumes of Collected Works, especially twelve volumes of Interpretation of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Liang Dynasty. Fan Tai also has 24 volumes and works such as Collection of Ancient and Modern Good Words. Influenced by his family, Ye Fan was eager to learn from an early age. He was very talented and smart. Therefore, before he was an adult, he was famous for his extensive knowledge and good writing style.
Ye Fan was seventeen years old in the 10th year of Yi Xi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 4 14), and was recruited as the main book by the state secretariat. At that time, Ye Fan, like his father Fan Tai, supported Emperor Wu of Song politically, so he refused to take office. Six years later, in 420 AD, Song Wudi proclaimed himself emperor and changed his name to Song. This year, the 23-year-old was called to join the army for the champion in the house of Liu's son, and then the right army joined the army. Since then, he has served as a foreign soldier lang of Shangshu, a supervisor of Shangshu, a secretary of Jingzhou Xincai, a magistrate, a middle lang of Shangshu and an official lang.
In the winter of the ninth year of Yuanjia (AD 432), Wang, the mother of Liu Yikang, the secretariat of Pengcheng, Yangzhou, died of illness. Liu Yikang called the old man home to help arrange the funeral, and Ye Fan was there. Ye Fan was very sad when Liu Yikang's mother passed away. One night before burial, it was his brother Fan Guangyuan's turn to be on duty, and Ye Fan invited a friend to hide in the house and drink. When he was slightly drunk, Ye Fan forgot his interest, so he opened the window and listened to the elegy to help him drink. Liu Yikang was very angry after this incident came out. After some slanderous remarks, Song Wendi sent Ye Fan to Xuancheng (now Xuancheng, Anhui Province) as a satrap.
This downgrade is a great stimulus to Ye Fan. The ups and downs of his official career aroused some hidden pains in his childhood. Although Ye Fan was born into a noble family, he was an illegitimate child of a concubine. From Yongjia onwards, the Jin Dynasty treated the common people as slaves, and their wives met concubines like maids (volume 15 of Elvis Presley Wild Guest Series). The difference between ordinary people and ordinary people is an insurmountable part of bureaucratic families, which also determines the social identity of their children. Ye Fan's mother gave birth to him in the toilet and grazed his forehead, so she left a small word "brick". Fan Yan, the brother of his first mother, was jealous of his talent, calling him "Li Jing" and thinking that he was a scourge of destroying the family. Father Fan Tai didn't like Ye Fan either, so he adopted him to his uncle Fan Hongzhi very early. The expansion of honor and disgrace and the ups and downs of official career made Ye Fan feel very depressed. As soon as Xuancheng took office, he began to edit the Book of the Later Han Dynasty in an attempt to alleviate this pain. The study of historical events broadened his horizons. Ye Fan later said, "This is not a history book, and Zheng Heng thinks it is incomprehensible. Since the founding of the later Han Dynasty, it has been unified. " In other words, after comparing many unanswerable questions in the original reality with historical experience, he gradually sorted out some clues. Based on his personal understanding of historical issues, Ye Fan wrote his famous historical book "The Book of Later Han Dynasty". This year, he was thirty-five years old.
Outstanding achievements in the history books of the later Han Dynasty
The history of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty covers the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty 196 from the first year of Liu Xiujianwu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (AD 25) to the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an, Emperor Xiandi of Han Dynasty (AD 220). Fan Yeyuan intends to write ten biographies, ten records and eighty biographies. He entrusted Xie Yan to write Ten Volunteers. Xie Yan was involved in the internal struggle of the ruling class and was killed with Ye Fan on charges of rebellion. Ye Fan's draft chronicle and preface are missing. Later generations, when commenting on the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, praised the Book of the Continued Han Dynasty written by Sima Biao of West Jin Man, and took eight records to make up for it, so this record is still called the Book of the Continued Han Dynasty.
Ye Fan once said that the purpose of compiling the Book of the Later Han Dynasty was "to discuss the things in the book, with the gains and losses of the positive generation". In this way, it is clearly stated that writing history serves politics, which can be said to be the first person in history. Therefore, Ye Fan attached great importance to historical theory. He commented on historical events in the form of praise, focusing on historical theory, which became a major feature of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Ye Fan also inherited Sima Qian's compiling thought of "connecting the past with the future". In many prefaces and discourses, he broke the restriction of dynasties, described the occurrence, development and result of a historical phenomenon as clearly as possible, and tried to summarize it. Although, most of the internal relations he found were superficial, and some were even wrong. However, this historical research method is desirable to explore the changes of ancient and modern times from the development of historical situations and summarize the laws of historical development. For example, in the preface to the Biography of Danggu, Ye Fan discussed in detail the changes of taxi style from the Spring and Autumn Period to the end of Han Dynasty: during the Warring States Period, he emphasized strategy and respected scholars, thus inducing many people to make profits by clever argument; The simplicity and generosity of Emperor Gaozu aroused people's light death and heavy righteousness, and resentment must be rewarded; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty advocated Confucianism, and there were disputes within the party and dissidents. When Huan Ling was in power, eunuchs were in power, which led to the popularity of Qingyi. He believes that "the best is the worst, and it is natural to overdo it." This shows that Ye Fan saw some historical phenomena developing to the opposite of contradictions, and tried to summarize them with "rationality". In the preface to the Biography of Dang Gu, Ye Fan also used four groups of contradictory things to compare the contradictions faced by Dang Gu, and expounded the author's simple dialectical thought, which was rare in previous history books.
Ye Fan thought about the genre of the later Han Dynasty. According to Sui Shu Wei Biography, when writing a book, the biographical style and chronological style were compared. He said: "The Spring and Autumn Annals is short because it is always short and pithy, and it has a good rapid formation. Today, people plan to write them. Ji Chuanti, the change of Shi Ban, also caught a generation, and it is appropriate to learn after learning. This is excellent, so I will do it. " This shows that in his view, writing history in biographical style can reflect the true colors of history more comprehensively than in chronological style, and can provide more things for future generations.
The History of the Later Han Dynasty mostly followed the ready-made styles of Historical Records and History of the Han Dynasty, but in the process of writing, Ye Fan made some innovations and changes according to the specific characteristics of the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty. First, he added Empress Ji after Emperor Ji. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, there have been six queens. It is reasonable to write down their activities in the form of discipline, and it can also accurately reflect the political characteristics of this period. Secondly, seven biographies of Danghu, eunuch, Wen Yuan, viceroy, Fang Shu, Yimin and Lienv were added to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Ye Fan was the first historian to write biographies for women in biographical history books. What is particularly commendable is that the seventeen outstanding women collected in Biography of Lienv are not all chaste daughters, and there are also talented women Cai Yan who do not meet the ethical standards. Ye Fan's Biography of Wen Yuan grasped the development trend of literature in the Han Dynasty and put the literature with the lowest status in the four books of Confucius in its proper position. In addition, the History of the Party and Biography of Eunuchs were established to reflect the characteristics of a generation and summarize the great events of a generation. Third, The Book of the Later Han Dynasty highlights the status of "theory" and "praise". Sima Qian, Ban Gu and Chen Shou all comment on history in their works, but their specific names are different. Historical Records is called Taishi Gong Yue, Hanshu is called Zan, and The History of the Three Kingdoms is called Review. The importance of "Comment" and "Praise" in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is far above that of the first three books, because Ye Fan not only used this form to comment on historical facts, but also summarized a historical figure or event and repeatedly analyzed it from several aspects, which played a role in explaining this biography. The "theory" in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty generally refers to the theory behind the biography, and almost every article has one or more. The theory of order in theory, also known as the theory of sequence, precedes Ji and Zazhuan. Most of them are comments on historical issues and historical figures, sometimes in the form of fables or emotions. There is a praise at the back of every biography, which is written in four-word verse, or summarizes historical facts, or has new ideas, which can make up for the shortcomings. The language of praise is concise and profound. For example, the praise of Ji in the Ji of Emperor Guangwu summarized the political events in different stages of the establishment, development and decline of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Looking at the nine praises together, it is simply a brief political history of the Eastern Han Dynasty written in rhyme. In Biography of Hu Guang, the author wrote a history of the promotion of an unblemished bureaucrat who sought accommodation through sexual intercourse, praising: "Gong Hu is brave and good at fighting, respectful and handsome. Although Juck Zhang makes sense, the correctness is still radial. " Reveal the author's accusation and indignation against such characters.
The books of the later Han Dynasty are well-structured and orderly arranged. For example, biographies of eighty biographies are generally arranged in chronological order. The first three volumes are the man of the Han Dynasty. The next nine volumes are emperors, generals and important generals in Guangwu era. Volume 13 to Volume 42, the characters at the beginning of the volume lived in the Ming, Zhang and san huang periods and were combined by similar lines or lineages. Eleven volumes of celebrities in Anshun period, followed by Huan, Ling and Xian. Sixty-six to seventy-four volumes are biographies of Jiupin officials, and the last six volumes are biographies of border people. In addition, the rigor of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is also manifested in Ye Fan's ability to adhere to the principle of "one thing is not two years". If one thing is related to several people, you will see it here. After careful editing, the book does have the advantages of Liu Zhiji's "concise and thoughtful, sparse and not leaking" (Shi Tong added). At the same time, the description method used by Ye Fan is also very distinctive. He combined people with the same personality into a biography, and sometimes even broke the time limit. Wang Chong, Wang Fu and Zhong Changtong, although they also merged into one biography in different times, were indifferent to honor and disgrace because of the controversy. This greatly increases the capacity of the book and creates opportunities for many people with good character but few deeds. For example, Zhuo Maozhuan included the stories of five non-Wang Mang officials, including Kong Xiu and Cai Xun, while The Story of Origin attached the stories and life experiences of 17 people who opposed the abolition of the Prince.
Ye Fan is basically an atheist. In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, he lashed out at the fallacies of Buddhism. These viewpoints mainly focus on the theory of Biography of the Western Regions. He pointed out that since Zhang Qian, there was almost no record of Buddhism in the Western Regions, and all kinds of so-called Buddhist statements were later. Although Buddhism's doctrine of "loving benevolence and killing evil, cherishing our goodness" is attractive, its methods are various, especially the theory of immortality and karma, which makes it difficult for sensible people to accept it. In Xiang Kai Zhuan and Huan Di Ji, Ye Fan also satirized and criticized Han Huan Emperor who believed in Buddhism. Ye Fan opposed the theory of destiny. In the Biography of Li Tong, he commented on Li Tong's divination of "Liu Fuxing, supplemented by Li" and encouraged the beginning of an affair: "Heaven's life is hard to say, but love is speculation, madness is innocent, and the nation is destroyed, so that both merits and demerits are obtained!" This shows that Ye Fan doesn't believe in prophecy at all. He also included Zhang Heng's Zhang Hengchuan Anti-divination. Zhang Heng cited a large number of historical facts and demonstrated the deception of prophecy. Ye Fan recorded this in detail and agreed. Interestingly, he combined Wu Xiong, Zhao Xing and Chen Bojing in Guo Gongzhuan. Wu Xiong and Zhao Xing didn't believe in wizards, so they made a demon ban. III was not punished by the clan, but became an official. But Chen Bojing stepped on his knee and denied the word "death", but he couldn't help but take a knife to see it. Ye Fan demonstrated the absurdity of the taboo of Yin and Yang through historical facts. The atheism and anti-destiny thoughts in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty are undoubtedly progressive. Due to the limitation of the times, Ye Fan's atheism thought is not thorough. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty reflects this ideological contradiction. For example, in Biography of Dou Wu and He Jin, he compared the failure of Dou Hehe with that of others, revealing the viewpoint that "wisdom is not insufficient, strength is sufficient, and defeat is also possible". The Book of the Later Han Dynasty preserved some superstitious records, especially in the Magic Biography, in which he vividly described Fei Changfang's shrinking ground, Wang Qiao's wearing shoes, Zuo Ci's herding sheep and singing, and Guo Xian's baking wine to put out the fire, as if there were demons on earth. These are all negative factors in Ye Fan's thought.
The progressiveness of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is also reflected in the courage to expose dark politics, sympathize with and praise justice. In Biography of Wang Chong, Biography of Wang Fu and Biography of Zhong Changtong, Ye Fan collected eight articles attacking current politics in detail. Most of these articles promote heresy, such as boldly blaming the ruling class for social unrest. They said that the cruel monarch always thought that his rule was very stable when he saw that everyone dared not go against his will. Therefore, in order to satisfy personal desires, anything can be done. He sent bureaucrats such as "hungry wolves" and "hungry tigers" to various places to "endure the cream of the world and destroy the bone marrow of outsiders". As a result, "the resentment is dull, and the disaster comes from one place. China is harassing, Siyi is invading, falling apart and leaving in succession. ". These articles exposed the luxury and corruption of the ruling class, saying that "a hundred buildings are full of fields, and thousands of maids are in vain", and "the meat of three animals is smelly and inedible, and the mellow is inedible". It is also believed that some relations between the monarch and his subjects are relations between subjects and between conquerors and conquered people. In addition to expressing his heretical thoughts through the mouth of the ancients, Ye Fan also directly expressed his dissatisfaction with the monarch's abuse of power and waste of manpower in the Biography of Dou Xian: "Dong Fangshuo said: If you use it, you will be a tiger, if you don't use it, you will believe it! With this statement, there are still people who are pregnant with dust and do not support it! " On the one hand, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty exposed the strength of the Fisherman, on the other hand, it praised the middle and lower classes who were strong and upright and not afraid of violence. In the Biography of Party Insanity, he made a biography of 2 1 individuals and highly praised their integrity. He also wrote letters to James Zhang, Fan Pang, Mars and others vividly, and integrated into the author's feelings. Regrettably, although he sympathized with the people's sufferings, he opposed the peasant uprising. Ye Fan basically held a negative attitude towards the Yellow turban insurrectionary, which was determined by the class position.
As a historian, Ye Fan attached great importance to literary talent, and he spoke highly of the articles in Hanshu. Indeed, Shu Fan's prose is beautiful, concise and fluent, which is not only a historical masterpiece, but also a literary masterpiece. However, in some places, Ye Fan is too heavy-handed, which inevitably leads to the loss of record history. For example, Sima Biao's "Continued Han Dynasty" states: "Seo Woo is the prefect of Wudu, starting from the county, with thousands of grain stones, 8,000 salt stones and 33,000 households. In three years, 80 rice stones and 400 salt stones were returned to the people. The number of households is10,000, and the people give enough, and there is no county. " "More than 30 miles to the east, there is a gorge. The middle spring gave birth to a big stone, which blocked the water flow. Every spring and summer, there is no autumn harvest, which is bad and defeated. Xu is to let people burn the stone and fill it with water, and the stone will crack. There is no danger of drowning because the stone has been removed. " The historical materials are informative and vivid, but in Ye Fan's works, there is only "burning stones and logs for dozens of miles, boiling water". And the words "in 2003, it increased to more than 40,000 households, and salt rice was abundant and cheap, ten times as much as before".
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty was written privately by Ye Fan, but it was not completely completed. Therefore, few people saw this book before his death, which had little impact.
By nature, honesty and frankness are stifled.
In the early years of Liu and Song Dynasties, the term of office of local officials still inherited the six-year system of Jin Dynasty. In the 15th year of Yongjia (AD 438), Ye Fan left Xuancheng and was transferred to Changsha as the long history of Wang Zhenjun, under the command of General Ning Shuo.
The following year, Ye Fan's first mother died in Yidu. At that time, his brother Fan Ming served as a satrap in Yidu. My first mother has been with me in the office since my father died. According to the moral code, Ye Fan should leave for mourning at once. But he had no feelings for his first mother, so he refused to go on the road and was forced to follow behind, taking his wife and children with him. He was impeached for a series of violations of etiquette. Song Wendi admired Ye Fan's talent and didn't convict him.
Since then, from the 17th year of Yuanjia (AD 440) to the 21st year, Ye Fan's official career has been relatively stable for more than five years. He once served as the commander-in-chief of Shixing Queen and led the satrap of Nanxiapi. Shixing Wang was transferred from Yuzhou to Jiankang (now Nanjing) as the secretariat of Yangzhou and entered Beijing with him. Soon, he was promoted to general, in charge of some imperial troops and Prince Zhan, whose position was equivalent to that of a minister. Ye Fan is versatile. Besides being knowledgeable and good at writing, he is also proficient in music and calligraphy. But Ye Fan was insolent and refused to obey the supreme ruler. He plays the pipa very well and can write new songs. Song Wendi wanted to listen, and repeatedly hinted that Ye Fan pretended to be confused and refused to play for the emperor. At a banquet, Song Wendi directly asked Ye Fan, "I want to sing a song. Can you accompany me? " Words to this top, Ye Fan had to obey orders. As soon as Emperor Song and Yuan finished singing, he stopped playing and refused to play another song. Yu, He Shangzhi, Xu Zhanzhi, Shen and others, who held important positions in the imperial court, were all jealous of his talent and unwilling to be favored by the emperor. Although Ye Fan didn't please the emperor, he was honest with his colleagues. At that time, Shen was a right-back, but was not allowed to travel. They kept it a secret. Every time I appear before the Emperor, if Fan Ye arrives first, I will wait for the arrival of Shen Yan and go in together. And his colleagues have never been hostile to him, trying their best to crowd out, attack or even frame him. As Shen entered North Korea, he never had the habit of waiting. Soon, Ye Fan saw through the sinister intentions of his colleagues and wrote an article "He Xiangfang" to mock them. According to the characteristics of his colleagues, he compared some of them to "taboo" musk and "plain" jujube paste; Some people compare them to "Huohuo" which is empty and dry, and "Zhan Tang" which is wet and dry. , and Ye Fan with "body is one and" to metaphor. When the "Lotus Fragrance Workshop" came out, my colleagues did not tolerate it. In the officialdom full of traps, Ye Fan didn't know how to protect himself, which eventually led to a fatal disaster. Liu Yikang, the king of Pengcheng, has been in power for a long time and his power is increasing day by day, so he is suspected by Song Wendi. As time goes on, the contradiction between brothers becomes more and more fierce. In the 17th year of Yuanjia (AD 440), Song Wendi punished and exiled Liu Yikang's cronies, such as Liu Zhan and Liu Bin, and removed Liu Yikang from his post of Zaifu, and was demoted to Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) as Jiangzhou secretariat. After Liu Yikang arrived in Zhang Yu, unwilling to fail, he stepped up his activities and prepared to seize power.
In the 21st year of Yuanjia (AD 444), several confidants of Liu Yikang planned a coup. Because Ye Fan mastered the imperial army, gained a good reputation, and worked as an official under Liu Yikang for many years, he became the object of their concern when he was netting his henchmen. They wooed Ye Fan in various ways, and Liu Yikang repeatedly apologized to him for the fall of Xuancheng. At first, Ye Fan refused to participate, and the other party used the court to refuse to get married. Considering his own situation, Ye Fan finally joined. They agreed to the uprising in September the following year. Kong Xixian, a henchmen of Liu Yikang, wrote a campaign in advance, asking Ye Fan to draft a coup declaration in the name of Liu Yikang. For various reasons, the coup failed to be held as scheduled. This year 1 1 month, Xu Zhanzhi, a member of Liu Yikang, tipped off Song Wendi, claiming that Ye Fan was the mastermind of the coup. As a result, Ye Fan was arrested and killed in the 22nd year of Yuanjia (65438+ October 466 AD) at the age of 48. Before being executed, Ye Fan still insisted on his atheism and fought uncompromisingly with his colleagues who believed in Buddhism and threw stones at him. He said: "There are no buddhas and ghosts in the world. If you have the spirit, report it yourself. " While in prison, Ye Fan and his nephews wrote a book summarizing his research experience in literature, history, music and calligraphy. When he is about to die, he hopes to have a confidant in the future and understand the value of the Book of Were Han. He is very conceited about the historical works he has written all his life, thinking that they are "extensive and profound" and have never been seen since ancient times. Among them, the preface is praised as "Wonder of the World", which is no shame compared with Ban Gu's Hanshu. He said that the world values the ancient times and ignores the present, which is why he "talks nonsense" to attract people's attention to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Although Ye Fan's boasting is a bit excessive, his works are indeed superhuman. Liu Zhao said: "The Later Han Dynasty was in Ye Fan, and it really spanned many places" (preface to Notes and Addendum of the Later Han Dynasty), and Liu Zhiji also said: "Learn more books, cut into the Han Dynasty, and observe what they have taken, which is quite noticeable" (see Supplement to the History of Tong Shu). According to "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi", before Ye Fan wrote a book, there were ten books about the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with more than 800 volumes. However, as soon as the sample books came out, the later Han books of various schools became increasingly depressed and gradually lost. Later, except the Book of the Later Han Dynasty written by A Jin Justin, everything was gone. This shows that although Shu Fan was late, he came from behind. The biographical part of the Book of Were Han was recorded by Prince Li Xian of Tang Gaozong. Sima Biao's ambition was noticed by Liu Zhao, a native of A Liang in the Southern Dynasties. Liu Zhao's annotation originally included all the model books and Sima Zhi, and Li Xian's annotation was based on it, and was added or deleted with reference to other books. Li Xian's ambition is not a typical book, so he didn't notice it. As a supplement, Liu Zhu and Li Zhu were handed down together. There are many works that annotated the Book of the Later Han Dynasty in Qing Dynasty, among which Huidong's Supplementary Notes is the best. Later, Wang Xianqian collected many notes and synthesized them into a book "Ji Jie", which provided great convenience for later study. In addition to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, there are fifteen volumes of Ye Fan's posthumous works, including one volume of Hexiangfang and one volume of Zaxianggao Fang (depending on the Annals of Sui Shu). According to "Old Tang Zhi", Ye Fan also wrote a roll of "List of Officials". None of the above books exist now. Today, there is "Preface to Poems of Double Crane", which can be found in Selected Works, Volume 90. For a poem "Poetry should be written in pleasure", see the second volume of Selected Works.
When Ye Fan was executed, his sons Fan Ai and Fan were killed at the same time. Only Fan's son, Fan, survived because her mother was the daughter of a princess. His grandnephews Fan Zhen and Fan Yun are famous in Qi Liang. Fan Zhen inherited and perfected Ye Fan's atheism, while Ye Fan's "non-ghost theory" was filled by Fan Zhen's "deism", which was an epoch-making materialistic paper in the history of China's thought development.